Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666595
V.C. Joseph, K.K. Lucky, G.N.S. Mohan Rao
The session initiation protocol (SIP) is the IETF signaling protocol for VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) and other text and multimedia sessions. 3GPP has begun the evolution to "all IP access" with the introduction of MSC Server-SGSN split in Release 4 and subsequent introduction of the IP multimedia sub-system (IMS) in Release 5 and 6. The long term evolution of 3GPP strives to achieve seamless mobility with the evolved-RAN (E-UTRAN) and inter-working with multiple access technologies over the common core network based on IP-all IP access network (AIPN). The arrival of mobility in the broadband systems such as 802.16e and 802.20 has propelled the industry trend towards ubiquity and seamless mobility irrespective of the access technology. SIP works as an application layer signaling protocol over the IMS infrastructure to facilitate convergence between the broadband providers and wireless carriers. This paper delivers the convergence model for inter-working and handovers using SIP over the IMS infrastructure. We propose the enhancement of SIP towards real-time conversational multimedia session transfer to realize the full potential of all IP access networks
SIP (session initiation protocol)是用于VoIP (voice over Internet protocol)和其他文本、多媒体会话的IETF信令协议。3GPP已经开始向“全IP访问”发展，在第4版中引入了MSC Server-SGSN分割，随后在第5和第6版中引入了IP多媒体子系统(IMS)。3GPP的长期演进致力于通过演进ran (E-UTRAN)实现无缝移动性，并通过基于IP-all IP接入网(AIPN)的公共核心网与多种接入技术互通。宽带系统中移动性的到来，如802.16e和802.20，推动了行业走向无处不在和无缝移动性的趋势，无论接入技术如何。SIP作为IMS基础设施上的应用层信令协议，促进宽带提供商和无线运营商之间的融合。本文给出了在IMS基础设施上使用SIP进行互通和移交的融合模型。为了充分发挥所有IP接入网的潜力，我们建议将SIP技术改进为实时会话式多媒体会话传输
{"title":"SIP as an enabler for convergence in future wireless communication networks","authors":"V.C. Joseph, K.K. Lucky, G.N.S. Mohan Rao","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666595","url":null,"abstract":"The session initiation protocol (SIP) is the IETF signaling protocol for VoIP (voice over Internet protocol) and other text and multimedia sessions. 3GPP has begun the evolution to \"all IP access\" with the introduction of MSC Server-SGSN split in Release 4 and subsequent introduction of the IP multimedia sub-system (IMS) in Release 5 and 6. The long term evolution of 3GPP strives to achieve seamless mobility with the evolved-RAN (E-UTRAN) and inter-working with multiple access technologies over the common core network based on IP-all IP access network (AIPN). The arrival of mobility in the broadband systems such as 802.16e and 802.20 has propelled the industry trend towards ubiquity and seamless mobility irrespective of the access technology. SIP works as an application layer signaling protocol over the IMS infrastructure to facilitate convergence between the broadband providers and wireless carriers. This paper delivers the convergence model for inter-working and handovers using SIP over the IMS infrastructure. We propose the enhancement of SIP towards real-time conversational multimedia session transfer to realize the full potential of all IP access networks","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126010184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666575
Vincent Guyot
Nowadays, with the normalization of the 802.11 standard and the emerging of Wi-Fi low cost devices, many testbeds use this wireless technology to realize ad-hoc networks. The 802.11 security protocol, WEP, has not been designed by security experts. It results in a flawed protocol. The secret key shared between all 802.11 devices can be retrieved by attackers which are passively collecting data over the wireless network. TKIP, which solves this problem by periodically refreshing the keys between the access points and the wireless clients, has been standardized. But 802.11 ad-hoc networks remain unsafe. We address the problem of security in ad-hoc environments by using smart cards to handle the actual WEP-based 802.11 networking adapters to refresh the WEP key, like TKIP does in infrastructure environments
{"title":"Using WEP in ad-hoc networks","authors":"Vincent Guyot","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666575","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, with the normalization of the 802.11 standard and the emerging of Wi-Fi low cost devices, many testbeds use this wireless technology to realize ad-hoc networks. The 802.11 security protocol, WEP, has not been designed by security experts. It results in a flawed protocol. The secret key shared between all 802.11 devices can be retrieved by attackers which are passively collecting data over the wireless network. TKIP, which solves this problem by periodically refreshing the keys between the access points and the wireless clients, has been standardized. But 802.11 ad-hoc networks remain unsafe. We address the problem of security in ad-hoc environments by using smart cards to handle the actual WEP-based 802.11 networking adapters to refresh the WEP key, like TKIP does in infrastructure environments","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116121701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666611
S. Karim, I. Islam, A. Hossain
In this paper array antenna concept along with symbol coding is applied at base station (BS) side to enhance channel capacity of a mobile cellular network keeping single antenna at mobile station (MS) side. Using this scheme, performance of a wireless network could be improved considerably within the limited dynamic range of transmitter. The performance improvement is achieved without any channel knowledge prior transmission
{"title":"Performance analysis of multiple antennas BS and single antenna MS link of mobile cellular network","authors":"S. Karim, I. Islam, A. Hossain","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666611","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper array antenna concept along with symbol coding is applied at base station (BS) side to enhance channel capacity of a mobile cellular network keeping single antenna at mobile station (MS) side. Using this scheme, performance of a wireless network could be improved considerably within the limited dynamic range of transmitter. The performance improvement is achieved without any channel knowledge prior transmission","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128103161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666681
K. Nallaperumal, R. Selvakumar, S. Radhakrishnan, K. Arulmozhi, J. Varghese, K. Krishnaveni
This paper describes a robust, oblivious data embedding scheme which uses lattice vector quantization. The embedding is done in the DCT domain. The signature image is vector quantized and the indices obtained are coded using error-correcting codes (BCH codes). The codewords obtained are multiplied by a scaling factor and perturbed into the DCT coefficients of the host image which is lattice vector quantized. Experimental results of the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the watermarked image for different host images and the PSNR of the recovered signature image for different values of scaling factors stand a testimony for the validity of this method
{"title":"An efficient approach to data hiding based on lattice vector quantization","authors":"K. Nallaperumal, R. Selvakumar, S. Radhakrishnan, K. Arulmozhi, J. Varghese, K. Krishnaveni","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a robust, oblivious data embedding scheme which uses lattice vector quantization. The embedding is done in the DCT domain. The signature image is vector quantized and the indices obtained are coded using error-correcting codes (BCH codes). The codewords obtained are multiplied by a scaling factor and perturbed into the DCT coefficients of the host image which is lattice vector quantized. Experimental results of the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of the watermarked image for different host images and the PSNR of the recovered signature image for different values of scaling factors stand a testimony for the validity of this method","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130715308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666535
Wang Xiaoyi, Qu Yajiang
cdma2000 Ix EV-DO Rev.A reverse link adopts dynamic transmission rate technique which allows efficient data transmission with variable data rate according to the channel conditions and system load. Because in reverse link (RL), a higher data rate means a stronger interference, the algorithm of allocating data rate to AT (access terminal) is critical to an interference limited wireless system. Currently, proportional fair scheduling is adopted in cdma2000 1x EV-DO Rev. A forward link, which can make a degree of balance between fairness and throughput. However, it doesn't suit for reverse link. This paper gives an enhanced proportional fair algorithm for reverse link. And simulation results are present to demonstrate the impact of new algorithm
cdma2000 Ix EV-DO Rev.A反向链路采用动态传输速率技术，可以根据信道条件和系统负载的不同，以可变的数据速率进行高效的数据传输。由于在反向链路(RL)中，数据速率越高意味着干扰越强，因此向AT(接入终端)分配数据速率的算法对于限制干扰的无线系统至关重要。目前cdma2000 1x EV-DO Rev. A转发链路采用比例公平调度，可以在公平性和吞吐量之间取得一定程度的平衡。但是，它不适合反向链接。提出了一种增强的反向链路比例公平算法。仿真结果验证了新算法的有效性
{"title":"Enhanced proportional fair scheduling for cdma2000 1x EV-DO reverse link","authors":"Wang Xiaoyi, Qu Yajiang","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666535","url":null,"abstract":"cdma2000 Ix EV-DO Rev.A reverse link adopts dynamic transmission rate technique which allows efficient data transmission with variable data rate according to the channel conditions and system load. Because in reverse link (RL), a higher data rate means a stronger interference, the algorithm of allocating data rate to AT (access terminal) is critical to an interference limited wireless system. Currently, proportional fair scheduling is adopted in cdma2000 1x EV-DO Rev. A forward link, which can make a degree of balance between fairness and throughput. However, it doesn't suit for reverse link. This paper gives an enhanced proportional fair algorithm for reverse link. And simulation results are present to demonstrate the impact of new algorithm","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127999441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666637
S. Prakash Singh, S. Kar, V. Jain
Four-wave mixing (FWM) is a dominant non-linear effect present in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks employing dispersion shifted fiber (i.e., G.653 compliant fiber). To reduce the number of FWM components generated, unequally spaced channel allocation scheme is used. However, it results in increased bandwidth. To overcome this problem, modified periodically unequally spaced channel allocation (PUSCA) scheme can be used which results in fewer FWM components and efficient bandwidth utilization. To further reduce the number of FWM components, paired PUSCA method can be employed. In this paper, a comparative study of both the methods has been made. A figure of merit, defined as the ratio of increase in weighted average signal to FWM noise ratio to increase in bandwidth for a given scheme has been used as a metric of performance. Further, the performance of paired PUSCA scheme on G.653 fiber has been compared with equally spaced channel allocation (ESCA) scheme on G.652 fiber in which FWM is not a dominant non-linear effect. It has been observed that paired PUSCA on G.653 fiber performs better than ESCA on G.652 fiber when the number of channels is less than 30
{"title":"An approach to reduce four-wave mixing effect on existing G.653 fibers for WDM applications","authors":"S. Prakash Singh, S. Kar, V. Jain","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666637","url":null,"abstract":"Four-wave mixing (FWM) is a dominant non-linear effect present in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks employing dispersion shifted fiber (i.e., G.653 compliant fiber). To reduce the number of FWM components generated, unequally spaced channel allocation scheme is used. However, it results in increased bandwidth. To overcome this problem, modified periodically unequally spaced channel allocation (PUSCA) scheme can be used which results in fewer FWM components and efficient bandwidth utilization. To further reduce the number of FWM components, paired PUSCA method can be employed. In this paper, a comparative study of both the methods has been made. A figure of merit, defined as the ratio of increase in weighted average signal to FWM noise ratio to increase in bandwidth for a given scheme has been used as a metric of performance. Further, the performance of paired PUSCA scheme on G.653 fiber has been compared with equally spaced channel allocation (ESCA) scheme on G.652 fiber in which FWM is not a dominant non-linear effect. It has been observed that paired PUSCA on G.653 fiber performs better than ESCA on G.652 fiber when the number of channels is less than 30","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131287363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666533
R. Saeed, S. Khatun, B. Ali, M. Abdullah
Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging approach for a more efficient usage of the precious radio spectrum resources, which it considers an expanded view of the wireless channel by managing and adapting various dimensions of time, frequency, space, power, and coding. In this paper, we define the system requirements for cognitive radio, as well as the general architecture and basic physical and link layer functions. In order to self-adapt the UWB pulse shape parameters and maximize system capacity while co-exist with in-band legacy NB systems (WiFi and FWA) in the surrounding environments
{"title":"Ultra-wideband interference mitigation using cross-layer cognitive radio","authors":"R. Saeed, S. Khatun, B. Ali, M. Abdullah","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666533","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Radio (CR) is an emerging approach for a more efficient usage of the precious radio spectrum resources, which it considers an expanded view of the wireless channel by managing and adapting various dimensions of time, frequency, space, power, and coding. In this paper, we define the system requirements for cognitive radio, as well as the general architecture and basic physical and link layer functions. In order to self-adapt the UWB pulse shape parameters and maximize system capacity while co-exist with in-band legacy NB systems (WiFi and FWA) in the surrounding environments","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125603904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666636
Paramjeet Singh, Ajay K Sharma, S. Rani, Surinder Singh
Routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) is the problem to select a suitable path and wavelength among the many possible choices for each connection such that no two paths using the same wavelength pass through the same link. In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, there is a need to maximize the number of connections established and to minimize the blocking probability using limited resources. This paper presents efficient RWA strategies, which minimizes the blocking probability. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed strategies is much better than the existing strategy
{"title":"Routing and wavelength assignment in WDM optical networks","authors":"Paramjeet Singh, Ajay K Sharma, S. Rani, Surinder Singh","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666636","url":null,"abstract":"Routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) is the problem to select a suitable path and wavelength among the many possible choices for each connection such that no two paths using the same wavelength pass through the same link. In wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks, there is a need to maximize the number of connections established and to minimize the blocking probability using limited resources. This paper presents efficient RWA strategies, which minimizes the blocking probability. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed strategies is much better than the existing strategy","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129274415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666631
Jianjun Wu, Qinglin Liang, Haige Xiang
Noncoherent receivers are attractive for pulsed UWB systems due to the implementation simplicity. In this paper, a noncoherent receiver structure with an integration optimization scheme of multiple sub-intervals selection is proposed to alleviate the noise effect in detecting UWB-PPM signals. Based on the derivation and modification of the BER performance closed-form expression of the conventional noncoherent receiver, the optimization algorithm is presented and verified numerically, the corresponding receiver presents obvious enhancement to the conventional noncoherent receiver, and in sparse multipath channels even outperforms those with conventional integration optimization of single-interval constraint
{"title":"Noncoherent UWB-PPM receiver with multiple sub-intervals selective integration optimization","authors":"Jianjun Wu, Qinglin Liang, Haige Xiang","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666631","url":null,"abstract":"Noncoherent receivers are attractive for pulsed UWB systems due to the implementation simplicity. In this paper, a noncoherent receiver structure with an integration optimization scheme of multiple sub-intervals selection is proposed to alleviate the noise effect in detecting UWB-PPM signals. Based on the derivation and modification of the BER performance closed-form expression of the conventional noncoherent receiver, the optimization algorithm is presented and verified numerically, the corresponding receiver presents obvious enhancement to the conventional noncoherent receiver, and in sparse multipath channels even outperforms those with conventional integration optimization of single-interval constraint","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131601741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-08-07DOI: 10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666667
S. Ponmalar, S. Sundaravadivelu, L. Suresh
The photonic integrated circuits can be designed by analyzing optical waveguide structures with different types of gratings. The periodic coupling is analyzed for these waveguide structures using coupled mode theory, for both phase matched and non-phase matched conditions. The variations of coupling lengths based on refractive indices differences, operating wavelengths and separation between waveguides are analyzed and obtained the results. The difficulties of integrating the available optical components, which are in all fiber form, in photonic integrated circuits are conquered by these couplers. Integrated optics provides a solution to integrating these components on a single substrate, which miniaturizes the component. By analyzing different waveguide structures, components like optical couplers, wavelength filters, power dividers, polarization transformers etc. can be designed. This paper proposes rectangular, triangular and sinusoidal ridge waveguide structures that act as optical couplers, which provide better coupling efficiency
{"title":"Analysis and evaluation of various optical waveguide grating couplers for integrated optics","authors":"S. Ponmalar, S. Sundaravadivelu, L. Suresh","doi":"10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WOCN.2006.1666667","url":null,"abstract":"The photonic integrated circuits can be designed by analyzing optical waveguide structures with different types of gratings. The periodic coupling is analyzed for these waveguide structures using coupled mode theory, for both phase matched and non-phase matched conditions. The variations of coupling lengths based on refractive indices differences, operating wavelengths and separation between waveguides are analyzed and obtained the results. The difficulties of integrating the available optical components, which are in all fiber form, in photonic integrated circuits are conquered by these couplers. Integrated optics provides a solution to integrating these components on a single substrate, which miniaturizes the component. By analyzing different waveguide structures, components like optical couplers, wavelength filters, power dividers, polarization transformers etc. can be designed. This paper proposes rectangular, triangular and sinusoidal ridge waveguide structures that act as optical couplers, which provide better coupling efficiency","PeriodicalId":275012,"journal":{"name":"2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks","volume":"31 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120995822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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