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SCIENTIFIC AND PRESENTATION MODEL OF MINIMIZING HUMAN RIGHTS RISKS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE 将国家活动中的人权风险降至最低的科学和呈现模式
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-94-100
Alevtina E. Novikova
The current strategic tasks of creating an unshakable human rights status of the Russian Federation presuppose the existence of a solidary and safe human rights space, creatively supported by all the resources and means intended for this purpose. However, despite the generally recognized effective human rights institutions at the national and international levels, human rights under the influence of challenges and threats identified as risks are still vulnerable and need to be guaranteed and ensured.One of the ways to resolve the current situation is to update the constitutional-sectoral theoretical and practical approach to the implementation of human rights activities. In this regard, we have developed and presented the minimizing aspect of the constitutional theory of human rights risks in the framework of this article.
目前在俄罗斯联邦建立不可动摇的人权地位的战略任务的先决条件是存在一个团结和安全的人权空间,并为此目的提供所有资源和手段的创造性支持。然而,尽管在国家和国际两级都有公认有效的人权机构,但在被确定为风险的挑战和威胁的影响下,人权仍然脆弱,需要得到保障和确保。解决目前局势的方法之一是更新执行人权活动的宪法部门理论和实践方法。在这方面,我们在本文的框架内发展并提出了人权风险的宪法理论的最小化方面。
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引用次数: 0
CONCILIATION PROCEDURES AS ALTERNATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL GUARANTEES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF JUDICIAL POWER 调解程序作为执行司法权原则的替代性宪法和法律保障
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-108-116
S. Trifonov, R. A. Lubsky
In this article, the author examines the features of the constitutional and legal subinstitution of multiple citizenship, analyzes the social, political, legal prerequisites for the emergence of this phenomenon, the features of the regulation of multiple citizenship in individual states. Examples of successful, coordinated settlement of cases of multiple citizenship are considered and ways of possible overcoming of collisions arising in the presence of several citizenships of an individual are analyzed.In conclusion, the authors point out that the principle of effective citizenship is a universal means of preventing and eliminating cases of multiple citizenship. Its criteria are permanent residence or most frequent stay; place of work, military or public service; the place where the person actually enjoys his civil or political rights; sometimes — the location of real estate. It is rightly noted that the prevention of multiple citizenship and the elimination of such cases is carried out using both domestic and international legal means.
本文考察了多元公民身份的宪法和法律附属制度的特征,分析了这一现象产生的社会、政治、法律前提,以及个别国家对多元公民身份的规制特征。考虑了成功的、协调解决多个公民身份案件的例子,并分析了可能克服在个人存在多个公民身份时产生的冲突的方法。最后,作者指出有效公民权原则是预防和消除多重公民权案件的普遍手段。其标准是永久居留或最频繁居留;工作地点、军队或公共服务;(二)实际享有公民权利或者政治权利的场所;有时是房地产的位置。应当正确地指出,防止多重国籍和消除这种情况是利用国内和国际法律手段进行的。
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引用次数: 0
TWO METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF THE LEGAL CONTENT OF THE PROVISIONS OF CIVIL LEGISLATION 民事立法规定的法律内容研究有两种方法论途径
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-1-281-288
V. Onischenko
The article analyzes the existing approaches to the study and identification of the legal content of the provisions of civil legislation. It is stated that the prevailing approach cannot be called methodological at all, since it is based on intuition and does not involve the use of any methodological tools. This approach dominates the practice of applying the provisions of civil legislation in Russia. Dissatisfaction with this approach to the study and identification of the legal content of the provisions of civil legislation acts has led to attempts to use the concept of reflexive action of law for this purpose. Without denying the meaning of this concept as a methodological tool for the knowledge of law, the author proves that this tool is unsuitable for the study and identification of the legal content of the provisions of civil legislation. The only methodological tools suitable for this purpose were developed at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries by E. V. Vaskovsky. More than 100 years later, it was improved and adapted to the changed conditions
本文分析了现行民事立法条文法律内容研究与认定的途径。有人指出,现行的方法根本不能称为方法论,因为它是基于直觉,不涉及使用任何方法论工具。这种方式主导了俄罗斯民事立法条款适用的实践。对这种研究和确定民事立法行为规定的法律内容的方法的不满,导致试图为此目的使用法律反身行为的概念。在不否认这一概念作为法学知识的方法论工具的意义的前提下,作者论证了这一工具不适用于研究和识别民事立法规定的法律内容。唯一适合这一目的的方法论工具是由e.v.瓦斯科夫斯基在十九至二十世纪之交开发的。100多年后,它得到了改进,并适应了变化的条件
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引用次数: 0
CRIMINAL LAW AND CONCILIATION AGREEMENTS IN THE MUSCOVY OF THE XVTH–XVIIth CENTURY 16 - 17世纪莫斯科地区的刑法与和解协议
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-2-39-46
A. D. Strunskiy
The issue of possibility of concluding a conciliation agreement on criminal cases in the Muscovy of the XVth–XVIIth centuries is discussed in the article. The regulations of the XIVth–XVIIth century containing pro-visions on the possibility of concluding a conciliation agreement as to the criminal cases are analyzed. The conclusion about the possibility of concluding a conciliation agreement in relation to crimes of private matter is made by the author on the basis of the use of the formal legal method. Robbery and theft, which the legislator began to classify as crimes of a public matter is the only exception. At the same time, with regard to the possibility of concluding a conciliation agreement on cases related to theft, the legislator mitigated the position in the XVIIth century. These conclusions are supported by a microhistorical research of conciliation agreements of the XVIIth century. The author concludes that practice of concluding conciliation agreements in criminal cases of private prosecution was widespread, did not contradict the law, corresponded to legal customs and social context.
本文讨论了15 - 17世纪莫斯科地区刑事案件调解协议的可能性问题。分析了十四、十七世纪关于刑事案件调解协议订立可能性的规定。笔者在运用正式法律方法的基础上,对私事犯罪订立和解协议的可能性作出了结论。抢劫和盗窃是唯一的例外,立法者开始将其归类为公共事务犯罪。同时,关于就与盗窃有关的案件缔结和解协议的可能性,立法者减轻了17世纪的立场。这些结论得到了对18世纪和解协议的微观历史研究的支持。发件人的结论是,在自诉刑事案件中缔结和解协议的做法很普遍,不违反法律,符合法律习俗和社会背景。
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引用次数: 0
APPLICATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES FOR INVOLVING A MINOR IN PARTICIPATION IN UNAUTHORIZED PUBLIC EVENTS: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE 未成年人参与未经批准的公共活动行政处罚的适用:国内外经验
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279//2413-1733-2021-7-3(2)-58-65
V. Tsyndrya, S. A. Yuzvak
The article examines the problem of imposing punishment for involving a minor in participation in unauthorized public events, actualized by the growth of protest moods among individual citizens, as well as their groups. The sanction of Part 1.1 of Art. 20.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the main shortcomings made by the legislator in its formulation are revealed. The regularities of the appointment of administrative punishments in the area under consideration were revealed by analyzing the quantitative and qualitative indicators of judicial practice contained in the reporting statistical data on the results of the activities of Russian courts for 2019–2020. and law enforcement practice for 2019–2021. The decisions of the Russian courts in cases of administrative offenses, the responsibility for which is provided for by Part 1.1 of Art. 20.2 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, and established the arguments used by judges to choose the type and amount of administrative punishment. The experience of fixing sanctions for similar administrative offenses in the legislation of a number of post-Soviet states (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine) is considered. Taking into account domestic and foreign experience, it is proposed: to exclude administrative punishment in the form of compulsory work from the sanction of the norm enshrined in Part 1.1 of Art. 20.2 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation; reduce the term of administrative arrest to 10 days; provide for administrative suspension of activity as an administrative penalty for legal entities; consider the expediency of applying to parents who involved their own children in the illegal activities of such mitigating circumstances as “… the commission of an administrative offense by a woman with a young child”, and when imposing an administrative arrest, the grounds for its non-appointment — “the woman has children under the age of fourteen years old «and others.
本文探讨未成年人参与未经授权的公共活动时的惩罚问题,这是由于公民个人和团体的抗议情绪日益高涨。通过对《俄罗斯联邦行政犯罪法》第20.2条第1.1部分的制裁,揭示了立法者在其制定过程中所犯的主要缺陷。通过分析2019-2020年俄罗斯法院活动结果统计数据报告中包含的司法实践数量和质量指标,揭示了所考虑领域行政处罚任命的规律性。以及2019-2021年的执法实践。俄罗斯法院对《俄罗斯联邦行政犯罪法》第20.2条第1.1部分规定其责任的行政违法案件的判决确定了法官选择行政处罚的类型和数额所使用的论据。审议了若干后苏联国家(白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、摩尔多瓦、乌克兰)在立法中对类似行政罪行规定制裁的经验。考虑到国内外经验,建议:将强制性工作形式的行政处罚排除在《俄罗斯联邦行政法典》第20.2条第1.1部分所载规范的制裁之外;将行政拘留期限缩短为十日;规定行政停止活动作为对法人的行政处罚;考虑到对让自己的孩子参与非法活动的父母适用以下减轻情节的权宜之计,如“……带着幼童的妇女犯了行政罪行”,以及在实施行政逮捕时,不任命的理由- -“该妇女有14岁以下的子女”和其他。
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECIDIVISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA 克里米亚共和国累犯的犯罪学特征分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-241-251
T.P. Derevianskaia
Recidivism, like crime in general, is caused by the presence of certain social contradictions in any society and depends on the political, economic and social transformations that are characteristic of this stage of its development. In addition, the Republic of Crimea has distinctive characteristics, which primarily include its political and geographical location, high intensity of migration and transit processes, and resort status. These features have a significant impact on the main indicators of crime in the Republic of Crimea, which have a pronounced regional character. The effectiveness of ensuring the safety of the population from criminal attacks largely depends on taking into account such features. The article analyzes the regional specifics of recidivism in the Republic of Crimea, the state, level, dynamics and structure of recidivism, and considers the expected trends in the criminogenic situation in the near future. The analysis of the above data allows us to conclude that recidivism in the Republic of Crimea has pronounced features, a steady increase in recidivism is revealed.
累犯和一般的犯罪一样,是由任何社会中存在的某些社会矛盾引起的,并取决于作为其发展阶段特征的政治、经济和社会变革。此外,克里米亚共和国具有鲜明的特点,主要包括其政治和地理位置,高强度的移民和过境过程,以及度假胜地的地位。这些特点对克里米亚共和国的主要犯罪指标产生了重大影响,这些指标具有明显的区域特征。确保人民安全免受犯罪袭击的有效性在很大程度上取决于是否考虑到这些特点。文章分析了克里米亚共和国累犯的地域特点,累犯的状态、水平、动态和结构,并对近期犯罪形势的预期趋势进行了思考。通过对上述数据的分析,我们可以得出结论,克里米亚共和国的累犯具有明显的特点,累犯率稳步上升。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE SAIMAA CANAL IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 十九世纪下半叶对塞马运河活动的法律规制
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-1-16-21
A. Gauk
The legal regulation of the activities of the Saimaa Canal began in 1858 with a series of normative legal acts that fixed the norms and distributed the main tasks and activities of its personnel and higher authorities, and was continued by the instruction of 1875. Obviously, it should be noted that in the course of this process, both the already proven methods of organizing the activities of individual parts of water transport routes (games) were used, and, in connection with the reforms taking place in Russia and Finland, the introduction of the Main Department of Transport Routes as a supervisory authority. Given the importance of this structure for the principality, the highest supervisory authority for it was initially determined by the economic department of the Finnish Senate.
对塞马运河活动的法律规制始于1858年,当时制定了一系列规范性法律法案,确定了规范,分配了其人员和上级当局的主要任务和活动,并在1875年的指令中继续进行。显然,应该指出的是,在这一过程中,既使用了已经证明的组织水运路线各部分活动的方法(游戏),也使用了与俄罗斯和芬兰正在进行的改革有关的运输路线主要部门作为监督机构。鉴于这一结构对公国的重要性,其最高监督机构最初由芬兰参议院的经济部门确定。
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引用次数: 0
THE INSTITUTE OF SELF-FINANCING IN THE SOVIET STATE: THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION AND POLITICAL AND LEGAL REGULATION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE «STAGNATION» PERIOD (THE TURN OF 1980) 苏维埃国家的自筹资金制度:“停滞”后半期(1980年初)的理论论证与政治法律规制
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-60-66
L. Rasskazov, I. V. Uporov, V. Rasskazov
The article reveals the theoretical aspects and political and legal features of the development of the institute of economic calculation in the Soviet economy at the final stage of the period of «stagnation» (the second half of the 1970s-the beginning of the 1980s). It is noted that «Kosygin reforms» were carried out in the USSR for a decade and a half to this milestone, where increased attention was paid to household calculation. However, within the framework of a planned socialist economy, this principle did not give the expected effect, and the country’s leadership did not dare to make drastic changes (the introduction of elements of market relations). As a result, the period of» stagnation «was replaced by a relatively short» perestroika», the collapse of the economy and the collapse of the USSR.
本文揭示了苏联经济“停滞”时期最后阶段(1970年代下半叶- 1980年代初)经济计算研究所发展的理论方面和政治法律特征。值得注意的是,“柯西金改革”在苏联进行了15年,直到这个里程碑,人们越来越关注家庭计算。然而,在社会主义计划经济的框架内,这一原则并没有达到预期的效果,国家的领导层也不敢做出剧烈的改变(引入市场关系的要素)。结果,“停滞”时期被相对较短的“改革”时期所取代,即经济崩溃和苏联解体。
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引用次数: 0
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF THE PRELIMINARY AGREEMENT AND THE OPTION TO CONCLUDE THE AGREEMENT 初步协议与签订协议的选择的异同
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-2-209-212
Z. R. Bakhrieva, A. A. Murtazaeva
This study is devoted to the legal analysis and the problem of distinguishing between a preliminary agreement and an option to conclude the agreement. The article analyzes the signs of these legal structures, also concludes that, despite the similarities, there are many significant differences that emphasize their features and independence. At the same time, the authors note that the structure of the preliminary agreement, which guarantees the conclusion of the agreement, is more stringent, in contrast to the option, which does not oblige, but gives the right to conclude the agreement.
本研究致力于法律分析和区分初步协议和签订协议的选择的问题。本文分析了这些法律结构的标志,并得出结论,尽管有相似之处,但也有许多显著的差异,强调了它们的特点和独立性。与此同时,作者指出,保证达成协议的初步协议的结构比不强制但给予达成协议的权利的选择权更为严格。
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引用次数: 0
FORMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR ILLEGAL EVASION FROM SERVING PUNISHMENTS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRIVATION OF FREEDOM 对非法逃避不与剥夺自由有关的刑罚的责任的执行形式
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-3(1)-252-257
O. Donskaya, Nikolay Polyakov
Тhis article deals with the problem of implementing responsibility for evading the execution of punishments not related to deprivation of liberty. The authors of the article note that at present there is no really effective mechanism for implementing responsibility for evading serving a sentence not related to deprivation of liberty. The only existing form of implementing criminal executive responsibility for malicious evasion from serving a sentence not related to deprivation of liberty is to replace the punishment imposed by a court verdict with a more severe one.The scientific article concludes that the concept of malicious evasion of punishment of one or another of the types under consideration should also be contained in the articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation regulating these types of punishments. Proposals are being made to supplement the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with relevant norms.
Тhis第1条涉及逃避执行与剥夺自由无关的惩罚的责任的执行问题。这篇文章的作者指出,目前没有真正有效的机制来执行与剥夺自由无关的逃避服刑的责任。对恶意逃避服刑与剥夺自由无关的刑罚执行刑事行政责任的唯一现有形式是用更严厉的判决取代法院判决所施加的惩罚。这篇科学文章的结论是,恶意逃避所审议的一种或另一种惩罚的概念也应列入管理这类惩罚的俄罗斯联邦《刑法》条款中。正在提出建议,以有关规范补充《俄罗斯联邦刑法》。
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引用次数: 0
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Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science
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