Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.071603
A. Kazeem, Amkpa Job Ajala, M. Rady, N. Badarulzaman, W. F. W. Ali
Hardness (H) may not be sufficed as a property the same way density (ρ) felt short as a measure of physical property, hence there is the need to correlate H with other property (ies). The porous nature of the material, dislocations and addition of constituents to the aluminium matrix affect the conductivity (Ծ) of alloys among other defects. In this article, attempt to fill the gap in recycling beverage can (RBC) for bumper beam applications was made by producing a 7xxx alloy from 3xxx alloy. About 80 % of the raw materials used in this alloy were sourced from secondary means. Stir casting route was adapted. Aluminium (Al) chips, 70 % Cu- 30 % Al, Manganese (Mn) and Magnesium (Mg) were charged in that order. The relationship between Ծ, H and ρ of the new alloy was established in the As-Cast (AC), annealed (O), natural aged (T4) and artificial aged (T6) conditions. In AC, an alloy of Al- 4.0 Zn-1.5Mg-0.35Cu-Mn recorded the peak obtainable Ծ and H of 3.7x107 m/S and 113.06 Hv with a ρ of 2.7464 g/ cm-3. The same alloy recorded peak Ծ and H in the O condition of 3.7x107 m/S and 102.6 Hv, whereas the ρ was 2.752 g/ cm-3. The T4 heat treatment (HT) deviated when the peak Ծ was 3.7x107 m/S, H and ρ were 58.94 Hv and 2.7551 g/ cm-3 respectively. T6 conditioned alloys delivered peak Ծ of 3.7x107 m/S in an alloy of Al- 4.0 Zn-1.5Mg-0.35Cu-Mn with a ρ of 2.7853 g/cm-3 and 60.26 Hv. HT and formation of precipitates were detrimental to Ծ and beneficial to H. Curve fittings were obtained and used in developing linear models for the relationship between H and Ծ within respective conditions unique to the experimental alloys.
{"title":"Correlating Conductivity with Hardness and Density in X7475 Alloys for Development of Linear Hardness Model","authors":"A. Kazeem, Amkpa Job Ajala, M. Rady, N. Badarulzaman, W. F. W. Ali","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.071603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.071603","url":null,"abstract":"Hardness (H) may not be sufficed as a property the same way density (ρ) felt short as a measure of physical property, hence there is the need to correlate H with other property (ies). The porous nature of the material, dislocations and addition of constituents to the aluminium matrix affect the conductivity (Ծ) of alloys among other defects. In this article, attempt to fill the gap in recycling beverage can (RBC) for bumper beam applications was made by producing a 7xxx alloy from 3xxx alloy. About 80 % of the raw materials used in this alloy were sourced from secondary means. Stir casting route was adapted. Aluminium (Al) chips, 70 % Cu- 30 % Al, Manganese (Mn) and Magnesium (Mg) were charged in that order. The relationship between Ծ, H and ρ of the new alloy was established in the As-Cast (AC), annealed (O), natural aged (T4) and artificial aged (T6) conditions. In AC, an alloy of Al- 4.0 Zn-1.5Mg-0.35Cu-Mn recorded the peak obtainable Ծ and H of 3.7x107 m/S and 113.06 Hv with a ρ of 2.7464 g/ cm-3. The same alloy recorded peak Ծ and H in the O condition of 3.7x107 m/S and 102.6 Hv, whereas the ρ was 2.752 g/ cm-3. The T4 heat treatment (HT) deviated when the peak Ծ was 3.7x107 m/S, H and ρ were 58.94 Hv and 2.7551 g/ cm-3 respectively. T6 conditioned alloys delivered peak Ծ of 3.7x107 m/S in an alloy of Al- 4.0 Zn-1.5Mg-0.35Cu-Mn with a ρ of 2.7853 g/cm-3 and 60.26 Hv. HT and formation of precipitates were detrimental to Ծ and beneficial to H. Curve fittings were obtained and used in developing linear models for the relationship between H and Ծ within respective conditions unique to the experimental alloys.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"601 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123186635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070604
H. Nguyen, N. Ngo
The vibration integrated into die-sinking electrical discharge machining is a relatively new solution, so it has been creating the interest of researchers. In this paper, the authors studied the effect of low frequency vibration attached onto workpiece to efficiency of die- sinking electrical discharge machining. Copper electrode and SKD61 die steel were selected to investigate. Material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness were quality indicators investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that the low frequency vibration has a positive effect on the efficiency of die-sinking electrical discharge machining. Comparing to die- sinking electrical discharge machining traditional, when the vibration unit is integrated onto work-piece in die-sinking electrical discharge machining, the largest increase of material removal rate was 34.94 %, the greatest reduction of tool wear rate was 16.0 % and the largest reduction of surface roughness was 26.36 % and profile of machined surface was better.
{"title":"Study on Effects of Low Frequency Vibration on Efficiency of Die Sinking Electrical Discharge Machining","authors":"H. Nguyen, N. Ngo","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070604","url":null,"abstract":"The vibration integrated into die-sinking electrical discharge machining is a relatively new solution, so it has been creating the interest of researchers. In this paper, the authors studied the effect of low frequency vibration attached onto workpiece to efficiency of die- sinking electrical discharge machining. Copper electrode and SKD61 die steel were selected to investigate. Material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness were quality indicators investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that the low frequency vibration has a positive effect on the efficiency of die-sinking electrical discharge machining. Comparing to die- sinking electrical discharge machining traditional, when the vibration unit is integrated onto work-piece in die-sinking electrical discharge machining, the largest increase of material removal rate was 34.94 %, the greatest reduction of tool wear rate was 16.0 % and the largest reduction of surface roughness was 26.36 % and profile of machined surface was better.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133363683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070602
A. Redjechta, F. Djeddou, H. Ferhat
The objective of this work is to perform a synthesis of a cam mechanism of the first species, with translating flat-face follower, based on deterministic and probabilistic approaches. The study consists of two parts: the first consists of optimization of the mechanism to obtain an optimal size and ensure a more efficient operation, taking into account the three major parameters that generally influence the design of this type mechanism, namely the base radius of the cam, the length of the plate and the eccentricity of the rod. In addition, the constraints related to the performance and resistance indicators as well as the geometric conditions are taken into account. The second part of this work is devoted to the reliability analysis whose probability of system failure is estimated by the approximate methods: FORM / SORM and Monte Carlo simulation, using the software Phimeca Software. Sensitivity measurements have demonstrated their effectiveness on system reliability by making it more robust.
{"title":"Deterministic Optimization and Reliability Analysis of a Cam Mechanism with Translating Flat-Face Follower","authors":"A. Redjechta, F. Djeddou, H. Ferhat","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070602","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to perform a synthesis of a cam mechanism of the first species, with translating flat-face follower, based on deterministic and probabilistic approaches. The study consists of two parts: the first consists of optimization of the mechanism to obtain an optimal size and ensure a more efficient operation, taking into account the three major parameters that generally influence the design of this type mechanism, namely the base radius of the cam, the length of the plate and the eccentricity of the rod. In addition, the constraints related to the performance and resistance indicators as well as the geometric conditions are taken into account. The second part of this work is devoted to the reliability analysis whose probability of system failure is estimated by the approximate methods: FORM / SORM and Monte Carlo simulation, using the software Phimeca Software. Sensitivity measurements have demonstrated their effectiveness on system reliability by making it more robust.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130176628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070610
Khemisara Kulmart, N. Pochai
The purpose of this research was to develop a mathematical model for controlling salinity intrusion in Chao Phraya River, Thailand, using one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. There have been many research studies that applied a mathematical model called dispersion model to estimating salinity concentration. Our proposed dispersion model is simple, using very few parameters, but can simulate salinity intrusion adequately. We used MacCormack scheme to approximate salinity intrusion and cubic spline interpolation technique to approximate field data including initial salinity concentrations and the concentrations at the left boundary. The MacCormack scheme and Cubic Spline interpolation technique were quite suitable for approximating real data, and the proposed mathematical model was able to predict salinity intrusion adequately.
{"title":"Simulation of Salinity Intrusion in Chao Phraya River by a Developed Mathematical Model and MacCormack Scheme with Cubic Spline Interpolation","authors":"Khemisara Kulmart, N. Pochai","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070610","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to develop a mathematical model for controlling salinity intrusion in Chao Phraya River, Thailand, using one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation. There have been many research studies that applied a mathematical model called dispersion model to estimating salinity concentration. Our proposed dispersion model is simple, using very few parameters, but can simulate salinity intrusion adequately. We used MacCormack scheme to approximate salinity intrusion and cubic spline interpolation technique to approximate field data including initial salinity concentrations and the concentrations at the left boundary. The MacCormack scheme and Cubic Spline interpolation technique were quite suitable for approximating real data, and the proposed mathematical model was able to predict salinity intrusion adequately.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116861268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070609
M. I. Rokhim, M. Yob, M. J. A. Latif, F. Munir
I-beam is widely used as main structures in the automotive and oil and gas industries due to their ability to sustain axial load at very minimum weight. For any structure, the important parameter should put into considerations are strength and stiffness. A Three-point bending test is a well-known method to evaluate the strength and stiffness of a beam. The existing machine to perform a three-point bending test is the Instron® 5585 Universal Testing Machines (UTM). However, these machines can only measure specimen within 500 mm which is insufficient for a longer specimen. In this study, a new design testing rig was proposed to evaluate the strength and stiffness of the longer specimen of I-beam. For this study, the design of the testing rig was evaluated using finite element analysis for 3 different lengths to determine its strength and rigidity. From this analysis, it is found that the proposed design of a testing rig shows satisfactory strength and rigidity for the length of 500 mm to 1000 mm when loaded with 10 kN force.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of a Three-Point Bending Test Rig to Evaluate Strength and Stiffness of I-Beam","authors":"M. I. Rokhim, M. Yob, M. J. A. Latif, F. Munir","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070609","url":null,"abstract":"I-beam is widely used as main structures in the automotive and oil and gas industries due to their ability to sustain axial load at very minimum weight. For any structure, the important parameter should put into considerations are strength and stiffness. A Three-point bending test is a well-known method to evaluate the strength and stiffness of a beam. The existing machine to perform a three-point bending test is the Instron® 5585 Universal Testing Machines (UTM). However, these machines can only measure specimen within 500 mm which is insufficient for a longer specimen. In this study, a new design testing rig was proposed to evaluate the strength and stiffness of the longer specimen of I-beam. For this study, the design of the testing rig was evaluated using finite element analysis for 3 different lengths to determine its strength and rigidity. From this analysis, it is found that the proposed design of a testing rig shows satisfactory strength and rigidity for the length of 500 mm to 1000 mm when loaded with 10 kN force.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"500 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133273441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070605
J. J. Kumar, G. Diwakar, V. Satyanarayana
In the current research, pressure bearing capacity of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel is evaluated under fatigue loading through finite element method (ANSYS 18.1) for a specimen with no notch on its surface. Thereafter, the pressure bearing capacity of the same specimen is evaluated with rectangular and V-notches at the center. The notch geometry is changed in terms of its width, depth and the notch central angle (perimeter length) for each of the rectangular and V-notched cases. Fifteen types of rectangular notch and V-notch geometries are undertaken for the research as required by Box-Behnken model of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the impact of notch geometry on the pressure bearing capacity under fatigue loading conditions. It is observed that fatigue life degraded more with V-notched specimens when compared to rectangular notched ones. Regression equations are developed and surface plots are generated for both rectangular and V-notch cases for the pressure bearing capacity which is dependent on width, depth and notch central angle.
{"title":"Impact of Notch Geometry on the Pressure Bearing Capacity of AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel under Fatigue Loading","authors":"J. J. Kumar, G. Diwakar, V. Satyanarayana","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070605","url":null,"abstract":"In the current research, pressure bearing capacity of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel is evaluated under fatigue loading through finite element method (ANSYS 18.1) for a specimen with no notch on its surface. Thereafter, the pressure bearing capacity of the same specimen is evaluated with rectangular and V-notches at the center. The notch geometry is changed in terms of its width, depth and the notch central angle (perimeter length) for each of the rectangular and V-notched cases. Fifteen types of rectangular notch and V-notch geometries are undertaken for the research as required by Box-Behnken model of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the impact of notch geometry on the pressure bearing capacity under fatigue loading conditions. It is observed that fatigue life degraded more with V-notched specimens when compared to rectangular notched ones. Regression equations are developed and surface plots are generated for both rectangular and V-notch cases for the pressure bearing capacity which is dependent on width, depth and notch central angle.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125572416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070612
Q. Hsu, The-Vinh Do, Thi-Nguyen Nguyen
In this study, the efficiency of minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) was demonstrated during hard-milling of AISI H13 steel with a carbide-coated (TiAlN) cutting tool. A comparative analysis was done to prove the effectiveness of MQL versus the dry cutting method based on certain process parameters such as surface roughness and cutting force. The L27 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method was used for designing the experiment. An analysis of the influence of cutting parameters including cutting-speed, feed-rate, depth-of-cut and hardness-of-workpiece on the cutting force and the surface roughness was carried out by using the response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result shows that under both of the cutting conditions (MQL and dry), feed rate and depth-of-cut are main factors affecting surface roughness and cutting force. Further, quadratic mathematical models for predicting cutting force and surface roughness under dry cutting and MQL conditions were established. The analysis of the roughness and the cutting force showed the outstanding effectiveness of MQL when compared with dry cutting.
{"title":"Minimum Quantity Lubricant: A Beneficial Application in Hard-Milling of AISI H13 Steel","authors":"Q. Hsu, The-Vinh Do, Thi-Nguyen Nguyen","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070612","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the efficiency of minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) was demonstrated during hard-milling of AISI H13 steel with a carbide-coated (TiAlN) cutting tool. A comparative analysis was done to prove the effectiveness of MQL versus the dry cutting method based on certain process parameters such as surface roughness and cutting force. The L27 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method was used for designing the experiment. An analysis of the influence of cutting parameters including cutting-speed, feed-rate, depth-of-cut and hardness-of-workpiece on the cutting force and the surface roughness was carried out by using the response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result shows that under both of the cutting conditions (MQL and dry), feed rate and depth-of-cut are main factors affecting surface roughness and cutting force. Further, quadratic mathematical models for predicting cutting force and surface roughness under dry cutting and MQL conditions were established. The analysis of the roughness and the cutting force showed the outstanding effectiveness of MQL when compared with dry cutting.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128085496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070611
N. Manjunatha, R. Sumithra
The problem of triple diffusive surface tension driven magneto convection in a composite layer is investigated for linear, parabolic and inverted parabolic temperature profiles. The corresponding thermal Marangoni numbers are obtained analytically depending on various physical parameters of interest. The parameters which are effective to enhance convection and to control convection are determined. From the investigation it is found that the linear profile is suitable for fluid layer dominant composite layer whereas parabolic and inverted parabolic profiles are conducive for the porous layer dominant composite layer.
{"title":"Effects of Non-uniform Temperature Gradients on Triple Diffusive Surface Tension Driven Magneto Convection in a Composite Layer","authors":"N. Manjunatha, R. Sumithra","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070611","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of triple diffusive surface tension driven magneto convection in a composite layer is investigated for linear, parabolic and inverted parabolic temperature profiles. The corresponding thermal Marangoni numbers are obtained analytically depending on various physical parameters of interest. The parameters which are effective to enhance convection and to control convection are determined. From the investigation it is found that the linear profile is suitable for fluid layer dominant composite layer whereas parabolic and inverted parabolic profiles are conducive for the porous layer dominant composite layer.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133617889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070606
A. Atak
The strength, failure location and modes of AZ31B Magnesium sheets with 1.5 mm thickness, joined using friction stir spot welding (FSSW), can be determined using tension-shear tests. However, the joined materials have different tension test and elastic-plastic characteristics. Elastic analysis methods for spot welding have been examined in detail in literature. However, if the material has narrow elastic and large plastic area characteristics, such as AZ31B, elastic-elastic analysis methods are deficient. The development and application of elastic-plastic analysis methods are required for such soft metal materials. In this study, the elastic-elastic and elastic-plastic analytical stress mechanisms were investigated. Strain and force equations were then derived using an analytical approach. These developed equations were based on the FSSW-Tension-Shear-Test and verified using Finite Element Method (FEM)-Analysis and tension-shear tests. In addition, the location of failure was also determined. It is possible to predict failures without performing tension-shear tests using the proposed analytical equations.
{"title":"Stress Analysis of Friction Stir Spot Welded Magnesium Alloy Sheet under Tensile-Shear Load","authors":"A. Atak","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070606","url":null,"abstract":"The strength, failure location and modes of AZ31B Magnesium sheets with 1.5 mm thickness, joined using friction stir spot welding (FSSW), can be determined using tension-shear tests. However, the joined materials have different tension test and elastic-plastic characteristics. Elastic analysis methods for spot welding have been examined in detail in literature. However, if the material has narrow elastic and large plastic area characteristics, such as AZ31B, elastic-elastic analysis methods are deficient. The development and application of elastic-plastic analysis methods are required for such soft metal materials. In this study, the elastic-elastic and elastic-plastic analytical stress mechanisms were investigated. Strain and force equations were then derived using an analytical approach. These developed equations were based on the FSSW-Tension-Shear-Test and verified using Finite Element Method (FEM)-Analysis and tension-shear tests. In addition, the location of failure was also determined. It is possible to predict failures without performing tension-shear tests using the proposed analytical equations.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121496301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2019.070603
S. Kumar, Sunil Kumar
Arduino based design of economic and real-time fuel consumption rate computing by digital mileage meter is intended to develop effective and economic mileage meter that can promptly exhibit fuel mileage of a vehicle and show it. This device can be added to augment the existing running automotive system also, which works on carburetor or for that matter fuel injection technology. The cumbersome task of computing and manually checking the mileage can be automated using this device. Infra-red and position sensors have been assembled with Atmega328P microcontroller and installed on the motorbike. The efficacy of the designed mileage meter is revealed by comparing results with literature and real condition.
{"title":"Arduino Based Economic and Real Time Consumption Rate Computing","authors":"S. Kumar, Sunil Kumar","doi":"10.13189/ujme.2019.070603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/ujme.2019.070603","url":null,"abstract":"Arduino based design of economic and real-time fuel consumption rate computing by digital mileage meter is intended to develop effective and economic mileage meter that can promptly exhibit fuel mileage of a vehicle and show it. This device can be added to augment the existing running automotive system also, which works on carburetor or for that matter fuel injection technology. The cumbersome task of computing and manually checking the mileage can be automated using this device. Infra-red and position sensors have been assembled with Atmega328P microcontroller and installed on the motorbike. The efficacy of the designed mileage meter is revealed by comparing results with literature and real condition.","PeriodicalId":275027,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115335063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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