Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651958
B. Huhman, R. Allen, G. Cooperstein, D. Mosherb, J. Schumer, F. Young
The Hybrid Radiation Source (HRS) is a compact pulsed power generator consisting of a commercial flash x-ray system that has been retrofitted with a custom front-end assembly, replacing a sealed glass tube1. A new high impedance (∼120 Ohm) space-charge-limited (SCL) diode was fielded on the HRS. This diode produces a ∼ 1.6 mm diameter x-ray spot suitable for high-resolution radiography2. This system has been modified by extending the diode from the generator with a one-meter-long vacuum transmission line. Also, the anode has been oriented to point perpendicular to the transmission-line axis. The extension and re-direction allow for the placement of the high-yield, small-spot-size, HRS radiographic source in previously unreachable locations. Parameters such as voltage, current, and source size have been measured and analyzed, allowing for optimization of the radiographic source. Discussion will also include circuit diagrams, simulation models, and diagnostic traces.
{"title":"A compact, 1-MV, 6-kA radiography source with a onemeter extension and right-angle bend","authors":"B. Huhman, R. Allen, G. Cooperstein, D. Mosherb, J. Schumer, F. Young","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651958","url":null,"abstract":"The Hybrid Radiation Source (HRS) is a compact pulsed power generator consisting of a commercial flash x-ray system that has been retrofitted with a custom front-end assembly, replacing a sealed glass tube1. A new high impedance (∼120 Ohm) space-charge-limited (SCL) diode was fielded on the HRS. This diode produces a ∼ 1.6 mm diameter x-ray spot suitable for high-resolution radiography2. This system has been modified by extending the diode from the generator with a one-meter-long vacuum transmission line. Also, the anode has been oriented to point perpendicular to the transmission-line axis. The extension and re-direction allow for the placement of the high-yield, small-spot-size, HRS radiographic source in previously unreachable locations. Parameters such as voltage, current, and source size have been measured and analyzed, allowing for optimization of the radiographic source. Discussion will also include circuit diagrams, simulation models, and diagnostic traces.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"17 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125793677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652364
A. Welleman, W. Fleischmann, W. Kaesler
This presentation is about semiconductor devices used for On-Off pulse switching applications and used in a 12 kVdc / 3.2kA / 10 Hz solid state switch assembly. The switch assembly is built-up with IGCT (Integrated Gate Controlled Thyristors) and used for long pulse (1.7 ms) Klystron modulators. The design was made in 2002 and successfully implemented in the Tesla Test Facility (TTF) at DESY in Hamburg / Germany. The components and switches are in the position to switch and interrupt safely up to 4 kA. The presentation will inform about the IGCT devices, switch development, construction, production and commissioning of the complete assembly. Also reliability figures will be presented, and the last 4 years of operation have shown that the switches are extremely rugged. Several IGCT switches are in use in pulse modulators built by PPT Puls Plasmatechnik GmbH and this technology has resulted in a breakthrough for solid state switches in modulator applications. By using different silicon diameters for the devices, different current and pulse repetition rates can be achieved. A new improved version of the switch design is under development.
{"title":"Solid state on-off switches using IGCT technology","authors":"A. Welleman, W. Fleischmann, W. Kaesler","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4652364","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation is about semiconductor devices used for On-Off pulse switching applications and used in a 12 kVdc / 3.2kA / 10 Hz solid state switch assembly. The switch assembly is built-up with IGCT (Integrated Gate Controlled Thyristors) and used for long pulse (1.7 ms) Klystron modulators. The design was made in 2002 and successfully implemented in the Tesla Test Facility (TTF) at DESY in Hamburg / Germany. The components and switches are in the position to switch and interrupt safely up to 4 kA. The presentation will inform about the IGCT devices, switch development, construction, production and commissioning of the complete assembly. Also reliability figures will be presented, and the last 4 years of operation have shown that the switches are extremely rugged. Several IGCT switches are in use in pulse modulators built by PPT Puls Plasmatechnik GmbH and this technology has resulted in a breakthrough for solid state switches in modulator applications. By using different silicon diameters for the devices, different current and pulse repetition rates can be achieved. A new improved version of the switch design is under development.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122010232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651834
J. Benford
A variety of methods have been suggested for transferring energy from Earth-to-space, space-to-Earth, and space-to-space using high power microwave beams. All use power beaming. Microwave beams have been studied for propelling spacecraft for launch to orbit, orbit raising, launch from orbit into interplanetary and interstellar space and deployment of large space structures. The microwave thermal rocket, called the ‘microwave thermal thruster’, is a reusable single stage vehicle that uses a high power microwave beam to provide power to a heat-exchanger propulsion system, with double the specific impulse of conventional rockets. It could transform the economics of launch to space. Microwave propelled sails are a new class of spacecraft that promises to revolutionize future space probes. Beam-driven sail flights have now demonstrated the basic features of the beam-driven propulsion. An early mission for microwave space propulsion is dramatically shortening the time needed for sails to escape Earth orbit. Simulations of trajectories and escape time for sails driven by a microwave beam from the surface or from orbit show that resonance methods can reduce escape times from Earth orbit by as much as two orders of magnitude. A number of missions for beam-driven sails have been quantified for high velocity mapping of the outer solar system, Kuiper Belt, the Heliopause, the interstellar medium. The penultimate is the interstellar precursor mission. For this mission class, operating at high acceleration the sail size can be reduced to less than 100 m and accelerating power ∼100 MW focused on the sail. At 1 GW, sail size extends to 200 m and super-lightweight probes reach velocities of 250 km/s for very fast missions. Will such sails riding beams be stable? Experiments and simulations have verified that beam-riding does occur for conical sail shapes. Beams can also carry angular momentum and communicate it to a sail to help control it in flight. Although technical feasibility is the focus here, advocates must also deal with societal issues: interference with unintended targets in the sidelobes, spectrum allocation and potential weaponization. Much of the technical means are already in hand: microwave and millimeter wave array antennas are already in use for astronomy, sources at high frequencies are being developed for fusion and the military. A synergistic way to develop a space power-beaming infrastructure is incremental buildup based on a common module, with lower power applications addressed first, followed by steady upgrading to higher power, larger apertures.
{"title":"Space applications of high power microwaves","authors":"J. Benford","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651834","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of methods have been suggested for transferring energy from Earth-to-space, space-to-Earth, and space-to-space using high power microwave beams. All use power beaming. Microwave beams have been studied for propelling spacecraft for launch to orbit, orbit raising, launch from orbit into interplanetary and interstellar space and deployment of large space structures. The microwave thermal rocket, called the ‘microwave thermal thruster’, is a reusable single stage vehicle that uses a high power microwave beam to provide power to a heat-exchanger propulsion system, with double the specific impulse of conventional rockets. It could transform the economics of launch to space. Microwave propelled sails are a new class of spacecraft that promises to revolutionize future space probes. Beam-driven sail flights have now demonstrated the basic features of the beam-driven propulsion. An early mission for microwave space propulsion is dramatically shortening the time needed for sails to escape Earth orbit. Simulations of trajectories and escape time for sails driven by a microwave beam from the surface or from orbit show that resonance methods can reduce escape times from Earth orbit by as much as two orders of magnitude. A number of missions for beam-driven sails have been quantified for high velocity mapping of the outer solar system, Kuiper Belt, the Heliopause, the interstellar medium. The penultimate is the interstellar precursor mission. For this mission class, operating at high acceleration the sail size can be reduced to less than 100 m and accelerating power ∼100 MW focused on the sail. At 1 GW, sail size extends to 200 m and super-lightweight probes reach velocities of 250 km/s for very fast missions. Will such sails riding beams be stable? Experiments and simulations have verified that beam-riding does occur for conical sail shapes. Beams can also carry angular momentum and communicate it to a sail to help control it in flight. Although technical feasibility is the focus here, advocates must also deal with societal issues: interference with unintended targets in the sidelobes, spectrum allocation and potential weaponization. Much of the technical means are already in hand: microwave and millimeter wave array antennas are already in use for astronomy, sources at high frequencies are being developed for fusion and the military. A synergistic way to develop a space power-beaming infrastructure is incremental buildup based on a common module, with lower power applications addressed first, followed by steady upgrading to higher power, larger apertures.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128072308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345667
C. Yamada, T. Ueno, T. Namihira, T. Sakugawa, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama
The micro plasma technology is used in various fields such as processing or chemical analysis of minute material, short-wavelength light source, and plasma function device. The plasmas can be generated by an electric discharge. The miniaturized generator was used to produce these plasmas in the micro-scale area. For such background, the miniaturized Marx generator which has Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) as closing switches was developed to generate micro plasmas. In the miniaturized Marx generator, BJTs were operated in avalanche mode to obtain a faster switching speed with ns order. In this paper, three kinds of BJTs which have different collector current each others were evaluated as closing switch. In the experiment, the BJTs were operated in avalanche mode with higher applied voltage (about twice voltage rating) into the between collector and emitter of BJTs. As the result, as Vc increases, the switching time of BJTs which operated in the avalanche mode was decreases. And, the peak of Ic of three kinds of BJTs which operated in avalanche mode was almost same.
{"title":"Evaluation of BJTs as closing switch of miniaturized Marx generator","authors":"C. Yamada, T. Ueno, T. Namihira, T. Sakugawa, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345667","url":null,"abstract":"The micro plasma technology is used in various fields such as processing or chemical analysis of minute material, short-wavelength light source, and plasma function device. The plasmas can be generated by an electric discharge. The miniaturized generator was used to produce these plasmas in the micro-scale area. For such background, the miniaturized Marx generator which has Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) as closing switches was developed to generate micro plasmas. In the miniaturized Marx generator, BJTs were operated in avalanche mode to obtain a faster switching speed with ns order. In this paper, three kinds of BJTs which have different collector current each others were evaluated as closing switch. In the experiment, the BJTs were operated in avalanche mode with higher applied voltage (about twice voltage rating) into the between collector and emitter of BJTs. As the result, as Vc increases, the switching time of BJTs which operated in the avalanche mode was decreases. And, the peak of Ic of three kinds of BJTs which operated in avalanche mode was almost same.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128155462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345936
J. Zhoux, K. Samokhvalova, C. Chiping
An adiabatic equilibrium is obtained for an intense, axisymmetric charged-particle beam propagating through a periodic solenoidal focusing field. The thermal beam distribution function is constructed. The beam root-meansquare (rms) envelope equation is derived, and the selfconsistent nonuniform density profile is calculated. Other statistical properties such as flow velocity, temperature, total emittance and rms thermal emittance, equation of state, and Debye length are discussed. Good agreement is found between theory and a recent high-intensity beam experiment.
{"title":"Adiabatic thermal equilibrium for axisymmetic intense beam propagation","authors":"J. Zhoux, K. Samokhvalova, C. Chiping","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345936","url":null,"abstract":"An adiabatic equilibrium is obtained for an intense, axisymmetric charged-particle beam propagating through a periodic solenoidal focusing field. The thermal beam distribution function is constructed. The beam root-meansquare (rms) envelope equation is derived, and the selfconsistent nonuniform density profile is calculated. Other statistical properties such as flow velocity, temperature, total emittance and rms thermal emittance, equation of state, and Debye length are discussed. Good agreement is found between theory and a recent high-intensity beam experiment.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125889688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346020
P. Appelgren, G. Bjarnholt, M. Elfsberg, T. Hurtig, A. Larsson, S. E. Nyholm
This paper presents experimental results with helical magnetic flux-compression generators (FCGs). FCGs convert the chemical energy bond in explosives into electric energy. The generator had an initial inductance of 23 μH and was operated into a load of 0.2 μH. The generator is charged with 0.27 kg of high-explosives (PBXN-5). Various types of diagnostics were used to monitor the operation of the generator, including current probes, optical fibres, and piezo gauges. The results are analysed and the expansion of the armature compared with hydrodynamic simulations.
{"title":"Small helical magnetic flux compression generators: Experiments and analysis.","authors":"P. Appelgren, G. Bjarnholt, M. Elfsberg, T. Hurtig, A. Larsson, S. E. Nyholm","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents experimental results with helical magnetic flux-compression generators (FCGs). FCGs convert the chemical energy bond in explosives into electric energy. The generator had an initial inductance of 23 μH and was operated into a load of 0.2 μH. The generator is charged with 0.27 kg of high-explosives (PBXN-5). Various types of diagnostics were used to monitor the operation of the generator, including current probes, optical fibres, and piezo gauges. The results are analysed and the expansion of the armature compared with hydrodynamic simulations.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126983615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345626
S. Ibuka, F. Furuya, K. Ogura, K. Yasuoka, S. Ishii
High-power atmospheric glow discharges (APGDs) are widely used in various industrial applications. Transient glow microdischarges in ambient air also serve as a plasma source for microprocessing technology. In this study, we developed novel driving technique of the transient glow microdischarge with miniature helium gas flow powered by high-voltage pulse train. It was obtained by using the burst pulse generator with a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL), which consisted of chip monolithic ceramic capacitors as nonlinear elements. Repetitive burst pulses with an output voltage of 2.2 kV and a pulse width of 40 ns were generated. The equivalent frequency of the pulse train was 12.5 MHz. A stabilization effect of the highly repetitive operation on the discharge was confirmed regardless of a short residential time of a helium gas.
{"title":"Atmospheric pressure transient micro glow discharge driven by burst pulse generator with nonlinear transmission line","authors":"S. Ibuka, F. Furuya, K. Ogura, K. Yasuoka, S. Ishii","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4345626","url":null,"abstract":"High-power atmospheric glow discharges (APGDs) are widely used in various industrial applications. Transient glow microdischarges in ambient air also serve as a plasma source for microprocessing technology. In this study, we developed novel driving technique of the transient glow microdischarge with miniature helium gas flow powered by high-voltage pulse train. It was obtained by using the burst pulse generator with a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL), which consisted of chip monolithic ceramic capacitors as nonlinear elements. Repetitive burst pulses with an output voltage of 2.2 kV and a pulse width of 40 ns were generated. The equivalent frequency of the pulse train was 12.5 MHz. A stabilization effect of the highly repetitive operation on the discharge was confirmed regardless of a short residential time of a helium gas.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127469967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651779
M. Matzen
A combination of theory, simulation, and high-quality experiments has enabled significant progress in many high energy density science applications. While the recent science and engineering of pulsed power has been focused on the refurbishment of Z and developing advanced radiographic capabilities, discovery and innovation in the fundamental architecture of pulsed power systems have also made significant advances. This progress started in 1996 when the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA II), which began operation in 1985, was converted to the Z facility. The Z Refurbishment (ZR) project began six years later, driven by the need for more capacity (the ability to perform more experiments), improved precision (more precise pulse shaping, longer pulses, and reduced jitter), and more capability (higher energy delivered to the load and better diagnostic access). Over the past year, the Z facility was completely dismantled and rebuilt with newly designed components within the same basic 36-module architecture. With the completion of this project in 2007, the pulsed power sciences program at Sandia will work with many collaborators to apply this new capability to many areas of high energy density science, including z-pinch-driven inertial confinement fusion, dynamic materials properties, and radiation hydrodynamics. This paper summarizes recent and planned research on the Z facility, the ZR Project, advances in high-photon-energy radiography, derivative applications of the pulsed power program, and advances in the science of pulsed power that could revolutionize the next-generation facilities.
{"title":"Pulsed power sciences at Sandia National Laboratories - The next generation","authors":"M. Matzen","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651779","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of theory, simulation, and high-quality experiments has enabled significant progress in many high energy density science applications. While the recent science and engineering of pulsed power has been focused on the refurbishment of Z and developing advanced radiographic capabilities, discovery and innovation in the fundamental architecture of pulsed power systems have also made significant advances. This progress started in 1996 when the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator (PBFA II), which began operation in 1985, was converted to the Z facility. The Z Refurbishment (ZR) project began six years later, driven by the need for more capacity (the ability to perform more experiments), improved precision (more precise pulse shaping, longer pulses, and reduced jitter), and more capability (higher energy delivered to the load and better diagnostic access). Over the past year, the Z facility was completely dismantled and rebuilt with newly designed components within the same basic 36-module architecture. With the completion of this project in 2007, the pulsed power sciences program at Sandia will work with many collaborators to apply this new capability to many areas of high energy density science, including z-pinch-driven inertial confinement fusion, dynamic materials properties, and radiation hydrodynamics. This paper summarizes recent and planned research on the Z facility, the ZR Project, advances in high-photon-energy radiography, derivative applications of the pulsed power program, and advances in the science of pulsed power that could revolutionize the next-generation facilities.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124824052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651851
D. Murphy, B. Weber, R. Commisso, J. Apruzese, D. Mosher
A vacuum-voltmeter[ 1 ] (VVM) was fielded on the Saturn pulsed-power generator during a series of 12-MA short-circuit, 6-MA aluminum wire-array z-pinch, and 6 MA argon Plasma Radiation Source (PRS) shots. The VVM was connected to the convolute structure in the vacuum chamber above the load. This arrangement permitted the VVM to directly measure the time-resolved voltage between the ground side of the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) anode and the negative high-voltage cathode feed to the load. The time-resolved voltage and the separately-measured load current are used to determine several dynamic properties during the wire or gas-puff load implosion, namely, the inductance, L(t), coupled energy delivered to the load, Ecoupled(t), and the load radius, r(t). We report here the results of these tests for a fixed inductance short-circuit load and a 12-cm diameter, argon gas-puff load. We correlate the time dependent electrical parameters with the radiation output from the imploding loads. In particular, we observe electrical energy being delivered to the pinch during and after the radiation pulse.[2][3]
{"title":"Time-resolved voltage measurements of imploding radiation sources at 6 MA with a vacuum voltmeter","authors":"D. Murphy, B. Weber, R. Commisso, J. Apruzese, D. Mosher","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4651851","url":null,"abstract":"A vacuum-voltmeter[ 1 ] (VVM) was fielded on the Saturn pulsed-power generator during a series of 12-MA short-circuit, 6-MA aluminum wire-array z-pinch, and 6 MA argon Plasma Radiation Source (PRS) shots. The VVM was connected to the convolute structure in the vacuum chamber above the load. This arrangement permitted the VVM to directly measure the time-resolved voltage between the ground side of the magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) anode and the negative high-voltage cathode feed to the load. The time-resolved voltage and the separately-measured load current are used to determine several dynamic properties during the wire or gas-puff load implosion, namely, the inductance, L(t), coupled energy delivered to the load, Ecoupled(t), and the load radius, r(t). We report here the results of these tests for a fixed inductance short-circuit load and a 12-cm diameter, argon gas-puff load. We correlate the time dependent electrical parameters with the radiation output from the imploding loads. In particular, we observe electrical energy being delivered to the pinch during and after the radiation pulse.[2][3]","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121929210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-06-17DOI: 10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346300
A. Kingsep, S. Anan’ev, Y. Bakshaev, A. Bartov, P. Blinov, A. Chernenko, S. Danko, G. Dolgachev, Y. Kalinin, E. Kazakov, V. Korolev, D. Maslennikov, V. Mizhiritsky, V. Smirnov
A series of experiments has been carried out at the linear current flow densities up to 7 MA/cm, aimed at physical modeling of magnetically insulated transmission line of the Inertial Fusion Energy reactor based on the fast Z-pinch. The goals of these experiments were as follows: a) the study of the near-electrode plasma and its effect on the energy transfer; b) determination of the critical MITL parameters to foresee possible restrictions on the efficiency of IFE reactor. The loads were fabricated on the base of foam as profiled cylinders of (3–5) mm in diameter and with 30 mg/cm3 density, with the neck in its central part of about 1 mm in diameter. The goal of this series of experiments was the investigation of plasma dynamics in the Z-pinch neck and the mechanism of neutron generation accompanying the current-driven implosion. The prospects of application plasma opening switches as output cascades of pulsed power generators of megajoule range is studied on base of RS-20 machine. By using the programmed fill the diode gap by plasma, the suppression of pre-pulse has been achieved and shortening the pulse from 40 μs to 100 ns has been obtained.
{"title":"Pulsed power experiments at the Kurchatov Institute aimed at ICF","authors":"A. Kingsep, S. Anan’ev, Y. Bakshaev, A. Bartov, P. Blinov, A. Chernenko, S. Danko, G. Dolgachev, Y. Kalinin, E. Kazakov, V. Korolev, D. Maslennikov, V. Mizhiritsky, V. Smirnov","doi":"10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPPS.2007.4346300","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments has been carried out at the linear current flow densities up to 7 MA/cm, aimed at physical modeling of magnetically insulated transmission line of the Inertial Fusion Energy reactor based on the fast Z-pinch. The goals of these experiments were as follows: a) the study of the near-electrode plasma and its effect on the energy transfer; b) determination of the critical MITL parameters to foresee possible restrictions on the efficiency of IFE reactor. The loads were fabricated on the base of foam as profiled cylinders of (3–5) mm in diameter and with 30 mg/cm3 density, with the neck in its central part of about 1 mm in diameter. The goal of this series of experiments was the investigation of plasma dynamics in the Z-pinch neck and the mechanism of neutron generation accompanying the current-driven implosion. The prospects of application plasma opening switches as output cascades of pulsed power generators of megajoule range is studied on base of RS-20 machine. By using the programmed fill the diode gap by plasma, the suppression of pre-pulse has been achieved and shortening the pulse from 40 μs to 100 ns has been obtained.","PeriodicalId":275106,"journal":{"name":"2007 16th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123078023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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