{"title":"Interventional pulmonology: The new horizon in pediatric pulmonology","authors":"M. Moslehi","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115291792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chih-Min Tsai, Chang-Ku Tsai, F. Cheng, Chih-Hao Chang, Hong-Ren Yu
Background/Purpose: Dengue fever (DF) may cause severe morbidity and mortality. Asthma has been proposed as a protective factor for DF. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are atopic diseases with a common background. Herein, we aimed to determine whether allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are also protective factors for DF, as this aspect remained unknown. Materials and Methods: A resampled nationwide population-based retrospective case-control study was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent protective factors of these atopic diseases for DF. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare dengue-free proportions between patients with or without atopic diseases. Result: This case-control cohort study included a total of 1119 patients with DF and 4476 age- and sex-matched patients without DF. At least one of these atopic diseases was observed in 1322 patients. Compared to patients with DF, the non-DF group had a high prevalence rate of atopic diseases (16.2% vs 25.5%, P <0.001). Both asthma and allergic rhinitis were protective factors for DF with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.65, P<0.001) and 0.48 (95%CI, 0.38–0.61; P<0.001), respectively. Atopic dermatitis was not a protective factor for DF (OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.58–1.58; P=0.873). Conclusion: Asthma and allergic rhinitis, rather than atopic dermatitis, can be independent protective factors against DF. Our finding provides insights into the association between allergy and DF.
背景/目的:登革热(DF)可导致严重的发病率和死亡率。哮喘被认为是DF的一个保护因素。哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎是具有共同背景的特应性疾病。在此，我们的目的是确定过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎是否也是DF的保护因素，因为这方面尚不清楚。材料和方法:进行了一项重新抽样的全国人群回顾性病例对照研究。采用多因素logistic回归分析确定这些特应性疾病对DF的独立保护因素。Kaplan-Meier方法用于比较有或无特应性疾病患者的无登革热比例。结果:该病例对照队列研究共纳入1119例DF患者和4476例年龄和性别匹配的非DF患者。在1322例患者中观察到至少一种这些特应性疾病。与DF患者相比，非DF组的特应性疾病患病率较高(16.2% vs 25.5%， P <0.001)。哮喘和变应性鼻炎均为DF的保护因素，优势比(OR)分别为0.40(95%可信区间(CI) 0.25 ~ 0.65, P<0.001)和0.48 (95%CI, 0.38 ~ 0.61;分别为P < 0.001)。特应性皮炎不是DF的保护因素(OR, 0.96;95%置信区间,0.58 - -1.58;P = 0.873)。结论:哮喘和变应性鼻炎是预防DF的独立保护因素，而非特应性皮炎。我们的发现为过敏和DF之间的关系提供了见解。
{"title":"Allergic rhinitis and asthma rather than atopic dermatitis is a protective factor for dengue fever––A nationwide population: A case-control study","authors":"Chih-Min Tsai, Chang-Ku Tsai, F. Cheng, Chih-Hao Chang, Hong-Ren Yu","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Purpose: Dengue fever (DF) may cause severe morbidity and mortality. Asthma has been proposed as a protective factor for DF. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are atopic diseases with a common background. Herein, we aimed to determine whether allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are also protective factors for DF, as this aspect remained unknown. Materials and Methods: A resampled nationwide population-based retrospective case-control study was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent protective factors of these atopic diseases for DF. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare dengue-free proportions between patients with or without atopic diseases. Result: This case-control cohort study included a total of 1119 patients with DF and 4476 age- and sex-matched patients without DF. At least one of these atopic diseases was observed in 1322 patients. Compared to patients with DF, the non-DF group had a high prevalence rate of atopic diseases (16.2% vs 25.5%, P <0.001). Both asthma and allergic rhinitis were protective factors for DF with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25–0.65, P<0.001) and 0.48 (95%CI, 0.38–0.61; P<0.001), respectively. Atopic dermatitis was not a protective factor for DF (OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.58–1.58; P=0.873). Conclusion: Asthma and allergic rhinitis, rather than atopic dermatitis, can be independent protective factors against DF. Our finding provides insights into the association between allergy and DF.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"604 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116074038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome described as any systemic bacterial infection in neonates documented by positive blood culture. However, blood culture is positive in only 5.0%–10.0% of suspected cases. Serum concentration of many acute-phase reactants rises in response to infection, which can be used as a non-specific indicator of bacterial sepsis. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate the levels of serum markers C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and thrombocytopenia with neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh from 2019 to 2021 on 172 babies (cases =142; controls = 30). Neonates with sepsis who presented with clinical signs or symptoms of sepsis were taken as case group and healthy neonates served as control. Result: Blood culture was positive in 58 (40.8%) neonates in the case group and Klebsiella was present in maximum number of cases. Blood culture was positive in only 8 (13.8%) cases out of 31 cases of mild thrombocytopenia. The total culture-positive organism was 58 (40.8%), with 09 (15.5%) gram-positive, 46 (79.3%) gram-negative organisms, and 03(5.2%) fungus. Positive CRP was seen in 88 (61.9%) neonates in the case group, out of which, positive culture was noted in 38 (65.5%) neonates and negative in 50 (59.5%) neonates. Serum ferritin values >400 µgm/L was seen in 97 (68.3%) neonates in the case group and 6 (20.0%) neonates in control group. The mean serum ferritin in culture positive neonates was 1024 ± 309 µgm/L and in culture-negative neonates was 999 ± 301 µgm/L. Conclusions: The signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis are non-specific, leading to difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers such as hematological indices, blood culture, and acute-phase reactants could be more reliable in rapid evaluation and early diagnosis of sepsis and may provide a new diagnostic strategy for the neonates with sepsis.
{"title":"A clinicopathological study of thrombocytopenia, acute-phase reactants, and blood culture in neonatal sepsis","authors":"Fauzia Talat, K. Alam, K. Akhtar, S. Ali","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome described as any systemic bacterial infection in neonates documented by positive blood culture. However, blood culture is positive in only 5.0%–10.0% of suspected cases. Serum concentration of many acute-phase reactants rises in response to infection, which can be used as a non-specific indicator of bacterial sepsis. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to correlate the levels of serum markers C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and thrombocytopenia with neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (JNMC), Aligarh from 2019 to 2021 on 172 babies (cases =142; controls = 30). Neonates with sepsis who presented with clinical signs or symptoms of sepsis were taken as case group and healthy neonates served as control. Result: Blood culture was positive in 58 (40.8%) neonates in the case group and Klebsiella was present in maximum number of cases. Blood culture was positive in only 8 (13.8%) cases out of 31 cases of mild thrombocytopenia. The total culture-positive organism was 58 (40.8%), with 09 (15.5%) gram-positive, 46 (79.3%) gram-negative organisms, and 03(5.2%) fungus. Positive CRP was seen in 88 (61.9%) neonates in the case group, out of which, positive culture was noted in 38 (65.5%) neonates and negative in 50 (59.5%) neonates. Serum ferritin values >400 µgm/L was seen in 97 (68.3%) neonates in the case group and 6 (20.0%) neonates in control group. The mean serum ferritin in culture positive neonates was 1024 ± 309 µgm/L and in culture-negative neonates was 999 ± 301 µgm/L. Conclusions: The signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis are non-specific, leading to difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Biomarkers such as hematological indices, blood culture, and acute-phase reactants could be more reliable in rapid evaluation and early diagnosis of sepsis and may provide a new diagnostic strategy for the neonates with sepsis.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132244995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and Aims: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is associated with eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in asthmatic children and studies showed fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is associated with it. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between FeNO and EIB and find a cutoff reference of FeNO for EIB based on existing normative data from healthy Asian children by Yao et al. in 2012. Materials and Methods: Asian asthmatic children who had undergone FeNO and exercise challenge test from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 in a local respiratory centre were reviewed retrospectively. The FeNO values of the individuals were converted to z-score with reference to the predicted value of FeNO in Asian children by Yao et al. in 2012. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve is plotted to identify a cutoff representing EIB. Results: Data of 88 Asian asthmatic children aged 5–18 were retrieved. There is a significant overlapping of the FeNO z-scores of normal and mild EIB groups. The cutoff value determined by the Youden index (0.724) to predict moderate or severe EIB in asthmatic patients is 3.276 with sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 83.5%Conclusion: High FeNO value of z-score 3.276 has high sensitivity and specificity to moderate to severe EIB in Asian asthmatic children. FeNO could be used as a simple test in clinic setting before exercise challenge test is available.
{"title":"The relationship of fractional exhaled nitric oxide level with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in Asian asthmatic children: A local single-centre retrospective diagnostic study","authors":"Ka-Nam Au, E. Chan, Shuk-yu Leung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_15_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_15_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is associated with eosinophilic inflammation of the airway in asthmatic children and studies showed fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is associated with it. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between FeNO and EIB and find a cutoff reference of FeNO for EIB based on existing normative data from healthy Asian children by Yao et al. in 2012. Materials and Methods: Asian asthmatic children who had undergone FeNO and exercise challenge test from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 in a local respiratory centre were reviewed retrospectively. The FeNO values of the individuals were converted to z-score with reference to the predicted value of FeNO in Asian children by Yao et al. in 2012. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve is plotted to identify a cutoff representing EIB. Results: Data of 88 Asian asthmatic children aged 5–18 were retrieved. There is a significant overlapping of the FeNO z-scores of normal and mild EIB groups. The cutoff value determined by the Youden index (0.724) to predict moderate or severe EIB in asthmatic patients is 3.276 with sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 83.5%Conclusion: High FeNO value of z-score 3.276 has high sensitivity and specificity to moderate to severe EIB in Asian asthmatic children. FeNO could be used as a simple test in clinic setting before exercise challenge test is available.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114389646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Primary snoring, also known as simple snoring, was historically regarded as a benign entity on the sleep-disordered breathing spectrum until recently, when more and more evidence suggested the otherwise. This article aims to provide an overview on the research directions of primary snoring and their relevant clinical significance.
{"title":"The complicated simple snoring","authors":"E. Cheng","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_22_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_22_21","url":null,"abstract":"Primary snoring, also known as simple snoring, was historically regarded as a benign entity on the sleep-disordered breathing spectrum until recently, when more and more evidence suggested the otherwise. This article aims to provide an overview on the research directions of primary snoring and their relevant clinical significance.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132710575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Pei Tai, Hsiu-Chuan Wang, Yu-Cheng Tsai, Ching-Chung Tsai, Yuan-Yi Huang, Yu-Tsun Su
Background: Under the hypothesis that poor asthma control in Taiwan is associated with the underuse of written asthma action plans (WAAPs), we investigate the relationship between parental knowledge of key components of WAAP and asthma control levels. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study from July 2019 to July 2021. “Written Asthma Action Plan” questionnaires were completed by the parents of asthmatic children, and the responses were correlated to the asthma symptom control level according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Results: A total of 67 asthmatic children were enrolled (males 71.6%, mean age 6.3 ± 3.3 years). The asthma control level was significantly related to WAAP questionnaire score. The key components of “know the daily medication and how to use them” and “know the triggers and how to deal with them” both showed significantly higher understanding rates in the partly controlled children compared to the uncontrolled children (P < 0.005). The rates of having WAAPs were both below 10% in these two groups. Conclusion: The asthma control level was significantly and positively related to the understanding of key WAAP components. The development of an easy-to-use WAAP and its use as a standard tool for asthmatic children is expected to greatly improve asthma control in Taiwan.
{"title":"Correlation between parental knowledge regarding components of written asthma action plans and asthma control levels in asthmatic children in Southern Taiwan","authors":"Yi-Pei Tai, Hsiu-Chuan Wang, Yu-Cheng Tsai, Ching-Chung Tsai, Yuan-Yi Huang, Yu-Tsun Su","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Under the hypothesis that poor asthma control in Taiwan is associated with the underuse of written asthma action plans (WAAPs), we investigate the relationship between parental knowledge of key components of WAAP and asthma control levels. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study from July 2019 to July 2021. “Written Asthma Action Plan” questionnaires were completed by the parents of asthmatic children, and the responses were correlated to the asthma symptom control level according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Results: A total of 67 asthmatic children were enrolled (males 71.6%, mean age 6.3 ± 3.3 years). The asthma control level was significantly related to WAAP questionnaire score. The key components of “know the daily medication and how to use them” and “know the triggers and how to deal with them” both showed significantly higher understanding rates in the partly controlled children compared to the uncontrolled children (P < 0.005). The rates of having WAAPs were both below 10% in these two groups. Conclusion: The asthma control level was significantly and positively related to the understanding of key WAAP components. The development of an easy-to-use WAAP and its use as a standard tool for asthmatic children is expected to greatly improve asthma control in Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129132610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Given dramatic rises in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents and ongoing dilemmas regarding their harms versus potential for harm reduction, this study examined the current pattern of e-cigarette use, the perceived health effects of e-cigarettes and the association of e-cigarette with the use of other tobacco products among Hong Kong secondary school students. Materials and Methods: 26,684 Hong Kong secondary school students participated in the territory-wide, school-based Hong Kong Secondary School Smoking and Health Survey 2016/17, conducted by the HKU School of Public Health. Data regarding demographics, self-reported harms of e-cigarette use, and its association with smoking intention, habits and quitting intention, was obtained and analysed. Results: Among Hong Kong secondary school students, 8.9% have ever-used e-cigarettes and the prevalence of past-30-day e-cigarette use was 3.0%. For those who had ever used e-cigarettes, 27.1% had their first puff before or at 11 years old. E-cigarette use among secondary school students was significantly associated with chronic respiratory symptoms (current users: AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13–2.23; ever users: AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.53) and poorer perceived health status (current users: AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08–2.27; ever users: AOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14–1.56), after adjusting for confounders. Current adolescent e-cigarette use was also significantly associated with increased intentions of tobacco smoking (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12–2.46) and waterpipe use (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.77–3.91) in the next 12 months, cigarette smoking status (including those who ever-smoked, experimented, quit and currently smoke), and waterpipe and other tobacco product use in the past 30 days. Moreover, Hong Kong secondary school students who used e-cigarettes along with cigarettes did not show significant changes in quitting intention. Conclusions: E-cigarette use was associated with poorer perceived health status and respiratory symptoms, increased use and intention to use cigarettes and other tobacco products, and no significant changes in quitting intention. This study does not support e-cigarettes as a harm reduction tool and shows that e-cigarettes are not safe as general consumer products. Their function as a gateway to smoking and their failure to reduce quitting intention in adolescents may renormalize the tobacco industry and reverse all tobacco control efforts.
引言:鉴于青少年使用电子烟(电子烟)的人数急剧上升，以及其危害与减少危害潜力之间的持续困境，本研究调查了香港中学生目前使用电子烟的模式、电子烟对健康的影响，以及电子烟与其他烟草产品使用的关联。材料与方法:26,684名香港中学生参加了由香港大学公共卫生学院进行的以学校为基础的全港性香港中学生吸烟与健康调查2016/17。获得并分析了有关人口统计数据、电子烟使用的自我报告危害及其与吸烟意图、习惯和戒烟意图的关联。结果:在香港中学生中，8.9%曾经使用过电子烟，过去30天使用电子烟的患病率为3.0%。在那些曾经吸过电子烟的人中，27.1%的人在11岁之前或11岁时吸了第一口电子烟。中学生使用电子烟与慢性呼吸道症状显著相关(当前使用者:AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13-2.23;曾经用户:AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22-1.53)和较差的感知健康状况(当前用户:AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08-2.27;从未使用过:AOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14-1.56)，校正混杂因素后。当前青少年使用电子烟还与未来12个月内吸烟意向(AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12-2.46)和水烟使用(AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.77-3.91)增加、吸烟状况(包括曾经吸烟、尝试吸烟、戒烟和目前吸烟的人)以及过去30天内水烟和其他烟草制品的使用显著相关。此外，使用电子烟和香烟的香港中学生在戒烟意愿上没有明显的变化。结论:电子烟的使用与较差的感知健康状况和呼吸系统症状有关，与使用香烟和其他烟草制品的增加和意图有关，与戒烟意图没有显著变化有关。这项研究不支持电子烟作为一种减少危害的工具，并表明电子烟不像一般消费品那样安全。它们作为吸烟门户的功能以及它们未能降低青少年的戒烟意愿可能使烟草业重新正常化，并使所有烟草控制努力落空。
{"title":"E-cigarettes: An emerging threat to the respiratory health of our next generation","authors":"C. Yeung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_18_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Given dramatic rises in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among adolescents and ongoing dilemmas regarding their harms versus potential for harm reduction, this study examined the current pattern of e-cigarette use, the perceived health effects of e-cigarettes and the association of e-cigarette with the use of other tobacco products among Hong Kong secondary school students. Materials and Methods: 26,684 Hong Kong secondary school students participated in the territory-wide, school-based Hong Kong Secondary School Smoking and Health Survey 2016/17, conducted by the HKU School of Public Health. Data regarding demographics, self-reported harms of e-cigarette use, and its association with smoking intention, habits and quitting intention, was obtained and analysed. Results: Among Hong Kong secondary school students, 8.9% have ever-used e-cigarettes and the prevalence of past-30-day e-cigarette use was 3.0%. For those who had ever used e-cigarettes, 27.1% had their first puff before or at 11 years old. E-cigarette use among secondary school students was significantly associated with chronic respiratory symptoms (current users: AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.13–2.23; ever users: AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.22–1.53) and poorer perceived health status (current users: AOR 1.57, 95% CI 1.08–2.27; ever users: AOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14–1.56), after adjusting for confounders. Current adolescent e-cigarette use was also significantly associated with increased intentions of tobacco smoking (AOR 1.17, 95% CI 1.12–2.46) and waterpipe use (AOR 2.63, 95% CI 1.77–3.91) in the next 12 months, cigarette smoking status (including those who ever-smoked, experimented, quit and currently smoke), and waterpipe and other tobacco product use in the past 30 days. Moreover, Hong Kong secondary school students who used e-cigarettes along with cigarettes did not show significant changes in quitting intention. Conclusions: E-cigarette use was associated with poorer perceived health status and respiratory symptoms, increased use and intention to use cigarettes and other tobacco products, and no significant changes in quitting intention. This study does not support e-cigarettes as a harm reduction tool and shows that e-cigarettes are not safe as general consumer products. Their function as a gateway to smoking and their failure to reduce quitting intention in adolescents may renormalize the tobacco industry and reverse all tobacco control efforts.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131788309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andy Hou, E. Chan, K. Kwok, Mei-yee Lau, Shuk-yu Leung
Introduction: Pulse oximetry is currently used to screen for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children. However, its use in infant has not yet been well studied. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a screening criterion using pulse oximetry to identify infant with probable OSA. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including infants <1 year of age with features of upper airway obstruction or requiring home oxygen to find associations between obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) in infant polysomnography (PSG) and parameters in pulse oximetry by Spearman Rho’s correlation. The factor with the strongest correlation is further analysed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify a cutoff with highest Youden index to screen for probable OSA (OAHI >2 per hour). Results: A total of 27 infants were studied. The index of oxygen desaturation with SpO2 <90% per sampled hour (ODI<90%) had the best correlation with OAHI (r = 0.52, P = 0.005). Using the cutoff of ODI<90% more than 1.3 per hour, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying OAHI >2 per hour was 77% and 71%, respectively. Conclusion: Infant pulse oximetry can be a useful tool to screen for probable infant OSA especially for paediatric units not offering infant PSG service.
{"title":"Use of pulse oximetry to screen for infant obstructive sleep apnoea","authors":"Andy Hou, E. Chan, K. Kwok, Mei-yee Lau, Shuk-yu Leung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_3_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_3_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulse oximetry is currently used to screen for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in children. However, its use in infant has not yet been well studied. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a screening criterion using pulse oximetry to identify infant with probable OSA. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study including infants <1 year of age with features of upper airway obstruction or requiring home oxygen to find associations between obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) in infant polysomnography (PSG) and parameters in pulse oximetry by Spearman Rho’s correlation. The factor with the strongest correlation is further analysed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve to identify a cutoff with highest Youden index to screen for probable OSA (OAHI >2 per hour). Results: A total of 27 infants were studied. The index of oxygen desaturation with SpO2 <90% per sampled hour (ODI<90%) had the best correlation with OAHI (r = 0.52, P = 0.005). Using the cutoff of ODI<90% more than 1.3 per hour, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying OAHI >2 per hour was 77% and 71%, respectively. Conclusion: Infant pulse oximetry can be a useful tool to screen for probable infant OSA especially for paediatric units not offering infant PSG service.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131542550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Respiratory distress in children must be promptly recognized and aggressively treated because they decompensate quickly leading to adverse outcomes. Objectives: To determine the outcomes of children admitted with respiratory distress based on PRESS score. Study Design: A prospective study which was done between September 2018 and March 2020. A total of 90 children of age group 1 month to 10 years with respiratory distress at the time of admission. Intervention: The PRESS scoring was done and outcomes measured which included use of Respiratory support [nasal cannula, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), mechanical ventilation (MV)], duration of ICU and hospital stay. Results: Compared to moderate PRESS score, children with severe PRESS score had significantly more admission in PICU (91.30% vs 64.18%, P = 0.016); significantly more number of days of hospital stay (7 vs 5, P = 0.001); significantly more number of days of ICU stay (5 vs 3, P<.0001); significantly more median days of respiratory support (4 vs 3, P<.0001); significantly more use of respiratory support (67 vs 23patients, P < 0.0003) and more HFNC usage (73.91% vs 20.90%, P<.0001). However there was comparable requirement of mechanical ventilation between the two groups (8.7% vs 0%, P = 0.063). Conclusion: PRESS score can be a useful respiratory scoring system in triaging the children at the time of admission and in predicting the requirement of respiratory support and duration of hospital stay. It probably may serve as a useful tool at the community level to consider referral to an appropriate health facility in view of its simplicity.
背景:儿童呼吸窘迫必须及时识别和积极治疗，因为他们迅速失代偿导致不良后果。目的:根据PRESS评分确定呼吸窘迫患儿的预后。研究设计:一项前瞻性研究，于2018年9月至2020年3月期间完成。共有90名1个月至10岁年龄组的儿童在入院时出现呼吸窘迫。干预:进行PRESS评分并测量结果，包括呼吸支持[鼻插管、高流量鼻插管(HFNC)、机械通气(MV)]的使用情况、ICU持续时间和住院时间。结果:与中度PRESS评分相比，重度PRESS评分患儿PICU入院率显著高于中度PRESS评分患儿(91.30% vs 64.18%， P = 0.016);住院天数显著增加(7 vs 5, P = 0.001);ICU住院天数明显增加(5 vs 3, P< 0.0001);呼吸支持的中位数天数显著增加(4 vs 3, P< 0.0001);呼吸支持(67 vs 23例，P< 0.0003)和HFNC (73.91% vs 20.90%， P< 0.0001)的使用显著增加。然而，两组之间的机械通气需求具有可比性(8.7% vs 0%， P = 0.063)。结论:PRESS评分可作为一种有效的呼吸评分系统，用于患儿入院时的分诊、预测呼吸支持需求及住院时间。鉴于其简单性，它或许可以作为社区一级考虑转诊到适当保健设施的有用工具。
{"title":"Utility of PRESS score in predicting the outcomes of children admitted with respiratory distress: A prospective study","authors":"Vanitha Jagalamarri, Lokeswari Balleda, Sravani Kolla, Thimmapuram Chandra Sekhara Reddy","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_1_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_1_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory distress in children must be promptly recognized and aggressively treated because they decompensate quickly leading to adverse outcomes. Objectives: To determine the outcomes of children admitted with respiratory distress based on PRESS score. Study Design: A prospective study which was done between September 2018 and March 2020. A total of 90 children of age group 1 month to 10 years with respiratory distress at the time of admission. Intervention: The PRESS scoring was done and outcomes measured which included use of Respiratory support [nasal cannula, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), mechanical ventilation (MV)], duration of ICU and hospital stay. Results: Compared to moderate PRESS score, children with severe PRESS score had significantly more admission in PICU (91.30% vs 64.18%, P = 0.016); significantly more number of days of hospital stay (7 vs 5, P = 0.001); significantly more number of days of ICU stay (5 vs 3, P<.0001); significantly more median days of respiratory support (4 vs 3, P<.0001); significantly more use of respiratory support (67 vs 23patients, P < 0.0003) and more HFNC usage (73.91% vs 20.90%, P<.0001). However there was comparable requirement of mechanical ventilation between the two groups (8.7% vs 0%, P = 0.063). Conclusion: PRESS score can be a useful respiratory scoring system in triaging the children at the time of admission and in predicting the requirement of respiratory support and duration of hospital stay. It probably may serve as a useful tool at the community level to consider referral to an appropriate health facility in view of its simplicity.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130716722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In this study, we primarily evaluated the effects of IMMUPHYLA LCW23 on symptoms of allergic rhinitis. IMMUPHYLA LCW23 is a commercial probiotic product containing the Lactobacillus paracasei LCW23 strain. Materials and Methods: Sixty 5–18-year-old children with allergic rhinitis positive for the dust mite-specific bivalent antibody and meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. They were administered 2–4 g of the probiotic product containing L. paracasei LCW23 (2.5 × 109 cells/g; n = 28) or a placebo supplement (n = 32) according to their body weights for 12 weeks. After the treatment period, a self-assessment of allergic rhinitis symptoms in the nose and eyes was performed. Results: This study results revealed that 12-week supplementation with IMMUPHYLA LCW23 is safe, with no side effects. In addition, the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) assessment revealed that the probiotic significantly alleviated general discomfort (P = 0.003) and common symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as nasal congestion (P = 0.033), runny nose (P = 0.001), and blowing nose (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Administration of IMMUPHYLA LCW23 was safe in the long-term follow-up study. The probiotic likely reduced the risk of allergy prevalence, without any major side effects.
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of orally administered heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei LCW23 in patients with allergic rhinitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Chung-Bin Huang, Ying-Hsiang Wang, Wei-Jen Chen, C. Tsai, Chia-Hao Kang, Pai-Yin Lin, Hsin-I Lo, Hong-Ren Yu","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_2_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_2_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we primarily evaluated the effects of IMMUPHYLA LCW23 on symptoms of allergic rhinitis. IMMUPHYLA LCW23 is a commercial probiotic product containing the Lactobacillus paracasei LCW23 strain. Materials and Methods: Sixty 5–18-year-old children with allergic rhinitis positive for the dust mite-specific bivalent antibody and meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. They were administered 2–4 g of the probiotic product containing L. paracasei LCW23 (2.5 × 109 cells/g; n = 28) or a placebo supplement (n = 32) according to their body weights for 12 weeks. After the treatment period, a self-assessment of allergic rhinitis symptoms in the nose and eyes was performed. Results: This study results revealed that 12-week supplementation with IMMUPHYLA LCW23 is safe, with no side effects. In addition, the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) assessment revealed that the probiotic significantly alleviated general discomfort (P = 0.003) and common symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as nasal congestion (P = 0.033), runny nose (P = 0.001), and blowing nose (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Administration of IMMUPHYLA LCW23 was safe in the long-term follow-up study. The probiotic likely reduced the risk of allergy prevalence, without any major side effects.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122498132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：