Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345835
M. Karlsson, F. Olsson, S.-E. Wippa, J. Axinger, B.O. Bergman
This paper describes the numerical study and experimental results of an axial vircator with axial extraction. The microwave source is driven by a Marx generator and excludes any type of pulse forming device between the two subsystems. The main reason for this special arrangement is the final goal to build a compact and robust high power microwave system. The drawback is usually a lower efficiency of the microwave source. The vircator operates with the applied voltages between 300 and 400 kV and the impedance is around 15 Ohms during the process when microwave radiation is generated. The microwave pulse duration is for most cases between 100 to 200 ns. For the experiments described in this paper focus has been on different cathode geometries and on different anode meshes. Results that are given include microwave power, spectral content and mode characteristics. In an attempt to better understand and explain the experimental results particle-in-cell simulations have been carried out in MAGIC.
{"title":"Experimental studies of an axial vircator with different cathode geometries","authors":"M. Karlsson, F. Olsson, S.-E. Wippa, J. Axinger, B.O. Bergman","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345835","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the numerical study and experimental results of an axial vircator with axial extraction. The microwave source is driven by a Marx generator and excludes any type of pulse forming device between the two subsystems. The main reason for this special arrangement is the final goal to build a compact and robust high power microwave system. The drawback is usually a lower efficiency of the microwave source. The vircator operates with the applied voltages between 300 and 400 kV and the impedance is around 15 Ohms during the process when microwave radiation is generated. The microwave pulse duration is for most cases between 100 to 200 ns. For the experiments described in this paper focus has been on different cathode geometries and on different anode meshes. Results that are given include microwave power, spectral content and mode characteristics. In an attempt to better understand and explain the experimental results particle-in-cell simulations have been carried out in MAGIC.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125501882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345790
M. Elfsberg, T. Hurtig, A. Larsson, C. Moller, S. E. Nyholm
An axial vircator has been designed in which it is simple to change the anode and cathode for testing different anode-cathode configurations and materials. The vircator is driven by a 500 kV, 500 J repetitive Marx generator with a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. The materials are tested with bursts of 10 pulses at 10 Hz and the time between bursts is a few minutes. Velvet cloth, graphite, machined stainless steel as cathodes and stainless steel mesh, etched stainless steel, stainless steel wires and tungsten wires as anodes are examples of different materials that have been tested. During the tests with different materials, the vircator was radiating into an anechoic chamber. The current through and voltage over the vircator are monitored as well as the radiated microwave field in the chamber. For rating the performance of the different materials, parameters as maximum radiated field, radiation frequency, vircator impedance, and number of shots before the material is deteriorated are compared.
{"title":"Experimental studies of anode and cathode materials in a repetitive driven axial vircator","authors":"M. Elfsberg, T. Hurtig, A. Larsson, C. Moller, S. E. Nyholm","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345790","url":null,"abstract":"An axial vircator has been designed in which it is simple to change the anode and cathode for testing different anode-cathode configurations and materials. The vircator is driven by a 500 kV, 500 J repetitive Marx generator with a pulse repetition frequency of 10 Hz. The materials are tested with bursts of 10 pulses at 10 Hz and the time between bursts is a few minutes. Velvet cloth, graphite, machined stainless steel as cathodes and stainless steel mesh, etched stainless steel, stainless steel wires and tungsten wires as anodes are examples of different materials that have been tested. During the tests with different materials, the vircator was radiating into an anechoic chamber. The current through and voltage over the vircator are monitored as well as the radiated microwave field in the chamber. For rating the performance of the different materials, parameters as maximum radiated field, radiation frequency, vircator impedance, and number of shots before the material is deteriorated are compared.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123355744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651966
R. Jaynes, T. Albert, F. Hegeler, J. Sethian
We are developing a new type of “scalloped” hibachi structure to be deployed on Electra, a 700 Joule/pulse electron beam pumped KrF laser system, to improve the durability and efficiency of the pressure foil. In an e-beam pumped laser, an electron beam is generated in a high vacuum diode, and then passed through a pressure foil to pump the gain medium in the gas laser cell. Previous hibachi structures used flat “picture frame” topologies in which the foil is laid flat on the frame. The natural bulging of the foils under pressure introduces significant stress concentrations at the corners of the rib openings. In our new design, the hibachi frame is scalloped, so the foil between the ribs approximates a section of a cylindrical pressure vessel. This arrangement eliminates these stress concentrations and, because the stress can in principle be made purely cylindrical, lowers the overall stress as well. This allows use of a thinner foil to transport the e-beam more efficiently. Two techniques were developed to seal this non-planar vacuum surface: utilizing a bonded gasket-foil fixture or employing a quad or double seal o-ring. The former is less expensive, but only proved viable for thicker foils. These methods have been shown to support foils of various materials including aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium with thicknesses ranging from 12 μm to 75 μm. Foils have been tested under high vacuum and with up to 30 psi differential applied to the foil.
{"title":"Scalloped hibachi and vacuum-pressure foil for Electra: Electron beam pumped KrF laser","authors":"R. Jaynes, T. Albert, F. Hegeler, J. Sethian","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651966","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a new type of “scalloped” hibachi structure to be deployed on Electra, a 700 Joule/pulse electron beam pumped KrF laser system, to improve the durability and efficiency of the pressure foil. In an e-beam pumped laser, an electron beam is generated in a high vacuum diode, and then passed through a pressure foil to pump the gain medium in the gas laser cell. Previous hibachi structures used flat “picture frame” topologies in which the foil is laid flat on the frame. The natural bulging of the foils under pressure introduces significant stress concentrations at the corners of the rib openings. In our new design, the hibachi frame is scalloped, so the foil between the ribs approximates a section of a cylindrical pressure vessel. This arrangement eliminates these stress concentrations and, because the stress can in principle be made purely cylindrical, lowers the overall stress as well. This allows use of a thinner foil to transport the e-beam more efficiently. Two techniques were developed to seal this non-planar vacuum surface: utilizing a bonded gasket-foil fixture or employing a quad or double seal o-ring. The former is less expensive, but only proved viable for thicker foils. These methods have been shown to support foils of various materials including aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium with thicknesses ranging from 12 μm to 75 μm. Foils have been tested under high vacuum and with up to 30 psi differential applied to the foil.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126362064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345512
Jeremy P. Martin, M. Savage, T. Pointon, M. Gilmore
There have been several models which have been successful in characterizing many aspects of the electron flow in simple self-insulated geometries. For complicated structures, which are typically found in actual systems, particle-in-cell (PIC) calculations are used. These simulation models have demonstrated a fundamental difficulty in resolving the electron flow in strongly insulated systems. When the electron flow is confined to a very small sheath size, relative to the transmission line gap, finer meshing must be applied near the cathode surface. This increase in cells can lead to inadequate resolution through a process known as “numerical heating”. Precise measurements of these electron flows, typically found in low-impedance driven loads, are essential in providing a benchmark for these widely used simulation techniques. Detailed measurements conducted on a low-impedance disk transmission line provide a useful comparison between the theoretical models and the simulation results. In addition a method for directly measuring the electron current at the load of a strongly insulated system is developed. This would circumvent the difficulty of typical diagnostic methods in resolving these electron flows which are usually minimized for optimal efficiency.
{"title":"Precision electron flow measurements in a disk transmission line","authors":"Jeremy P. Martin, M. Savage, T. Pointon, M. Gilmore","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345512","url":null,"abstract":"There have been several models which have been successful in characterizing many aspects of the electron flow in simple self-insulated geometries. For complicated structures, which are typically found in actual systems, particle-in-cell (PIC) calculations are used. These simulation models have demonstrated a fundamental difficulty in resolving the electron flow in strongly insulated systems. When the electron flow is confined to a very small sheath size, relative to the transmission line gap, finer meshing must be applied near the cathode surface. This increase in cells can lead to inadequate resolution through a process known as “numerical heating”. Precise measurements of these electron flows, typically found in low-impedance driven loads, are essential in providing a benchmark for these widely used simulation techniques. Detailed measurements conducted on a low-impedance disk transmission line provide a useful comparison between the theoretical models and the simulation results. In addition a method for directly measuring the electron current at the load of a strongly insulated system is developed. This would circumvent the difficulty of typical diagnostic methods in resolving these electron flows which are usually minimized for optimal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122219831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346245
A. Krasnykh
This article discusses a proposal for an ultra fast feedback response that will protect the load and solid state switches of the ON/OFF Marx type modulators. The feedback guards main elements of a modulator against possible arcs in the load, particularly arcs inside of the electron guns. The chief concept behind the proposed response system is an employment of a fraction of the output modulator power as a controlling and guarding pulse during the delivery time. The time constant of the proposed feedback loop lies in the nanosecond range. Peculiarities of proposed topology are discussed.
{"title":"A topology of on/off marx modulator with protection of load and solid state switches","authors":"A. Krasnykh","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346245","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses a proposal for an ultra fast feedback response that will protect the load and solid state switches of the ON/OFF Marx type modulators. The feedback guards main elements of a modulator against possible arcs in the load, particularly arcs inside of the electron guns. The chief concept behind the proposed response system is an employment of a fraction of the output modulator power as a controlling and guarding pulse during the delivery time. The time constant of the proposed feedback loop lies in the nanosecond range. Peculiarities of proposed topology are discussed.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121035741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345497
B. Hutsel, D. Sullivan, A. Benwell, J. Vangordon, S. Kovaleski, J. Gahl
A 1 MV, SF6 filled, laser triggered gas switch has been installed in the Tiger pulsed power lab at the University of Missouri-Columbia to study the factors affecting runtime and jitter. The Tiger pulsed power lab consists of a 2.8 MV, 450 kJ Marx bank that feeds into a 7 nF intermediate store capacitor before discharging through the gas switch. The test was operated from about 500 kV up to 1.25 MV, at switch pressures from 10 to 50 psig SF6. The gas switch is triggered by a 30 mJ New Wave Tempest 10 Nd:YAG laser to initiate breakdown in the switch. The University of Missouri has examined laser energy and percentage of self break to determine their relation to runtime and jitter. Optical spectroscopy has also been used to examine the laser arc. The end goal of research is to understand the factors contributing to increased jitter and runtime and thereby provide paths to improved switch performance.
{"title":"Characterization of runtime and jitter on a laser triggered spark gap switch","authors":"B. Hutsel, D. Sullivan, A. Benwell, J. Vangordon, S. Kovaleski, J. Gahl","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345497","url":null,"abstract":"A 1 MV, SF6 filled, laser triggered gas switch has been installed in the Tiger pulsed power lab at the University of Missouri-Columbia to study the factors affecting runtime and jitter. The Tiger pulsed power lab consists of a 2.8 MV, 450 kJ Marx bank that feeds into a 7 nF intermediate store capacitor before discharging through the gas switch. The test was operated from about 500 kV up to 1.25 MV, at switch pressures from 10 to 50 psig SF6. The gas switch is triggered by a 30 mJ New Wave Tempest 10 Nd:YAG laser to initiate breakdown in the switch. The University of Missouri has examined laser energy and percentage of self break to determine their relation to runtime and jitter. Optical spectroscopy has also been used to examine the laser arc. The end goal of research is to understand the factors contributing to increased jitter and runtime and thereby provide paths to improved switch performance.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116536457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346124
S. Kawata, M. Nakamura, R. Sonobe, S. Miyazaki, N. Onuma, Y. Nodera, T. Kikuchi
Suppression of transverse proton beam divergence is demonstrated by a tailored thin foil target with a hole at the opposite side of laser illumination. When an intense short pulse laser illuminates the thin foil target with the hole, transverse edge effects of an accelerated electron cloud and an ion cloud are eliminated by a protuberant part of the hole: the edge effects of the electron cloud and the ion cloud induce the proton beam divergence. Therefore the transverse proton beam divergence is suppressed well. Firstly this paper presents the robustness of the hole target against laser parameter changes in a laser spot size and in a laser pulse length, and against a contaminated proton source layer. It may be also difficult to make the laser axis coincide with the target hole-center line in realistic experiments and uses, when the target has only one hole. 2.5-dimensional PIC (particle-in-cell) simulations also present that a multiple-hole target is robust against the laser alignment error and the target positioning error. The multi-hole target may serve a robust target for practical uses to produce a collimated proton beam.
{"title":"Collimated ion beam by a laser-illuminated tailored target","authors":"S. Kawata, M. Nakamura, R. Sonobe, S. Miyazaki, N. Onuma, Y. Nodera, T. Kikuchi","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346124","url":null,"abstract":"Suppression of transverse proton beam divergence is demonstrated by a tailored thin foil target with a hole at the opposite side of laser illumination. When an intense short pulse laser illuminates the thin foil target with the hole, transverse edge effects of an accelerated electron cloud and an ion cloud are eliminated by a protuberant part of the hole: the edge effects of the electron cloud and the ion cloud induce the proton beam divergence. Therefore the transverse proton beam divergence is suppressed well. Firstly this paper presents the robustness of the hole target against laser parameter changes in a laser spot size and in a laser pulse length, and against a contaminated proton source layer. It may be also difficult to make the laser axis coincide with the target hole-center line in realistic experiments and uses, when the target has only one hole. 2.5-dimensional PIC (particle-in-cell) simulations also present that a multiple-hole target is robust against the laser alignment error and the target positioning error. The multi-hole target may serve a robust target for practical uses to produce a collimated proton beam.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121593956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346203
P. Rutberg, V. P. Gorbunov, S. A. Kuschev, S. Lukyanov, G. Nakonechny, S. Popov, V. Popov, V. Spodobin, E. Serba
Characteristic features of operation of single-phase and multiphase high-voltage electric arc AC plasma generators with rod electrodes and power from 5 kW to 50 kW in a pilot unit for plasma pyrolysis of organic waste with syngas production are described.
{"title":"Characteristic features of operation of high-voltage electric arc plasma generators with rod electrodes and power from 5 up to 50 kW in a pilot plasmachemical unit","authors":"P. Rutberg, V. P. Gorbunov, S. A. Kuschev, S. Lukyanov, G. Nakonechny, S. Popov, V. Popov, V. Spodobin, E. Serba","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346203","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristic features of operation of single-phase and multiphase high-voltage electric arc AC plasma generators with rod electrodes and power from 5 kW to 50 kW in a pilot unit for plasma pyrolysis of organic waste with syngas production are described.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131179904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346024
K. Niayesh, J. Jadidian, A. H. Mohamadzade-Niaki
Flux Compression generators are widely used to achieve extreme high power pulses. In this method, after generation of current pulses flowing through an inductor, the chemical energy of an explosive is used to increase the power of the output voltage pulse applied to the load. During the transferring energy of the explosive to the output electrical pulse, the critical issue is to achieve the change of the inductance in a fast and controlled way. The current gain of such systems is strongly dependent on the time variation of the changeable inductance. The rate of the output current increase is approximately proportional to the rate of inductance reduction. This rate is determined by mass of explosive and dimensions of the detonation cylinder. There is no unique mathematical function by which the inductance transits from its initial value (L0) to its final value (Lf), different functions can be realized by changing the physical dimensioning and design of FCG. In this paper, the optimized function for L (t) to achieve the smallest rise time of the output current is calculated. Based on material deformation simulations, the corresponding design of FCG to realize the optimum function of L(t) is proposed.
{"title":"Optimized output voltage of flux compression generators by modified detonation method","authors":"K. Niayesh, J. Jadidian, A. H. Mohamadzade-Niaki","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346024","url":null,"abstract":"Flux Compression generators are widely used to achieve extreme high power pulses. In this method, after generation of current pulses flowing through an inductor, the chemical energy of an explosive is used to increase the power of the output voltage pulse applied to the load. During the transferring energy of the explosive to the output electrical pulse, the critical issue is to achieve the change of the inductance in a fast and controlled way. The current gain of such systems is strongly dependent on the time variation of the changeable inductance. The rate of the output current increase is approximately proportional to the rate of inductance reduction. This rate is determined by mass of explosive and dimensions of the detonation cylinder. There is no unique mathematical function by which the inductance transits from its initial value (L0) to its final value (Lf), different functions can be realized by changing the physical dimensioning and design of FCG. In this paper, the optimized function for L (t) to achieve the smallest rise time of the output current is calculated. Based on material deformation simulations, the corresponding design of FCG to realize the optimum function of L(t) is proposed.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131199683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652419
Adam Lindbloma, A. Larsson, H. Bernhoff, M. Leijon
The construction of a 45 GW pulsed-power generator with an impedance of 2 Ω is presented. The generator can deliver a rectangular pulse of 300 kV with duration of 200 ns across a matched load. The generator is designed to be able to deliver a voltage of 500 kV into a 10 Ω unmatched load with an electric power of 25 GW. The primary energy storage of the generator consists of a 50 kV, 20 kJ capacitor bank. The 50 kV is discharged into a 1:12 transformer that charges a pulse-forming line to 600 kV. When charged, the pulse-forming line is discharged into the load via a spark gap. The transformer is of the type transmission-line-like where the high-voltage and low-voltage windings consists of high-voltage cables that are interleaved wounded. The pulse-forming line consists of 8x40 m long 110-kV coaxial cables, where both ends are connected to the load. Each cable is grounded at 20 m and connected in parallel. The cables have a characteristic impedance of 31 Ω and the parallel set-up makes the pulse-forming line impedance 2 Ω. The total length, height and width of the pulse generator are 4 m, 2 m and 1.2 m respectively.
{"title":"45 GW pulsed-power generator","authors":"Adam Lindbloma, A. Larsson, H. Bernhoff, M. Leijon","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652419","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of a 45 GW pulsed-power generator with an impedance of 2 Ω is presented. The generator can deliver a rectangular pulse of 300 kV with duration of 200 ns across a matched load. The generator is designed to be able to deliver a voltage of 500 kV into a 10 Ω unmatched load with an electric power of 25 GW. The primary energy storage of the generator consists of a 50 kV, 20 kJ capacitor bank. The 50 kV is discharged into a 1:12 transformer that charges a pulse-forming line to 600 kV. When charged, the pulse-forming line is discharged into the load via a spark gap. The transformer is of the type transmission-line-like where the high-voltage and low-voltage windings consists of high-voltage cables that are interleaved wounded. The pulse-forming line consists of 8x40 m long 110-kV coaxial cables, where both ends are connected to the load. Each cable is grounded at 20 m and connected in parallel. The cables have a characteristic impedance of 31 Ω and the parallel set-up makes the pulse-forming line impedance 2 Ω. The total length, height and width of the pulse generator are 4 m, 2 m and 1.2 m respectively.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128066316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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