Supakanya Tansriratanawong, S. Sritippayawan, M. Veeravigrom, J. Deerojanawong
Context: Overnight oximetry is a screening test for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, those who demonstrate normal/inconclusive test still require diagnostic polysomnography (PSG). Since PSG has a long waiting list, an adjunct simple test for the prioritization would be helpful. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether the OSA-18 quality of life (QoL) questionnaire could predict moderate-to-severe OSA in children with normal/inconclusive overnight oximetry. Settings and Design: The study involves a cross-sectional study at a university hospital. Subjects and Methods: Overnight PSG and QoL assessed by the Thai-Version OSA-18 were performed in snoring children with normal/inconclusive overnight oximetry. Statistical Analysis: Unpaired Student's t-test, Chi-square, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used. Results: A total of 218 children (age 6.4 ± 2.5 years, 62% male) were studied. Sixty percent had moderate-to-severe OSA, while 40% had primary snoring/mild OSA. The mean total OSA-18 score was not different between the two groups. Subgroup analysis among those who never had medical treatment for OSA (n = 55) showed a higher total OSA-18 score in moderate-to-severe compared to primary snoring/mild OSA groups (80.5 ± 10.7 vs. 72.2 ± 14.4; P = 0.02). Total OSA-18 score >78 was the best cutoff value for predicting moderate-to-severe OSA (61.5% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 72.7% positive predictive value, and 69.7% negative predictive value). Combining this cutoff value with overweight/obesity did not improve its predictivity. Conclusions: We found the association between high total OSA-18 score and moderate-to-severe OSA in snoring children who had normal/inconclusive overnight oximetry and never had medical treatment for OSA. However, the best cutoff value of the score and other potential add-on parameters are still needed to be investigated.
{"title":"Usefulness of obstructive sleep apnea-18 as a predictor of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in children who have normal/inconclusive McGill oximetry score","authors":"Supakanya Tansriratanawong, S. Sritippayawan, M. Veeravigrom, J. Deerojanawong","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_14_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_14_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Overnight oximetry is a screening test for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, those who demonstrate normal/inconclusive test still require diagnostic polysomnography (PSG). Since PSG has a long waiting list, an adjunct simple test for the prioritization would be helpful. Aims: The aim of this study is to determine whether the OSA-18 quality of life (QoL) questionnaire could predict moderate-to-severe OSA in children with normal/inconclusive overnight oximetry. Settings and Design: The study involves a cross-sectional study at a university hospital. Subjects and Methods: Overnight PSG and QoL assessed by the Thai-Version OSA-18 were performed in snoring children with normal/inconclusive overnight oximetry. Statistical Analysis: Unpaired Student's t-test, Chi-square, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used. Results: A total of 218 children (age 6.4 ± 2.5 years, 62% male) were studied. Sixty percent had moderate-to-severe OSA, while 40% had primary snoring/mild OSA. The mean total OSA-18 score was not different between the two groups. Subgroup analysis among those who never had medical treatment for OSA (n = 55) showed a higher total OSA-18 score in moderate-to-severe compared to primary snoring/mild OSA groups (80.5 ± 10.7 vs. 72.2 ± 14.4; P = 0.02). Total OSA-18 score >78 was the best cutoff value for predicting moderate-to-severe OSA (61.5% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 72.7% positive predictive value, and 69.7% negative predictive value). Combining this cutoff value with overweight/obesity did not improve its predictivity. Conclusions: We found the association between high total OSA-18 score and moderate-to-severe OSA in snoring children who had normal/inconclusive overnight oximetry and never had medical treatment for OSA. However, the best cutoff value of the score and other potential add-on parameters are still needed to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133949902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the editorial desk","authors":"D. Ng","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_8_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_8_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132502833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Hsin Yang, Yen-Shan Yang, M. Jeng, Ching-Yi Cho, Yingjie Tang, Yu-hsuan Chen, C. Yeh, Chung-Min Shen
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the current clinical factors associated with preterm birth in women delivering newborn infants in a tertiary medical center of a modern city. Methods: The medical records of women who delivered newborn infants in a tertiary medical center in Taipei city in 2015 were reviewed. To compare with the full-term group, the preterm group was defined by gestations of <37 weeks. Maternal characteristics, pregnant histories, underlying diseases, and peripartum conditions of enrolled mothers and the characteristics of their newborn infants were recorded and analyzed. Odds ratios (OR) were analyzed using logistic regression for factors associated with preterm deliveries. Results: A total of 1729 pregnant women (15–48 years) gave birth during the study period, including 1520 full-term and 209 (12.1%) preterm deliveries, accounting for 1778 newborns with 49 pairs of twins. After multivariate analysis, the following significant factors were found to be associated with preterm birth: multiple pregnancy (OR, 26.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7–55.4]), presence of maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR, 10.4; 95% CI, 2.3–46.2), preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.9–14.8), tocolysis requirement (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 4.6–9.7), infection (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7–3.5), maternal diabetes (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0–4.4), and low maternal height (<155 cm) (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.4). The preterm group also had more maternal blood loss (623 ± 543 vs. 399 ± 375 mL, P < 0.05) and a higher ratio of cesarean sections (59.3% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.05) than the full-term group. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancy, tocolysis requirement, lower maternal height (<155 cm), and the presence of maternal diseases during pregnancy, including SLE, preeclampsia/eclampsia, infection, and maternal diabetes, are significantly associated with preterm birth in Taipei city.
{"title":"Preterm birth-associated factors analysis: A cross-sectional study in 2015","authors":"Yi-Hsin Yang, Yen-Shan Yang, M. Jeng, Ching-Yi Cho, Yingjie Tang, Yu-hsuan Chen, C. Yeh, Chung-Min Shen","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_16_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_16_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the current clinical factors associated with preterm birth in women delivering newborn infants in a tertiary medical center of a modern city. Methods: The medical records of women who delivered newborn infants in a tertiary medical center in Taipei city in 2015 were reviewed. To compare with the full-term group, the preterm group was defined by gestations of <37 weeks. Maternal characteristics, pregnant histories, underlying diseases, and peripartum conditions of enrolled mothers and the characteristics of their newborn infants were recorded and analyzed. Odds ratios (OR) were analyzed using logistic regression for factors associated with preterm deliveries. Results: A total of 1729 pregnant women (15–48 years) gave birth during the study period, including 1520 full-term and 209 (12.1%) preterm deliveries, accounting for 1778 newborns with 49 pairs of twins. After multivariate analysis, the following significant factors were found to be associated with preterm birth: multiple pregnancy (OR, 26.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7–55.4]), presence of maternal systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR, 10.4; 95% CI, 2.3–46.2), preeclampsia/eclampsia (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 3.9–14.8), tocolysis requirement (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 4.6–9.7), infection (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.7–3.5), maternal diabetes (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0–4.4), and low maternal height (<155 cm) (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4–3.4). The preterm group also had more maternal blood loss (623 ± 543 vs. 399 ± 375 mL, P < 0.05) and a higher ratio of cesarean sections (59.3% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.05) than the full-term group. Conclusion: Multiple pregnancy, tocolysis requirement, lower maternal height (<155 cm), and the presence of maternal diseases during pregnancy, including SLE, preeclampsia/eclampsia, infection, and maternal diabetes, are significantly associated with preterm birth in Taipei city.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134049952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite increasing survival for babies born preterm, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains similar and continues to be the most common chronic lung disease in the preterm population. Advances in neonatal management, including the use of antenatal steroids, exogenous surfactants and changes in ventilation, have resulted in a change in the pathophysiology of BPD to a condition characterized by an arrest in alveolar development and vascular remodeling. There are numerous diagnostic definitions used for this heterogeneous condition with those using the extent of respiratory support required at 36 weeks postmenstrual age shown to be the most effective in predicting long-term pulmonary outcomes. In this article, we will discuss definitions, etiology, and pathophysiology of BPD. Management of infants with established BPD requires a multi-disciplinary team, including neonatologists and respiratory pediatricians with support for families being crucial to long term care. In this article, we will review current guidelines on oxygen saturation targets for established BPD and discuss how the use of a structured weaning pathway, as used at our center, has been shown to reduce the total duration of home oxygen. Other cornerstones of management, including optimizing growth and nutrition, reducing second-hand smoke exposure, and infection prevention, are discussed. For infants with the most severe BPD, we will review the evidence base for pharmacological therapies and indications for long-term ventilatory support. With a number of emerging therapies such as mesenchymal stem cells at the stage of phase one clinical trials, we will discuss future directions in BPD management.
{"title":"A practical, evidence-based approach to postneonatal management of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","authors":"C. Poulter, Rebecca Devaney, C. Kwok, J. Bhatt","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_2_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_2_20","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increasing survival for babies born preterm, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains similar and continues to be the most common chronic lung disease in the preterm population. Advances in neonatal management, including the use of antenatal steroids, exogenous surfactants and changes in ventilation, have resulted in a change in the pathophysiology of BPD to a condition characterized by an arrest in alveolar development and vascular remodeling. There are numerous diagnostic definitions used for this heterogeneous condition with those using the extent of respiratory support required at 36 weeks postmenstrual age shown to be the most effective in predicting long-term pulmonary outcomes. In this article, we will discuss definitions, etiology, and pathophysiology of BPD. Management of infants with established BPD requires a multi-disciplinary team, including neonatologists and respiratory pediatricians with support for families being crucial to long term care. In this article, we will review current guidelines on oxygen saturation targets for established BPD and discuss how the use of a structured weaning pathway, as used at our center, has been shown to reduce the total duration of home oxygen. Other cornerstones of management, including optimizing growth and nutrition, reducing second-hand smoke exposure, and infection prevention, are discussed. For infants with the most severe BPD, we will review the evidence base for pharmacological therapies and indications for long-term ventilatory support. With a number of emerging therapies such as mesenchymal stem cells at the stage of phase one clinical trials, we will discuss future directions in BPD management.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131151188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2543-0343.264104
C. Chiu
{"title":"Diagnosis and outcomes","authors":"C. Chiu","doi":"10.4103/2543-0343.264104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2543-0343.264104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124833873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pneumonia is a frequent diagnosis without adequate consideration of the etiology. Pneumonia implies the presence of inflammation of the lung parenchyma with consolidation. That inflammation may be from infectious or noninfectious causes. Radiologic diagnosis of pneumonia is subject to interobserver interpretation and may misdiagnose noninflammatory radiological opacifications as pneumonia. The common diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in children most commonly has a viral rather than bacterial etiology. Antibiotics should be reserved for those where the clinical course, laboratory measure of biomarkers, and radiology are consistent with the diagnosis of pyogenic bacterial pneumonia.
{"title":"What does it mean when a child is diagnosed with pneumonia?","authors":"M. Weinberger","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_17_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_17_18","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia is a frequent diagnosis without adequate consideration of the etiology. Pneumonia implies the presence of inflammation of the lung parenchyma with consolidation. That inflammation may be from infectious or noninfectious causes. Radiologic diagnosis of pneumonia is subject to interobserver interpretation and may misdiagnose noninflammatory radiological opacifications as pneumonia. The common diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in children most commonly has a viral rather than bacterial etiology. Antibiotics should be reserved for those where the clinical course, laboratory measure of biomarkers, and radiology are consistent with the diagnosis of pyogenic bacterial pneumonia.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125033995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Chan, E. Chan, D. Ng, K. Kwok, Ada Yip, Shuk-yu Leung
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the use of overnight oximetry to predict high Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) in Hong Kong children with habitual snoring. Methodology: We have retrospectively analyzed the polysomnography (PSG) of 573 patients with habitual snoring with age ranged from 6 months to 18 years old. Patients with syndromal diagnosis or neuromuscular disorders were excluded from the study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value , and negative predictive value (NPV) of oximetry to predict AHI were calculated. Results: McGill score >1 had high specificity 99.07% and low sensitivity 16.81% to detect AHI >1. SpO2 nadir <95% has high sensitivity 98.56% and NPV 97.56% to predict AHI >5. Conclusion: The use of the McGill score together with nadir SpO2 in overnight oximetry can help in stratifying the severity of obstructive sleep Apnea and thus prioritizing PSG testing.
{"title":"McGill oximetry score to predict risk of obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric patients","authors":"W. Chan, E. Chan, D. Ng, K. Kwok, Ada Yip, Shuk-yu Leung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_7_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_7_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the use of overnight oximetry to predict high Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI) in Hong Kong children with habitual snoring. Methodology: We have retrospectively analyzed the polysomnography (PSG) of 573 patients with habitual snoring with age ranged from 6 months to 18 years old. Patients with syndromal diagnosis or neuromuscular disorders were excluded from the study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value , and negative predictive value (NPV) of oximetry to predict AHI were calculated. Results: McGill score >1 had high specificity 99.07% and low sensitivity 16.81% to detect AHI >1. SpO2 nadir <95% has high sensitivity 98.56% and NPV 97.56% to predict AHI >5. Conclusion: The use of the McGill score together with nadir SpO2 in overnight oximetry can help in stratifying the severity of obstructive sleep Apnea and thus prioritizing PSG testing.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123407103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen Ka Yan Leung, So Lee, M. Wong, W. Wong, T. Yung
Background: Specialised transport teams are associated with fewer complications during interhospital transport. Such teams are currently unavailable in Hong Kong. The aim of this study was to review the clinical outcomes of critically ill infants requiring interhospital transport in Hong Kong. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and clinical outcomes of all infants transported from the neonatal units of regional or private hospitals into the neonatal or cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) of Queen Mary Hospital, a tertiary-wide academic centre in Hong Kong from 1st August 2013 to 31st July 2016. Results: A total of 256 infants with a mean gestational age of 31.7 ± 5.5 weeks and birth weight of 1732 ± 1007 g were included in the study. While 143 (55.9%) patients were intubated during transport, there was no documentation of close monitoring of physiological parameters for 91.4% of the patients. Close to half of the patients (44.1%) had complications on admission and 23.4% required significant interventions immediately after the transfer. The median length of stay in the ICU was 3.3 (range: 0.5–342.6) days. Five patients died of non-transport-related causes within 7 days of admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that intubated patient (P = 0.001) or patient requiring inotropic support during transport (P = 0.027) were more likely to develop complications. Higher birth weight (P = 0.022) and younger chronological age at transfer (P = 0.030) were also significant risk factors for complications. Conclusions: Complications and interventions are considerable during interhospital neonatal transport in Hong Kong. The complication rate was higher than medical infrastructures that provided a specialised team for this process. Documentation during transport was inadequate.
{"title":"Clinical outcomes of critically ill infants requiring interhospital transport to a paediatric tertiary centre in Hong Kong","authors":"Karen Ka Yan Leung, So Lee, M. Wong, W. Wong, T. Yung","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_6_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_6_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Specialised transport teams are associated with fewer complications during interhospital transport. Such teams are currently unavailable in Hong Kong. The aim of this study was to review the clinical outcomes of critically ill infants requiring interhospital transport in Hong Kong. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the characteristics and clinical outcomes of all infants transported from the neonatal units of regional or private hospitals into the neonatal or cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) of Queen Mary Hospital, a tertiary-wide academic centre in Hong Kong from 1st August 2013 to 31st July 2016. Results: A total of 256 infants with a mean gestational age of 31.7 ± 5.5 weeks and birth weight of 1732 ± 1007 g were included in the study. While 143 (55.9%) patients were intubated during transport, there was no documentation of close monitoring of physiological parameters for 91.4% of the patients. Close to half of the patients (44.1%) had complications on admission and 23.4% required significant interventions immediately after the transfer. The median length of stay in the ICU was 3.3 (range: 0.5–342.6) days. Five patients died of non-transport-related causes within 7 days of admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that intubated patient (P = 0.001) or patient requiring inotropic support during transport (P = 0.027) were more likely to develop complications. Higher birth weight (P = 0.022) and younger chronological age at transfer (P = 0.030) were also significant risk factors for complications. Conclusions: Complications and interventions are considerable during interhospital neonatal transport in Hong Kong. The complication rate was higher than medical infrastructures that provided a specialised team for this process. Documentation during transport was inadequate.","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122144399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Authors' Response – Pulmonary function abnormalities in Nigerian children with sickle cell anemia: Prevalence, pattern, and predictive factors","authors":"B. Kuti, S. Adegoke","doi":"10.4103/prcm.prcm_5_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/prcm.prcm_5_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273845,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Respirology and Critical Care Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131580813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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