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DECRIMINALIZATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR INSULTING THE PERSON: IT IS NECESSARY NOT TO LIBERALIZE, BUT TO MODERNIZE THE LEGISLATION 侮辱人身的刑事责任非刑罪化:立法不应自由化,而应现代化
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-136-146
Dmitry Ishchenko .
The article is devoted to the study of the problems of law enforcement practice on the application of administrative responsibility for insulting a person. The current legislation divides these offenses by special compositions into criminal offenses and general ones into administrative offenses. The article analyzes statistical data and examples of law enforcement activities, which indicate the priority right to protect victims with special statuses, in particular, representatives of state authorities. It has been substantiated that today it is necessary to take the following measures of a legal and organizational nature: to provide for criminal liability for insult in case of repeated commission of an offense by a person subjected to administrative punishment for a similar offense within a year; to legislate the definition of «indecent form» of insult; take into account another form that is humiliating and offending to public morality; to establish normatively the criteria for assessing the offensiveness of words, expressions and actions; consider the possibility of introducing the punishment of administrative arrest; significantly toughen sanctions by increasing the size of fines.
本文对侮辱人行政责任适用的执法实践问题进行了研究。现行立法将这些违法行为按特殊构成分为刑事犯罪,一般构成分为行政犯罪。本文分析了统计数据和执法活动的实例,这些实例表明了保护具有特殊地位的受害者,特别是国家当局代表的优先权利。事实证明,今天有必要采取下列法律和组织性质的措施:规定因类似罪行而受到行政处罚的人在一年内重复犯罪时对侮辱的刑事责任;立法定义侮辱的“不雅形式”;考虑另一种侮辱和违反公共道德的形式;规范地建立评价言语、表情和行为冒犯性的标准;考虑引入行政逮捕处罚的可能性;通过增加罚款规模大幅加强制裁。
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引用次数: 0
PROBLEMS OF CONTRACTUAL REGULATION OF PENALTIES IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC TRANSACTIONS: ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE 涉外经济交易中处罚的契约规制问题:执法实践制度分析
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-243-249
N. Ablyatipova
In the context of the rapidly developing process of globalization, one of the priority tasks of any civilized state is to create favorable conditions for foreign economic activity. The position of the state in international economic relations not only determines the authority of the state on the world stage, but also has a positive effect in domestic economic activity. In this regard, the states seek to create a favorable legal regulation of foreign economic turnover, providing its participants with reliable methods of legal protection in case of violations of obligations by counterparties. The main purpose of the work is to study and identify the features of the regulation of the institution of penalty in foreign economic contracts. The article considers various approaches to understanding the institution of penalty. The analysis of the existing judicial practice on the reflection of the penalty clause in foreign economic contracts is given.
在全球化进程迅速发展的背景下,为对外经济活动创造有利条件是任何文明国家的首要任务之一。国家在国际经济关系中的地位不仅决定了国家在世界舞台上的权威,而且对国内经济活动也有积极的影响。在这方面,各国寻求为外国经济周转创造有利的法律规定,在对手方违反义务的情况下为其参与者提供可靠的法律保护方法。本研究的主要目的是研究和识别涉外经济合同处罚制度规制的特点。本文考虑了理解刑罚制度的各种途径。对现行涉外经济合同中处罚条款体现的司法实践进行了分析。
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引用次数: 0
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING TECHNOLOGY COMBAT TECHNIQUES OF FIGHTING IN THE SYSTEM OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS 内务部系统作战技术改进方向
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-231-236
M. Chunosov, M. Taranin
The article deals with the peculiarities of internal affairs officers’ preparation for professional activity. It is noted that the professional activity of an employee of internal affairs bodies places high demands on his personal qualities, professional and physical training. It is shown that the basic skills of an adequate response of a police officer to dangerous conditions of the external environment are formed in the system of professional training of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, at the lessons on physical training, as well as during self-study. Attention is focused on the problems in the implementation of training, namely on the fact that the techniques of fighting techniques described in normative legal documents are not adapted to the conditions of operational and service tasks in real-life situations and have technical flaws. The authors have analyzed the directions of improvement of fighting techniques and have drawn conclusions about the expediency of constant modification of fighting techniques.
本文论述了内务人员专业活动准备的特点。委员会指出,内务机构雇员的专业活动对其个人素质、专业和体能训练提出了很高的要求。这表明,在俄罗斯内务部的专业培训系统中,在体育训练课程中以及在自学过程中,形成了一名警官对外部环境危险条件作出适当反应的基本技能。重点关注训练实施中的问题,即规范性法律文件中所描述的格斗技术不适应现实情况下的作战和服务任务条件,存在技术缺陷。分析了搏击技术改进的方向,得出了搏击技术不断改进的有益结论。
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引用次数: 0
THE PROSECUTOR’S POSITION ON A CRIMINAL CASE IN THE ASPECT OF ITS INCONSISTENCY 检察官对刑事案件的立场在其不一致方面
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-100-104
S. Arsentieva, A. Savchenko
The article analyzes the situations when, when considering criminal cases, the prosecutor (the prosecutor picks himself up in the article and the status of the public prosecutor) changes his opinion regarding the accusation approved in the indictment, when the verdict is passed in a special order. According to the authors, for a more effective prosecutor’s supervision over the preliminary investigation and a more responsible approach of prosecutors in developing a position while maintaining a charge in court, it is necessary to amend the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.
文章分析了在审理刑事案件的过程中,检察官(在文章中是检察官的自我辩护和检察官的身份)在特别判决过程中,对公诉书中认定的指控改变意见的情况。发件人认为,为了使检察官对初步调查的监督更有效,为了使检察官在维持法庭指控的同时采取更负责任的态度,有必要修改俄罗斯联邦的《刑事诉讼法》。
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引用次数: 0
PROSECUTOR’S SUPERVISION OVER THE LEGALITY OF PROVIDING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO SUFFICIENT AS A RESULT OF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION 检察官对在紧急情况下提供财政援助的合法性的监督是充分的
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-119-129
Y. Basova
The article analyzes the law enforcement practice, in particular the practice of prosecutorial supervision, judicial practice, on the appointment and payment of financial assistance to victims of an emergency. On the basis of the study, the main situations are identified that dictate the need for systematic work in building an integral legislative framework for ensuring the rights of citizens in an emergency situation, in particular: the legality of defining the boundaries of an emergency zone, including all affected territories of settlements in it; the validity of including the affected citizens in the lists for receiving social compensation, the completeness of the formation of such lists. The aim of the study is to form ideas about the existing law enforcement practice on ensuring the rule of law in the formation of lists of citizens affected by the emergency, as well as the payment of material assistance to them. In the above study, it is noted that the legal levers used in the supervisory activities of the prosecutor’s office are primarily aimed at ensuring and protecting the rights and freedoms of affected citizens, and are also designed to facilitate finding the activities of authorized entities in the legal field and provide a real solution to the tasks they face in conditions the occurrence of an emergency. As a result of the study, a number of author’s proposals have been proposed, the purpose of which is to create effective, transparent, understandable conditions for the law enforcement officer to provide financial assistance to citizens affected by an emergency.
本文分析了我国的执法实践,特别是检察监督实践、司法实践中对突发事件受害人的聘任金和经济援助金的支付问题。在这项研究的基础上,确定了需要有系统地建立一个整体立法框架的主要情况,以确保紧急情况下公民的权利,特别是:确定紧急地区边界的合法性,包括其中所有受影响的领土和定居点;将受影响公民列入领取社会补偿名单的有效性,此种名单编制的完整性。这项研究的目的是形成对现有执法实践的看法,以确保在编制受紧急情况影响的公民名单以及向他们支付物质援助方面的法治。在上述研究中指出,在检察官办公室的监督活动中使用的法律手段主要是为了确保和保护受影响公民的权利和自由,而且还旨在促进查明法律领域授权实体的活动,并为它们在发生紧急情况时面临的任务提供真正的解决办法。根据这项研究,提出了一些提交人的建议,其目的是为执法人员向受紧急情况影响的公民提供财政援助创造有效、透明和可理解的条件。
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引用次数: 0
ENSURING THE RIGHT OF CITIZENS TO EQUAL ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE LEGAL POSITIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 确保公民有平等机会担任俄罗斯联邦宪法法院法律职务的权利
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-72-81
Alexey N. Nifanov, M. Afanasyeva
The article covers the theoretical and practical aspects of the activities of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to ensure the right of citizens to equal access to public service. An attempt is made to systematize the array of legal positions of the Constitutional Court on chronological and thematic grounds. Examples of final decisions of the Constitutional Court of Russia related to ensuring the right of citizens to equal access to state and municipal service are given.
该条涵盖了俄罗斯联邦宪法法院为确保公民平等获得公共服务的权利而开展的活动的理论和实践方面。试图将宪法法院的法律职位按时间顺序和主题顺序系统化。列举了俄罗斯宪法法院关于确保公民平等获得国家和市政服务的权利的最后决定的例子。
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引用次数: 0
PROGRAMMATIC DE-EXTREMIZATION OF MIGRATION PROCESSES: QUESTIONS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE 移民过程的程序化去极端化:理论与实践问题
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-48-57
S. Butkevich
The article considers topical issues of the implementation of migration processes on a national and global scale. In particular, a comprehensive research of the reasons and conditions for the emergence and spread of threats of an extremist and terrorist nature connected with legal and illegal migration, including persons professing Islam, was carried out. Emphasis is placed on the prediction of the development of existing and possible migration risks due to the current geopolitical situation. The main focus is on the analysis of the legislative initiatives of the French Republic concerning countering religious extremism caused by the intensification of migration processes from the countries of Africa and Asia. In addition, the article gives a detailed description of the problems of migrants and refugees during their assimilation, which can be used for illegal purposes, including those aimed at involving them in extremist or terrorist activities. At the same time, the state of the native (local) population associated with uncontrolled migration which can lead to migrant-phobia, protest activity, radicalization of society and destructive activity are described. Also, the interrelation of extremist activity with the radicalization of religion is not put aside. The study of migration processes in the European Union and the law-making of the French Republic in this field made it possible to develop author’s recommendations for improving the law-making work, law enforcement practice, law enforcement and human rights activities in this segment of ensuring national and collective security.
本文考虑了在国家和全球范围内实施移民进程的专题问题。特别是对与合法和非法移徙有关的极端主义和恐怖主义性质的威胁的出现和蔓延的原因和条件进行了全面研究,其中包括信奉伊斯兰教的人。重点是预测当前地缘政治形势下现有的和可能的移民风险的发展。主要的重点是分析法兰西共和国关于打击因非洲和亚洲国家移民进程加剧而造成的宗教极端主义的立法倡议。此外,该条还详细描述了移民和难民在同化过程中的问题,这些问题可能被用于非法目的,包括那些旨在使他们参与极端主义或恐怖主义活动的目的。与此同时,描述了与不受控制的移徙有关的土著(当地)人口状况,这种移徙可能导致移民恐惧症、抗议活动、社会激进化和破坏性活动。此外,极端主义活动与宗教激进化的相互关系也不容忽视。对欧洲联盟的移徙进程和法兰西共和国在这一领域的立法的研究使作者能够提出建议,以改进确保国家和集体安全这一部分的立法工作、执法做法、执法和人权活动。
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引用次数: 0
COMBATING EXTREMIST CRIMES IN RUSSIA 打击俄罗斯的极端主义犯罪
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-186-199
A. Popov
Today, extremism is one of the main threats to the security of the entire world community, including the Russian Federation. Today, it is a multifactorial problem of our time, both for the entire world community and for the Russian Federation, which has both domestic and foreign policy components. These manifestations form an environment that threatens the progressive development of the world community as a whole, and the Russian Federation in particular. The history of extremism in the context of a political phenomenon indicates its firm tendency to sustainable development and expansion. Various researchers note such trends today have the forms of a network and a global kind, with all this, the threats of extremism are a modern element of world destruction, and also represent the most dangerous challenges for the development of the entire world civilization.
今天,极端主义是对包括俄罗斯联邦在内的整个国际社会安全的主要威胁之一。今天,它是我们时代的一个多因素问题,对整个国际社会和对俄罗斯联邦来说都是如此,俄罗斯联邦的国内和外交政策都是组成部分。这些表现形成了一种环境,威胁到整个国际社会,特别是俄罗斯联邦的逐步发展。极端主义在一种政治现象背景下的历史表现出其持续发展和扩张的坚定趋势。各种研究人员指出,当今这种趋势具有网络和全球的形式,因此,极端主义的威胁是破坏世界的现代因素,也是对整个世界文明发展的最危险的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
SOME FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN PROSECUTOR’S OFFICES REGULATIONS OF THE LAW ON THE PRESENTATION OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE ADDRESSES OF SITES AND (OR) PAGES OF SITES IN THE INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK «INTERNET» 检察官办公室执行《关于在信息和电信网络“互联网”上提供有关网站地址和(或)网站页面信息的法律条例》的一些特点
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-159-164
E. Kutsenko
The work is devoted to the study of the problems of presenting information about the addresses of sites and (or) pages of sites on the Internet. The current legislation obliges federal government civil servants and citizens applying for such positions to submit information about the addresses of sites and (or) pages of sites in the information and telecommunications network «Internet», where they posted publicly available information. The possible procedure and algorithms for the implementation of such checks, the appropriate identification and disciplinary proceedings against the perpetrators have been analyzed.
这项工作致力于研究在互联网上呈现关于站点地址和(或)站点页面的信息的问题。现行法律规定,申请此类职位的联邦政府公务员和公民必须提交信息和电信网络“互联网”上发布公开信息的网站地址和(或)网站页面的信息。已经分析了执行这种检查的可能程序和算法、对肇事者的适当查明和纪律程序。
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引用次数: 0
THE PROBLEM OF IMPLEMENTING THE PRINCIPLE OF A REASONABLE PERIOD OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS 刑事诉讼合理期限原则的实施问题
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.29039/2413-1733-2021-7-4-114-118
Inga Pankina, Vsevolod Senator I
The article analyzes the problem of compliance with the principle of criminal procedure — the reasonableness of the timing of criminal proceedings. At present, the number of violations committed by the preliminary investigation bodies related to a reasonable time frame for criminal proceedings has not decreased. The authors analyze the existing mechanism for the implementation of the “principle of a reasonable time in criminal proceedings”. The article proposes the introduction of amendments to the wording of article 6.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, by supplementing the wording of the article with a legislative definition of «the principle of a reasonable period of criminal proceedings.»
本文分析了符合刑事诉讼原则的问题——刑事诉讼时机的合理性问题。目前,初步调查机构违反刑事诉讼合理时限的次数并没有减少。笔者分析了我国现行“刑事诉讼合理时效原则”的实施机制。该条建议对《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法》第6.1条的措辞进行修改,对该条的措辞补充“刑事诉讼合理期间原则”的立法定义
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science
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