The behavior of a director stator-flux-oriented (SFO) system in the field weakening region is studied and compared with that of a direct rotor-flux-oriented (RFO) system. The steady-state analysis shows that the SFO system always retains maximum torque capability, not matter how large the error in the parameters. In contrast, RFO is sensitive to variations in leakage and magnetizing inductances. When detuned, RFO yields reduced torque capability and poorer torque/ampere ratio, or even static instability. Digital simulation also shows that SFO can have dynamic response comparable to tuned RFO.<>
{"title":"Stator flux orientation control of induction machines in the field weakening region","authors":"X. Xu, R. D. De Doncker, D. Novotny","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25097","url":null,"abstract":"The behavior of a director stator-flux-oriented (SFO) system in the field weakening region is studied and compared with that of a direct rotor-flux-oriented (RFO) system. The steady-state analysis shows that the SFO system always retains maximum torque capability, not matter how large the error in the parameters. In contrast, RFO is sensitive to variations in leakage and magnetizing inductances. When detuned, RFO yields reduced torque capability and poorer torque/ampere ratio, or even static instability. Digital simulation also shows that SFO can have dynamic response comparable to tuned RFO.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"936 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116198618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Process control systems, as the result of high initial cost and impact on productivity and quality, require both effective and appropriate investment evaluation. Both quantitative methods and qualitative factors are discussed, with examples given of how they might be applied to a typical glass manufacturing project. Essential to any approach is the determination of project cost limitations prior to surveying available alternatives. Several effective methods of reducing scope and cost are also discussed from a design firm's point of view.<>
{"title":"Cost justification methods for process control in the glass industry","authors":"P. Fisher","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25194","url":null,"abstract":"Process control systems, as the result of high initial cost and impact on productivity and quality, require both effective and appropriate investment evaluation. Both quantitative methods and qualitative factors are discussed, with examples given of how they might be applied to a typical glass manufacturing project. Essential to any approach is the determination of project cost limitations prior to surveying available alternatives. Several effective methods of reducing scope and cost are also discussed from a design firm's point of view.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116710173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utilities construct various power system network configurations to service their customers are economically as possible and maintain continuity and quality of service. The authors present a case study of a customer's sensitive computerized processes, which were significantly affected by power-supply disturbances when their system was connected to an existing unproblematic power-system network configuration. The utility conducted an experiment to locate the origins of the power system disturbances by monitoring at several test site locations the disturbances generated by various normal utility activities (e.g. breaker operations, capacitor switching, etc.) and the operations of existing customer loads (e.g. motor starting). The methodology presented demonstrates that power system disturbance problems can be quickly resolved through field tests as opposed to theoretical analysis which can be problematic (e.g. due to lack of available data) and time-consuming.<>
{"title":"Power system disturbances caused by a utility's normal operations","authors":"D. Koval, A. Palladino","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25252","url":null,"abstract":"Utilities construct various power system network configurations to service their customers are economically as possible and maintain continuity and quality of service. The authors present a case study of a customer's sensitive computerized processes, which were significantly affected by power-supply disturbances when their system was connected to an existing unproblematic power-system network configuration. The utility conducted an experiment to locate the origins of the power system disturbances by monitoring at several test site locations the disturbances generated by various normal utility activities (e.g. breaker operations, capacitor switching, etc.) and the operations of existing customer loads (e.g. motor starting). The methodology presented demonstrates that power system disturbance problems can be quickly resolved through field tests as opposed to theoretical analysis which can be problematic (e.g. due to lack of available data) and time-consuming.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131979271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SIRET is an n-p-n power transistor with a large safe operating area for applications up to 20 kHz and more. Measurements of the power dissipation are presented and compared to measurements on other power devices. The results were obtained by thermal measurements and compared to the results of the calculation of the product of voltage and current as a function of time. The calculation requires the correction for the time delay introduced by the current probe and preamplifier as well as signal distortions introduced by unavoidable parasitic elements. The results of switchable current vs. frequency were found at constant power dissipation on four different devices: a SIRET, two IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors), and a power MOSFET. The most suitable application areas of these devices are discussed.<>
{"title":"Switching losses of the new SIRET-a comparison to other medium-power devices","authors":"H. Schmid","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25122","url":null,"abstract":"The SIRET is an n-p-n power transistor with a large safe operating area for applications up to 20 kHz and more. Measurements of the power dissipation are presented and compared to measurements on other power devices. The results were obtained by thermal measurements and compared to the results of the calculation of the product of voltage and current as a function of time. The calculation requires the correction for the time delay introduced by the current probe and preamplifier as well as signal distortions introduced by unavoidable parasitic elements. The results of switchable current vs. frequency were found at constant power dissipation on four different devices: a SIRET, two IGBTs (insulated-gate bipolar transistors), and a power MOSFET. The most suitable application areas of these devices are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128236581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors use a previously developed model for the brushless DC motor (BDCM) to investigate its torque behavior. When the input currents and motor flux linkages are perfect, no torque pulsations are produced in this motor. However, imperfections in the current arise due to finite commutation times, while imperfections in the flux linkage can arise due to the phase spread, finite slot numbers and manufacturing tolerances. Using an harmonic analysis, the effects of these imperfections on the production of torque in a BDCM are investigated. It is shown that torque pulsations and a reduction in the average value of torque is produced, both of which can affect the performance of torque, speed, and position servos.<>
{"title":"An investigation into the torque behavior of a brushless DC motor drive","authors":"P. Pillay, R. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25064","url":null,"abstract":"The authors use a previously developed model for the brushless DC motor (BDCM) to investigate its torque behavior. When the input currents and motor flux linkages are perfect, no torque pulsations are produced in this motor. However, imperfections in the current arise due to finite commutation times, while imperfections in the flux linkage can arise due to the phase spread, finite slot numbers and manufacturing tolerances. Using an harmonic analysis, the effects of these imperfections on the production of torque in a BDCM are investigated. It is shown that torque pulsations and a reduction in the average value of torque is produced, both of which can affect the performance of torque, speed, and position servos.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133789052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The elements for specifying efficient fluorescent fixtures are discussed from an applications perspective. Of particular concern is the selection of fixtures and the combination of components for an efficient installation. Included is basic information on fixture and optical element efficiency, lamp and ballast performance, and lighting-system maintenance. Comparisons are made between different fluorescent lighting alternatives. The information presented provides a basic review of large-lamp fluorescent technology basics and techniques for system evaluation. Typical applications include commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities.<>
{"title":"Specifying energy efficiency in new fluorescent fixtures","authors":"M.F. Neils","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25313","url":null,"abstract":"The elements for specifying efficient fluorescent fixtures are discussed from an applications perspective. Of particular concern is the selection of fixtures and the combination of components for an efficient installation. Included is basic information on fixture and optical element efficiency, lamp and ballast performance, and lighting-system maintenance. Comparisons are made between different fluorescent lighting alternatives. The information presented provides a basic review of large-lamp fluorescent technology basics and techniques for system evaluation. Typical applications include commercial, industrial, and institutional facilities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134175049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A description is given of two control techniques to enhance the performance of the interior permanent magnet (IPM) drive over an extended speed range. The first technique is a feedforward compensation algorithm that improves the performance of current regulators operating in the stationary reference frame. Speed-dependent back-EMF (electromotive force) and inductive voltage drops are compensated, so that steady-state current errors are nulled at all speeds until current regulator saturation limits are encountered. The second technique is a flux-weakening control algorithm which uses stator current components to prevent premature current regulator saturation, thereby improving the machine's torque production capabilities at high speeds. Neither algorithms requires additional feedback signals from the motor beyond those already used in the preexisting controls, and they are relatively insensitive to variations in the machine parameters, despite their feedforward characteristics.<>
{"title":"Control techniques for improved high-speed performance of interior PM synchronous motor drives","authors":"S. R. Macminn, T. Jahns","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25074","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of two control techniques to enhance the performance of the interior permanent magnet (IPM) drive over an extended speed range. The first technique is a feedforward compensation algorithm that improves the performance of current regulators operating in the stationary reference frame. Speed-dependent back-EMF (electromotive force) and inductive voltage drops are compensated, so that steady-state current errors are nulled at all speeds until current regulator saturation limits are encountered. The second technique is a flux-weakening control algorithm which uses stator current components to prevent premature current regulator saturation, thereby improving the machine's torque production capabilities at high speeds. Neither algorithms requires additional feedback signals from the motor beyond those already used in the preexisting controls, and they are relatively insensitive to variations in the machine parameters, despite their feedforward characteristics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134511946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel method for analyzing generalized M-phase mains or force-commutated AC-DC converter circuits is described. The method utilizes the switched-function modulation lemma. As a result, the computation process of AC voltage and current as well as DC voltage and current is systematized. The harmonic contents of these variables are obtained in the closed form. One of the main features of this method of harmonic spectral analysis is the saving in computational time achieved when the harmonic spectral analysis is all that is required. This is because the program separates the calculation of harmonic spectral response from the calculation of the time-domain response. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the technique.<>
{"title":"A novel method of simulating the steady state performance of a generalized M-phase thyristor controlled bridge converter","authors":"Yaozhong Xu, V. I. John, G. Dawson","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25189","url":null,"abstract":"A novel method for analyzing generalized M-phase mains or force-commutated AC-DC converter circuits is described. The method utilizes the switched-function modulation lemma. As a result, the computation process of AC voltage and current as well as DC voltage and current is systematized. The harmonic contents of these variables are obtained in the closed form. One of the main features of this method of harmonic spectral analysis is the saving in computational time achieved when the harmonic spectral analysis is all that is required. This is because the program separates the calculation of harmonic spectral response from the calculation of the time-domain response. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the technique.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126968370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple speed observer has been studied to improve the transient behavior of digitally-controlled DC motor drives at very low speeds. The motor speed is estimated simply using the machine electrical equation. To correct the estimation error two methods are discussed. The simulation results validated by experiments show that the gain correction is more powerful than an additive correction. Using this method the estimated speed is always acceptable because the observer parameters converge to the ideal values. This type of speed observer is also simpler to implement than a state observer because of lesser computation. It is thus well suited for microprocessor-based control systems.<>
{"title":"A simple speed observer for digitally controlled motor drives at low speeds","authors":"J. Rognon, D. Roye, D.S. Zhu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25088","url":null,"abstract":"A simple speed observer has been studied to improve the transient behavior of digitally-controlled DC motor drives at very low speeds. The motor speed is estimated simply using the machine electrical equation. To correct the estimation error two methods are discussed. The simulation results validated by experiments show that the gain correction is more powerful than an additive correction. Using this method the estimated speed is always acceptable because the observer parameters converge to the ideal values. This type of speed observer is also simpler to implement than a state observer because of lesser computation. It is thus well suited for microprocessor-based control systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116141484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors develop a linear model of a vector-controlled permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) from the nonlinear model and present the overall transfer function. They also develop digital models for a vector-controlled PMSM drive system with single-rate and multirate sampling. This model is used to investigate the effects of the sampling time on the stability of the drive system.<>
{"title":"Development of digital models for a vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive","authors":"Pragasen Pillay, R. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1988.25103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1988.25103","url":null,"abstract":"The authors develop a linear model of a vector-controlled permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) from the nonlinear model and present the overall transfer function. They also develop digital models for a vector-controlled PMSM drive system with single-rate and multirate sampling. This model is used to investigate the effects of the sampling time on the stability of the drive system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":274766,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1988 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124762023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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