Small scale fisheries play important role in providing food and livelihoods for households in Ethiopia. However, prevalence of bacterial fish infection and their antimicrobial resistance are increasing over the world accounting for the major limitations in fish productionas well asits consumption. A cross sectional study was carried out to identify bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infectedNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 20 were common carp (Cyprinus carpio)fish showing clinical signs of disease particularly hemorrhage and skin ulceration and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of fish associated bacteria in Ethiopia. A total of 42 fish samples from two lakes (Hawassa and Ziway) were aseptically collected and bacteria were isolated from the kidney, liver and intestine. The isolates were identified by their morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Nine well known fish pathogens were identified from 49 positive samples at the lakes with prevalence rate of Aeromonasveronii(21.43%), Proteusmirabilis (19.05%), Edwardsiella tarda (16.67%), Shigella flexneri(11.9%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (11.9%), Aeromonas hydrophila (11.9 %),Pseudomonas putida (9.5%), Aeromonassobria (7.14%) and Pseudomonas hunanensis (7.14%).Of these pathogens, six (6) mostprevalent andknown potential pathogens (A. hydrophila, A. veronii, E. tarda, P. mirabilis, S. flexneri and S. maltophilia)were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay. All the isolates tested were resistant to at least three (3) of the eight antibiotics evaluated. High levels of resistance were expressed by the majority (87.5%) of the pathogens against penicillin and vancomycin. The results indicate the presence of potential pathogens andmaximum levels of acquired antibiotic resistance in fish bacteria from the study area. Thus, theuse of antibiotic in fish farming in Ethiopia should be discouraged.It isalso advisable to cook fish properly before consumption, in order to kill bacterialpathogens that may be present.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infected fish in some lakes of Ethiopia","authors":"Guta Dissasa, B. Lemma, H. Mamo","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Small scale fisheries play important role in providing food and livelihoods for households in Ethiopia. However, prevalence of bacterial fish infection and their antimicrobial resistance are increasing over the world accounting for the major limitations in fish productionas well asits consumption. A cross sectional study was carried out to identify bacterial pathogens isolated from naturally infectedNile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 20 were common carp (Cyprinus carpio)fish showing clinical signs of disease particularly hemorrhage and skin ulceration and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of fish associated bacteria in Ethiopia. A total of 42 fish samples from two lakes (Hawassa and Ziway) were aseptically collected and bacteria were isolated from the kidney, liver and intestine. The isolates were identified by their morphological characteristics, biochemical tests and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Nine well known fish pathogens were identified from 49 positive samples at the lakes with prevalence rate of Aeromonasveronii(21.43%), Proteusmirabilis (19.05%), Edwardsiella tarda (16.67%), Shigella flexneri(11.9%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (11.9%), Aeromonas hydrophila (11.9 %),Pseudomonas putida (9.5%), Aeromonassobria (7.14%) and Pseudomonas hunanensis (7.14%).Of these pathogens, six (6) mostprevalent andknown potential pathogens (A. hydrophila, A. veronii, E. tarda, P. mirabilis, S. flexneri and S. maltophilia)were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay. All the isolates tested were resistant to at least three (3) of the eight antibiotics evaluated. High levels of resistance were expressed by the majority (87.5%) of the pathogens against penicillin and vancomycin. The results indicate the presence of potential pathogens andmaximum levels of acquired antibiotic resistance in fish bacteria from the study area. Thus, theuse of antibiotic in fish farming in Ethiopia should be discouraged.It isalso advisable to cook fish properly before consumption, in order to kill bacterialpathogens that may be present.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127345804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small mammals show prominent spatial and temporal fluctuations. A study was conducted to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of small mammals in Wenchi highlands, central Ethiopia. Sherman and snap traps were used to capture small mammals from four forests (Qibate, Lakeshore, Erica and Albesa), Hagenia woodland and Erica scrub in two dry and wet seasons between August 2019 and January 2021. A total of 959 small mammals represented by 12 rodent species (Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Desmomys yaldeni, Mastomys natalensis, M. awashensis, Stenocephaylemys albipes, Lophuromys flavopunctatus, L. brevicaudus, L. chrysopus, Dendromus lovati, Lophiomys imhausi, Graphirius murinus and an unidentified murid rodent), and 3 shrew species (Crocidura bailey, C. fumosa and C. olivieri) were recorded. Small mammals showed spatiotemporal variations. More individuals were trapped during the dry (58.29%) than the wet (41.71%) season. Lakeshore Forest yielded the highest number of small mammals, whereas Erica Forest contributed the least during both seasons. More small mammal individuals were trapped in the second (52.24%) than the first (47.75%) trapping year. Small mammals also showed significant variations between the trapping periods (P<0.05). High number of small mammals was trapped during the morning (84.98%) than evening traps. Seasonal differences in sexes and age groups were non-significant (P>0.05). The density of small mammals varied between seasons and habitats. Small mammals had higher density during the dry (83.33 ha-1) than the wet (59.35 ha-1) season. In conclusion, Wenchi highlands supported a diverse small mammal community that displayed spatiotemporal changes. As a result, priority should be given to conserve the area.
小型哺乳动物表现出明显的时空波动。对埃塞俄比亚中部温奇高原小型哺乳动物的时空动态进行了研究。在2019年8月至2021年1月的两个干湿季节，使用谢尔曼陷阱和捕捉器从四个森林(Qibate, lakesshore, Erica和Albesa)， Hagenia林地和Erica灌丛中捕获小型哺乳动物。共记录到959种小型兽类，包括12种啮齿类(Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Desmomys yaldeni, Mastomys natalensis, M. awashensis, Stenocephaylemys albipes, Lophuromys flavopuncatus, L. brevicaudus, L. chrysopus, Dendromus lovati, Lophiomys imhausi, Graphirius murinus和一种未知的鼠)和3种鼩鼱(Crocidura bailey, C. fumosa和C. olivieri)。小型哺乳动物表现出时空差异。干季捕获个体数为58.29%，湿季捕获个体数为41.71%;湖滨森林的小型哺乳动物数量最多，而埃里卡森林在两个季节的贡献最少。第2年捕获的小兽个体数(52.24%)高于第1年(47.75%)。小型兽类在不同捕获期间也存在显著差异(P0.05)。小型哺乳动物的密度因季节和栖息地而异。干季小兽密度(83.33 ha-1)高于湿季(59.35 ha-1);综上所述，温池高原支持的小型哺乳动物群落多样性呈现出时空变化特征。因此，应该优先保护这一地区。
{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes in small mammal community of Wenchi highlands, central Ethiopia","authors":"Kabeta Legese, A. Bekele","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Small mammals show prominent spatial and temporal fluctuations. A study was conducted to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of small mammals in Wenchi highlands, central Ethiopia. Sherman and snap traps were used to capture small mammals from four forests (Qibate, Lakeshore, Erica and Albesa), Hagenia woodland and Erica scrub in two dry and wet seasons between August 2019 and January 2021. A total of 959 small mammals represented by 12 rodent species (Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Desmomys yaldeni, Mastomys natalensis, M. awashensis, Stenocephaylemys albipes, Lophuromys flavopunctatus, L. brevicaudus, L. chrysopus, Dendromus lovati, Lophiomys imhausi, Graphirius murinus and an unidentified murid rodent), and 3 shrew species (Crocidura bailey, C. fumosa and C. olivieri) were recorded. Small mammals showed spatiotemporal variations. More individuals were trapped during the dry (58.29%) than the wet (41.71%) season. Lakeshore Forest yielded the highest number of small mammals, whereas Erica Forest contributed the least during both seasons. More small mammal individuals were trapped in the second (52.24%) than the first (47.75%) trapping year. Small mammals also showed significant variations between the trapping periods (P<0.05). High number of small mammals was trapped during the morning (84.98%) than evening traps. Seasonal differences in sexes and age groups were non-significant (P>0.05). The density of small mammals varied between seasons and habitats. Small mammals had higher density during the dry (83.33 ha-1) than the wet (59.35 ha-1) season. In conclusion, Wenchi highlands supported a diverse small mammal community that displayed spatiotemporal changes. As a result, priority should be given to conserve the area.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125265524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gebremedhin Gebreyohans, David T. Croasdell, M. Meshesha
The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's knowledge-sharing intentions and behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the research framework using survey data from 256 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using Smart PLS software. The result indicates that the factors that affect knowledge-sharing intention include social interaction, reciprocity, management support, reward systems, and reputation. Systems integrated into teaching-learning practice, availability of information technology infrastructure, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are among the technological factors affecting the intention to use web technology for knowledge sharing toward knowledge-sharing behavior. It has also been concluded that management support had the greatest influence, but the reward system did not affect the knowledge-sharing intention. On the other hand, the availability of IT infrastructure has the largest effect on the intention to use web technology, while perceived ease of use has the least. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance knowledge sharing in HEI. The findings will benefit academic staff, university administrations, and higher education institutions. This study gives managers a solid foundation to promote and support academic staff's usage of web technology for knowledge sharing. The study will also help academic staff enhance their current knowledge-sharing practices.
{"title":"Factors predicting knowledge sharing behavior of academic staff","authors":"Gebremedhin Gebreyohans, David T. Croasdell, M. Meshesha","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to identify the factors that influence academic staff's knowledge-sharing intentions and behaviors in Ethiopian higher education. A structural equation model was used to validate the research framework using survey data from 256 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using Smart PLS software. The result indicates that the factors that affect knowledge-sharing intention include social interaction, reciprocity, management support, reward systems, and reputation. Systems integrated into teaching-learning practice, availability of information technology infrastructure, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness are among the technological factors affecting the intention to use web technology for knowledge sharing toward knowledge-sharing behavior. It has also been concluded that management support had the greatest influence, but the reward system did not affect the knowledge-sharing intention. On the other hand, the availability of IT infrastructure has the largest effect on the intention to use web technology, while perceived ease of use has the least. The contributions of this study are twofold. The framework may serve as a roadmap for future researchers and managers considering their strategy to enhance knowledge sharing in HEI. The findings will benefit academic staff, university administrations, and higher education institutions. This study gives managers a solid foundation to promote and support academic staff's usage of web technology for knowledge sharing. The study will also help academic staff enhance their current knowledge-sharing practices.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reports the effect of magnetic ordering and superconducting order parameter on superconducting and magnetic transition temperatures of interacting singlet superconductivity and ferromagnetism in HoMo6Se8 material. The basic superconducting parameters were calculated starting with the BCS type model Hamiltonian and using the double time temperature dependent Green function formalisms. Results showed that the superconducting critical temperature decreases with enhancement of superconducting order parameter and vice versa. This is perhaps due to the weakening of the binding energy as the temperature approaches its critical value. On the other hand, the superconducting critical temperature demonstrates attenuation with increasing magnetic order parameters . It was also observed that the enhancement of magnetic transition temperature with the increase of the magnetic order parameter demonstrates variation with the alteration of the superconducting order parameter. Moreover, the calculations revealed that there is a temperature region where both superconductivity and magnetic order coexist. Furthermore, the present theoretical analysis is broadly in agreement with existing experimental findings.
{"title":"The Study of Interplay of Singlet Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in Superconducting HoMo6Se8","authors":"Teshome Kebede Hambisa, Chernet Amente, Pooran Singh","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports the effect of magnetic ordering and superconducting order parameter on superconducting and magnetic transition temperatures of interacting singlet superconductivity and ferromagnetism in HoMo6Se8 material. The basic superconducting parameters were calculated starting with the BCS type model Hamiltonian and using the double time temperature dependent Green function formalisms. Results showed that the superconducting critical temperature decreases with enhancement of superconducting order parameter and vice versa. This is perhaps due to the weakening of the binding energy as the temperature approaches its critical value. On the other hand, the superconducting critical temperature demonstrates attenuation with increasing magnetic order parameters . It was also observed that the enhancement of magnetic transition temperature with the increase of the magnetic order parameter demonstrates variation with the alteration of the superconducting order parameter. Moreover, the calculations revealed that there is a temperature region where both superconductivity and magnetic order coexist. Furthermore, the present theoretical analysis is broadly in agreement with existing experimental findings.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122180323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil erosion is a global environmental challenge for developing countries including Ethiopia that require regular monitoring to take corrective measures. In this context, this study was focused on estimating soil erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (rusle) integrated with Geographical Information System (gis) technique for which it applied 30 m and 200 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (dem) data to generate slope gradient and length. Rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, land cover/use and management factors data were obtained from existing studies and field-based assessments where the data were used to estimate the soil erosion using rusle model in ArcMap under two different dem resolution scenario. The model estimated an average of 1.38 and 1.86 million tons of annual soil loss by water using 200 and 30 meters resolution dem data, respectively, while keeping other factors constant. The erosion estimated using higher (30 m) resolution dem data was more realistic than low (200 m) resolution data , as the higher resolution dem data allowed less generalization. In high resolution dem data, the slopes generated were also more in line with ground reality. Based on the case study of Weyto sub-basin in Southern Ethiopia, we thus conclude that the gis technique and remote sensing data can be used in rusle based erosion risk prediction for large areas even at basin, sub-basin and macro watershed level. We suggest that the accuracy of the prediction can be improved by using high resolution (large scale) input data disaggregated by micro- and sub-watersheds.
{"title":"Soil Erosion Estimation Using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation Integrated with Geographic Information System by Different Resolution Digital Elevation Model Data in Weyto Sub-Basin, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Shimeles Damene, P. Satyal","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Soil erosion is a global environmental challenge for developing countries including Ethiopia that require regular monitoring to take corrective measures. In this context, this study was focused on estimating soil erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (rusle) integrated with Geographical Information System (gis) technique for which it applied 30 m and 200 m resolution Digital Elevation Model (dem) data to generate slope gradient and length. Rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, land cover/use and management factors data were obtained from existing studies and field-based assessments where the data were used to estimate the soil erosion using rusle model in ArcMap under two different dem resolution scenario. The model estimated an average of 1.38 and 1.86 million tons of annual soil loss by water using 200 and 30 meters resolution dem data, respectively, while keeping other factors constant. The erosion estimated using higher (30 m) resolution dem data was more realistic than low (200 m) resolution data , as the higher resolution dem data allowed less generalization. In high resolution dem data, the slopes generated were also more in line with ground reality. Based on the case study of Weyto sub-basin in Southern Ethiopia, we thus conclude that the gis technique and remote sensing data can be used in rusle based erosion risk prediction for large areas even at basin, sub-basin and macro watershed level. We suggest that the accuracy of the prediction can be improved by using high resolution (large scale) input data disaggregated by micro- and sub-watersheds.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128747455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A passive seismic survey wasconducted in the northern water dividebetween the Ziway-Shala Lakes Basin, Central Main Ethiopian Rift (CMER), and Awash basin. Previous geophysical studies in the same areahad mainly focused on mapping intermediate to deeper Earth geological structures, and little attention given to shallowest layer.In contrast, the study aimed to map these shallow geologic structures of soil layer undulations at this specific location of CMER. A rapid and non-invasive technique was employed, which involve recording three component measurements of ambient seismic noise data. The collected seismic noise data was processed and analyzed using the average of Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) which helpsto determine resonance frequencies of the survey stations. After frequency estimatesweremadefor each station, corresponding depth estimates were obtained using the method of Nakamura.The point depth to the shallowest layer was determined for each siteand these depth valueswere gridded and mapped to show subsurface topographic undulations or thickness of topsoil cover.The result showed that the shallowest bedrock layer wasthickening northwards, toward the Awash basin.
{"title":"Mapping the soil thickness in the Main Ethiopian Rift using passive seismic data and HVSR, case for Northern water divided between the Ziway-Shala lakes basin and the Awash basin","authors":"Hailemichael Kebede","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"A passive seismic survey wasconducted in the northern water dividebetween the Ziway-Shala Lakes Basin, Central Main Ethiopian Rift (CMER), and Awash basin. Previous geophysical studies in the same areahad mainly focused on mapping intermediate to deeper Earth geological structures, and little attention given to shallowest layer.In contrast, the study aimed to map these shallow geologic structures of soil layer undulations at this specific location of CMER. A rapid and non-invasive technique was employed, which involve recording three component measurements of ambient seismic noise data. The collected seismic noise data was processed and analyzed using the average of Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) which helpsto determine resonance frequencies of the survey stations. After frequency estimatesweremadefor each station, corresponding depth estimates were obtained using the method of Nakamura.The point depth to the shallowest layer was determined for each siteand these depth valueswere gridded and mapped to show subsurface topographic undulations or thickness of topsoil cover.The result showed that the shallowest bedrock layer wasthickening northwards, toward the Awash basin.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"82 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131873985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mebrat Teklemariam Gebrekidan, A. Bekele, Bezawork Afework Bogale
Yellow-billed Duck (Anas undulata) is a monomorphic African endemic dabbling duck protected by the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Water birds Agreement. This study was conducted to investigate the population size and breeding ecology of Yellow-billed Duck in Chelekleka wetland, Ethiopia from November 2020 to October 2021. Census was conducted during early morning from 6:30 - 10:00 hrs and late afternoon from 15:30 - 18:00 hrs twice per week when the birds are active. Direct observations as well as nest and egg morphometry measurements were conducted to collect data on breeding ecology of Yellow-billed Ducks. During the study period, eight active nests were identified and followed. Data were analysed using R version 4.2 software. A maximum of 315 individuals of Yellow-billed Ducks were counted, with a significantly high population size during dry season compared to wet season (Z = - 10.85, df = 63, p < 0.001). The female Yellow-billed Duck built a nest made up of herbs, defoliated leaves, dried grasses and thin twigs. The nest is circular shaped with a 26 - 32 cm in diameter and 7 - 11 cm in height. They laid eggs that are light brownish. Clutch size ranged from 5 - 8 eggs. The mean egg length, breadth and weight were 45.38 ± 1.65 mm, 39.17 ± 0.58 mm, and 45.4 ± 1.7 gm, respectively (n = 21). The average incubation period per nest was 19 ± 0.82 days (n = 4) with a high hatching success (98.1 %; n = 53). Supporting a considerable number of Yellow-billed Ducks, Chelekleka wetland is ecologically important for breeding and other related ecological requirements of the species. However, anthropogenic factors such as; burning of nesting bushes, wetland degradation, and agricultural expansions are highly threatened their survival. Therefore, sustainable conservation intervention is needed to minimize the threats on the species and its habitat.
{"title":"Population size and breeding ecology of Yellow-billed Duck (Anas undulata, Dubois 1839) in Chelekleka wetland, Ethiopia","authors":"Mebrat Teklemariam Gebrekidan, A. Bekele, Bezawork Afework Bogale","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow-billed Duck (Anas undulata) is a monomorphic African endemic dabbling duck protected by the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Water birds Agreement. This study was conducted to investigate the population size and breeding ecology of Yellow-billed Duck in Chelekleka wetland, Ethiopia from November 2020 to October 2021. Census was conducted during early morning from 6:30 - 10:00 hrs and late afternoon from 15:30 - 18:00 hrs twice per week when the birds are active. Direct observations as well as nest and egg morphometry measurements were conducted to collect data on breeding ecology of Yellow-billed Ducks. During the study period, eight active nests were identified and followed. Data were analysed using R version 4.2 software. A maximum of 315 individuals of Yellow-billed Ducks were counted, with a significantly high population size during dry season compared to wet season (Z = - 10.85, df = 63, p < 0.001). The female Yellow-billed Duck built a nest made up of herbs, defoliated leaves, dried grasses and thin twigs. The nest is circular shaped with a 26 - 32 cm in diameter and 7 - 11 cm in height. They laid eggs that are light brownish. Clutch size ranged from 5 - 8 eggs. The mean egg length, breadth and weight were 45.38 ± 1.65 mm, 39.17 ± 0.58 mm, and 45.4 ± 1.7 gm, respectively (n = 21). The average incubation period per nest was 19 ± 0.82 days (n = 4) with a high hatching success (98.1 %; n = 53). Supporting a considerable number of Yellow-billed Ducks, Chelekleka wetland is ecologically important for breeding and other related ecological requirements of the species. However, anthropogenic factors such as; burning of nesting bushes, wetland degradation, and agricultural expansions are highly threatened their survival. Therefore, sustainable conservation intervention is needed to minimize the threats on the species and its habitat.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121622876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Venkateswarlu, Mekonnen Mamo Elema, Yibeltal Yitayew Tessema
In this paper we study further properties of BH-lattices which is a subclass of BH-monoids. We furnish certain examples of BH- monoids which are not BH- lattice. We give a characterization of BH-lattices in terms of bounded BH-lattices and commutative l-groups. Also we prove that every BH-lattice is a direct product of Heyting algebra and commutative l-group under certain condition. Further we obtain the decomposition theorem in terms of Boolean algebra and a commutative l-group.
{"title":"Decomposition of BH-Lattices","authors":"K. Venkateswarlu, Mekonnen Mamo Elema, Yibeltal Yitayew Tessema","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v46i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i1.9","url":null,"abstract":" In this paper we study further properties of BH-lattices which is a subclass of BH-monoids. We furnish certain examples of BH- monoids which are not BH- lattice. We give a characterization of BH-lattices in terms of bounded BH-lattices and commutative l-groups. Also we prove that every BH-lattice is a direct product of Heyting algebra and commutative l-group under certain condition. Further we obtain the decomposition theorem in terms of Boolean algebra and a commutative l-group.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127380213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enterprise Resource Planning (erp) are integrated software solutions that transform organizations’ internal processes, provide collaboration with partners, external applications and information systems. Extant literature reveals that organizations are showing interest to transit from an on-premise erp to the new cloud-based erp solutions due to their extra benefits. There are few recent initiatives in Ethiopia to adopt cloud-based erp but challenges faced in the course of the adoption are not explored. Using the technology-organization-environment, diffusion of innovation, and the model of innovation resistance frameworks as lenses, this research aims at identifying factors contributing to the adoption of cloud-based erp in the Ethiopian context. A quantitative approach is adopted and survey was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire using Google’s online form to gather data from employees of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise. Out of 295 questionnaires distributed, 152 valid questionnaires were collected and considered for the data analysis. The proposed model was tested using a partial least square with the help of the Smart pls software. The proposed model explained 58.5 % of the variance in cloud-based ERP adoption factors. The empirical analysis indicated that Relative advantage, Trust, IT Skill, and External pressure had a significant influence on the adoption of cloud-based erp in Ethiopia whereas Organizational Culture, Observability, and Trialability had no significant impact on the adoption of cloud erp service. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors which affect the adoption of cloud-based erp technology in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Factors affecting cloud-based enterprise resource planning software adoption in Ethiopia","authors":"Biniyam Fekadu, Lemma F. Lessa","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v45i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v45i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprise Resource Planning (erp) are integrated software solutions that transform organizations’ internal processes, provide collaboration with partners, external applications and information systems. Extant literature reveals that organizations are showing interest to transit from an on-premise erp to the new cloud-based erp solutions due to their extra benefits. There are few recent initiatives in Ethiopia to adopt cloud-based erp but challenges faced in the course of the adoption are not explored. Using the technology-organization-environment, diffusion of innovation, and the model of innovation resistance frameworks as lenses, this research aims at identifying factors contributing to the adoption of cloud-based erp in the Ethiopian context. A quantitative approach is adopted and survey was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire using Google’s online form to gather data from employees of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise. Out of 295 questionnaires distributed, 152 valid questionnaires were collected and considered for the data analysis. The proposed model was tested using a partial least square with the help of the Smart pls software. The proposed model explained 58.5 % of the variance in cloud-based ERP adoption factors. The empirical analysis indicated that Relative advantage, Trust, IT Skill, and External pressure had a significant influence on the adoption of cloud-based erp in Ethiopia whereas Organizational Culture, Observability, and Trialability had no significant impact on the adoption of cloud erp service. The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors which affect the adoption of cloud-based erp technology in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115807709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sample pre-treatment during determination of pesticides in sediment and soil is difficult due to matrix effects. For this reason, a low density dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (ld-dllme) was developed for the determination of carbaryl, cynazine, atrazine, and propazine. The experimental parameters that could potentially influence performances of the developed analytical technique including the extraction solvent type and volume, disperser solvent type and volume, extraction and centrifugation time, centrifugation speed, salt concentration, and pH were optimized. The optimum experimental values were found to be 50 mL 1-octanol, 0.6 mL acetonitrile, 5 min extraction time, centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 3 min, 10% NaCl and pH 5. At the optimum conditions, the methods offer good linearity (R2 = 0.998–0.999) for the concentration ranges of 30-800 µg/kg; the detection limit (lod) ranging from 9-24 µg/kg; precision <5.3% rsd, and reproducibility 0.5-5.2% rsd. The accuracy of the method, determined in terms of recovery was found to vary from 74.5-109.7%. Therefore, the developed analytical method could be used for the determination of trace level of pesticides residues in sediment and agricultural soil samples.
{"title":"DLLME coupled with HPLC-DAD for enrichment of pesticide residues in environmental sediment and soil samples","authors":"Yosef Alemayehu, T. Tolcha, Negussie Megersa","doi":"10.4314/sinet.v45i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v45i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Sample pre-treatment during determination of pesticides in sediment and soil is difficult due to matrix effects. For this reason, a low density dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (ld-dllme) was developed for the determination of carbaryl, cynazine, atrazine, and propazine. The experimental parameters that could potentially influence performances of the developed analytical technique including the extraction solvent type and volume, disperser solvent type and volume, extraction and centrifugation time, centrifugation speed, salt concentration, and pH were optimized. The optimum experimental values were found to be 50 mL 1-octanol, 0.6 mL acetonitrile, 5 min extraction time, centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 3 min, 10% NaCl and pH 5. At the optimum conditions, the methods offer good linearity (R2 = 0.998–0.999) for the concentration ranges of 30-800 µg/kg; the detection limit (lod) ranging from 9-24 µg/kg; precision <5.3% rsd, and reproducibility 0.5-5.2% rsd. The accuracy of the method, determined in terms of recovery was found to vary from 74.5-109.7%. Therefore, the developed analytical method could be used for the determination of trace level of pesticides residues in sediment and agricultural soil samples.","PeriodicalId":275075,"journal":{"name":"SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129938790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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