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ISSUES RELATED TO THE ACQUISITION OF OWNERSHIP TO THE «ABANDONED» UNDOCUMENTED SHARES OVER THE ISSUER 与获得发行人“遗弃”无证股份的所有权有关的问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-120-126
L. B. Lazarenko, A.U. Bijieva
In the article, the authors describe problematic issues that have existed for many years, in the resolution of which issuers of shares are directly interested. In an effort to put the registers of shareholders in order, reflecting the existing shareholders in them, issuers faced the problem of «abandoned» shares, identifying inactive shareholders for many years for various reasons, including the lack of legal successors of a deceased individual or the liquidation of a legal entity. included in the register of shareholders of the issuer. The authors identified problematic issues related to the acquisition by the issuer of ownership of ownerless shares, since, on the one hand, the legislation does not provide for a mechanism for excluding inactive “deceased” shareholders from the register (this problem is especially acute in closed joint-stock companies, given the limited number of shareholders), which affects the rights and interests of the issuers of shares, on the other hand, violation of the rights of shareholders in the case of illegal alienation of shares through abuse and unfair actions of third parties (including raider takeovers). The absence in modern civil legislation of a clear definition of the status of a non-documentary security, its legal nature in relation to controversial legal relations, regulating property and obligations related to the acquisition of ownership of «abandoned» shares for the issuer, gave rise to disputes among theorists, and also influenced the formation of various judicial practice when considering claims of issuers of shares for the recognition of ownership of ownerless book-entry securities. In the article, the authors, analyzing the current legislation, including civil and securities legislation, the emerging judicial practice, offer their position when considering disputes over claims of issuers about rights to «abandoned» uncertified shares by recognizing by the court the ownership of ownerless («abandoned» owners ) shares for the issuer for their further distribution.
在文章中,作者描述了多年来一直存在的问题,这些问题的解决与股票发行人直接相关。为了使股东名册井然有序,反映现有股东的情况,发行人面临着“被遗弃”股票的问题,由于各种原因,包括缺乏已故个人的合法继承人或法人实体的清算,确定了多年来不活跃的股东。列入发行人股东名册。作者指出了与发行人获得无所有者股份所有权有关的问题,因为一方面,立法没有规定将不活跃的“已故”股东从登记册中排除的机制(由于股东人数有限,这一问题在封闭的股份公司中特别严重),这影响到股票发行人的权利和利益;通过滥用和第三方的不公平行为(包括收购者)非法转让股份,侵犯股东的权利。现代民事立法缺乏对非跟单证券地位的明确定义,其法律性质与有争议的法律关系有关,规范与发行人获得“放弃”股份所有权有关的财产和义务,引起了理论家之间的争议,也影响了各种司法实践的形成,当考虑股票发行人要求承认无所有者记帐证券的所有权时。在本文中,作者分析了包括民法和证券法在内的现行立法,以及新兴的司法实践,提出了他们在考虑发行人关于“放弃”无证股票的权利主张纠纷时的立场,即法院承认无证股票(“放弃”所有者)的所有权,以便发行人进一步分配。
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引用次数: 0
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT: MATTERS OF SUBJECT JURISDICTION 国际刑事法院:主体管辖事项
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-1-222-236
A. G. Rublev
The International Criminal Court is the result of a long historical process, during which society sought to punish those responsible for serious crimes against humanity, based on the practice of the Nuremberg Court and other special courts. It is proposed to envisage amending the statute of the ICC in order to clarify and expand its jurisdiction.
国际刑事法院是一个长期历史进程的结果,在这一进程中,社会根据纽伦堡法庭和其他特别法庭的做法,寻求惩罚那些对严重危害人类罪行负有责任的人。建议设想修订国际刑事法院规约,以澄清和扩大其管辖权。
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引用次数: 0
ON THE USE OF SPECIALIZED SOFTWARE BY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 关于使用专门的软件由执法机构在组织中使用人工智能
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-148-154
Y. A. Kovtun, A. S. Lagutochkina
The article reveals the issue of improving the operational and investigative support for countering crime by law enforcement agencies through the use of specialized software in the organization of the use of artificial intelligence. The development of information technologies requires the improvement of methods and means of law enforcement activities. Modern realities have formed the need to use the capabilities of artificial intelligence to solve law enforcement tasks. Due to the increase in the computing capabilities of software and hardware complexes, including as a result of the use of graphics processors and distributed computing system architectures, a wide application of machine learning based on a variety of computing systems organized on the principle of neural networks has become available. As an effective tool for countering crime, law enforcement agencies need to have in their arsenal tools for not only monitoring the information space and getting real-time access to information that is stored on a user’s smartphone or computer, on cloud storage, in social networks, on built-in or portable storage devices. Get access to information posted, sent, stored on remote servers, devices of the person being developed through remote monitoring, be able to process large amounts of data and solve complex problems faster than the traditional algorithms currently existing. To obtain the necessary data, it is necessary to use specialized information software of the network environment aimed at solving the tasks of solving and investigating crimes.
本文揭示了通过在组织使用人工智能时使用专门软件来改善执法机构打击犯罪的业务和调查支持的问题。信息技术的发展要求改进执法活动的方法和手段。现代现实已经形成了使用人工智能能力来解决执法任务的需求。由于软件和硬件复合物的计算能力的增加,包括图形处理器和分布式计算系统架构的使用,基于神经网络原理组织的各种计算系统的机器学习的广泛应用已经成为可能。作为打击犯罪的有效工具,执法机构的武库中不仅需要有监控信息空间的工具,还需要有实时访问存储在用户智能手机或计算机、云存储、社交网络、内置或便携式存储设备上的信息的工具。通过远程监控获取正在开发的远程服务器、设备上发布、发送、存储的信息,能够比目前现有的传统算法更快地处理大量数据和解决复杂问题。为了获得必要的数据,需要使用网络环境下专门的信息软件来解决侦破犯罪的任务。
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引用次数: 0
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF GERMANY AND LAND CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS AND THEIR PLACE IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE AUTHORITIES 德国联邦宪法法院和各州宪法法院的宪法和法律地位及其在国家权力机构体系中的地位
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2020-6-2-92-101
S. Trifonov
The article examines and analyzes the legal status of the constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany, examines the functions inherent in this body of constitutional jurisdiction of Germany, the features of its place in the system of bodies of the Federal German state, also pays attention to the land constitutional courts and the features of their status and functioning.
本文考察和分析了德意志联邦共和国宪法法院的法律地位,考察了德意志宪法管辖机构的内在职能及其在德意志联邦国家机构体系中的地位特点,并关注了地方宪法法院及其地位和职能特点。
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引用次数: 0
REISNER’S DOCTRINE OF SUPREME POWER 雷斯纳的至高无上的权力学说
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-2-47-50
O. A. Kvasova
The article analyzes the views of Mikhail Andreevich Reisner on the institution of Supreme power (1868-1928) — a prominent Russian jurist of the early Soviet period, whose ideas were used in socialist state-building. M. A. Reisner’s views were very original. Among the features of the state, he attached key importance to state power as an «organizational idea of people’s political behavior», defining the state through «phantasms» (ideas) of Supreme power.
本文分析了苏联早期杰出的俄罗斯法学家赖斯纳(Mikhail Andreevich Reisner, 1868-1928)关于最高权力制度的观点,并将其思想运用到社会主义国家建设中。M. A. Reisner的观点很有独创性。在国家的特征中,他将国家权力视为“人们政治行为的组织理念”,并通过最高权力的“幻影”(理念)来定义国家。
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引用次数: 0
US – ISRAEL COOPERATION AS A PERMANENT DESTABILIZING FACTOR IN THE MIDDLE EAST 美以合作是中东地区永久的不稳定因素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-161-169
M. A. Kshevitskaia
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the problems of ensuring regional security in the Middle East, primarily through the settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict; the author emphasizes the Israel’s abuse of references to “military necessity”, Israel’s repeated violations of international legal norms related to the institute of occupation, issues of territorial delimitation, peaceful settlement of international disputes, law of external relations, international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as well as actual political, military, financial and moral support from the United States for all actions of Israel; the article provides a list of arguments proving Israel’s unwillingness to take into account the interests of Palestine in the settlement of the conflict, as well as the interest of Israel and the United States in maintaining the confrontation between Israel and Palestine; a special attention is paid to the review of the history of close cooperation (partnership) between the United States and Israel, due to which the United States is unable to be an impartial and fair arbiter in the dispute between Palestine and Israel.
本文专门分析主要通过解决阿拉伯-以色列冲突来确保中东区域安全的问题;发件人强调以色列滥用“军事必要性”的提法,以色列一再违反与占领制度、领土划界问题、和平解决国际争端、对外关系法、国际人道主义法和国际人权法有关的国际法律准则,以及美国对以色列所有行动的实际政治、军事、财政和道义支持;文章列举了一系列论据,证明以色列在解决冲突时不愿意考虑巴勒斯坦的利益,以及以色列和美国在维持以巴对抗方面的利益;特别关注美国和以色列之间密切合作(伙伴关系)的历史,由于美国无法在巴勒斯坦和以色列之间的争端中成为公正和公平的仲裁者。
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引用次数: 0
CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING TRANSPORT SECURITY AND CRIME PREVENTION IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT 在运输领域确保运输安全和预防犯罪的犯罪学方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-217-222
I. Sementsova, E. Fedorova
Focusing on the importance of the transport industry, the authors consider the issues of crime prevention in the field of transport. Taking into account the current state of transport legal relations, the conclusion is formulated about the need to form a stable transport security system. As one of their main activities in the fight against transport crime, the article systematically analyzes measures aimed at its prevention. Objects, subjects, priority directions of preventive impact are determined.
针对交通运输业的重要性,作者对交通运输领域的犯罪预防问题进行了思考。结合我国运输法律关系的现状,提出了建立稳定的运输保障体系的必要性。作为公安机关打击交通运输犯罪的主要活动之一,本文系统地分析了交通运输犯罪的预防措施。确定预防影响的对象、主体、优先方向。
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引用次数: 0
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF MINORS FOR CRIMES COMMITTED OUT OF HOOLIGAN IMPACTIONS 未成年人因受流氓影响而犯罪的刑事责任
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-1-355-361
J.I. Vetchinova
The article is devoted to the investigation of the criminal liability of minors for acts that contain signs of modern hooliganism in Russia. The very concept of “criminal liability” is examined in detail, as well as the age at which it comes. Particular attention is paid to the prevalence of hooliganism among minors, as it is one of the most dangerous types of crimes against public order.The author concludes that the tendency to humanize the criminal liability of minors does not mean conniv-ance in relation to juvenile delinquents. Every person, including a teenager, must remember that you can’t live in a society, team, family and be free from the obligation to comply with the norms and rules that exist there.
这篇文章是专门调查未成年人的刑事责任的行为,包含现代流氓罪的迹象在俄罗斯。本书详细探讨了“刑事责任”的概念及其产生的年龄。特别注意未成年人中普遍存在的流氓行为,因为这是危害公共秩序的最危险的犯罪类型之一。笔者认为,未成年人刑事责任人格化的倾向并不意味着对未成年犯的纵容。每个人,包括青少年,都必须记住,生活在一个社会、团队、家庭中,你不可能不遵守那里存在的规范和规则。
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引用次数: 0
THE RIGHT-SUPPORTING FUNCTION OF THE INVESTIGATOR: THE CONCEPT AND DIRECTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION 调查员的权利支持功能:概念与实施方向
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-1-177-184
R. S. Asanov
Аs one of the functions of the investigator, legal support activities gained priority after the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, but at the conceptual level in the modern science of criminal procedure has not been studied, and at the normative level in a systematic form is not presented. The traditional interpre-tation of this function of the investigator, proposed by Professor A.M. Larin back in 1986, does not fully reflect the essence of the work of the preliminary investigation body in this direction, and therefore, it is supplemented with the missing element. On the basis of a single criterion, the author also identifies five areas of implementation of the investigator’s legal support function, which allows us to get a clear idea of its content.
Аs作为调查人员的职能之一,法律支助活动在俄罗斯联邦宪法通过后获得了优先地位,但在现代刑事诉讼科学的概念层面上尚未进行研究,在规范层面上也未以系统的形式提出。研究者这一职能的传统解释是由A.M.1986年的Larin报告没有充分反映初步调查机构在这方面工作的实质,因此补充了缺少的内容。在单一标准的基础上,作者还确定了侦查人员法律支持职能的五个实施领域,从而使我们对其内容有一个清晰的认识。
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引用次数: 0
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF BRINGING PETTY HOOLIGANISM TO ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY 将小流氓行为纳入行政责任的问题
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-42-49
Y. Mishina
The article considers certain aspects of liability under Article 20.1 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. The author examines law enforcement practice, analyzes shortcomings related to the qualification of petty hooliganism, the procedural processing of protocols on administrative offenses and other documents, and served as the basis for returning materials for revision or termination of proceedings in the case. Methods are proposed to determine the specific manifestations and boundaries of petty hooliganism at the stage of deciding to initiate an administrative offense case. The author concludes that it is necessary to expand the signs of the objective side of petty theft and clarify the disposition of Part 1 of Art. 20.1 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
该条审议了《俄罗斯联邦行政法典》第20.1条规定的责任的某些方面。笔者考察了执法实践,分析了小偷小换的认定条件、行政违法议定书的程序处理和其他文书等方面的不足,并以此为依据退回案件中修改或终止诉讼的材料。提出了在行政犯罪立案决定阶段确定小偷小摸的具体表现形式和界限的方法。作者的结论是,有必要扩大小偷小盗的客观方面的标志,并澄清《俄罗斯联邦行政法典》第20.1条第1部分的处分。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science
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