{"title":"Polish-Czechoslovak talks on the confederation in 1938–1943","authors":"Janusz Zuziak","doi":"10.16926/rp.2019.11.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2019.11.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125941647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pathologies of political leadership. Selected issues","authors":"K. Ziaja","doi":"10.16926/rp.2019.11.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2019.11.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122023756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complicated ethnic relations and the awakening national identity of the Ukrainians, further stimulated by the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, spurred the efforts of the Ukrainian population of eastern Galicia to assert their independence. The lands of this province became a disputed area between Poles and Ukrainians. Its capital city of Lviv, overwhelmingly populated by Poles, naturally aspired to reunite with the Polish Republic, which was reborn after more than 120 years. The chaos caused by the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the lack of clear decisions about the future of the disputed lands led to fighting in Lviv and other cities of the province. The end of hostilities in July 1919, which was victorious for the Polish side, did not lead to a final settlement at the peace conference in Paris. At that time, Polish diplomacy faced the task of convincing the Entente states to grant the territory of Eastern Galicia to Poland. These efforts were successful, and the province eventually became part of Poland in the first quarter of 1923.
{"title":"The Phenomenon of the Resurgent Republic of Poland after the Partitions of Poland, or the Poles’ Struggle for Eastern Galicia in 1918–1923","authors":"M. Makowski","doi":"10.16926/rp.2021.13.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2021.13.05","url":null,"abstract":"Complicated ethnic relations and the awakening national identity of the Ukrainians, further stimulated by the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, spurred the efforts of the Ukrainian population of eastern Galicia to assert their independence. The lands of this province became a disputed area between Poles and Ukrainians. Its capital city of Lviv, overwhelmingly populated by Poles, naturally aspired to reunite with the Polish Republic, which was reborn after more than 120 years. The chaos caused by the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the lack of clear decisions about the future of the disputed lands led to fighting in Lviv and other cities of the province. The end of hostilities in July 1919, which was victorious for the Polish side, did not lead to a final settlement at the peace conference in Paris. At that time, Polish diplomacy faced the task of convincing the Entente states to grant the territory of Eastern Galicia to Poland. These efforts were successful, and the province eventually became part of Poland in the first quarter of 1923.","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124592552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polish-Swiss contacts have a centuries-old tradition of trade, science, culture and diplomacy. The beginning of diplomatic contacts was Poland’s regaining independence in 1918, which resulted in the establishment of official bilateral contacts, which was connected with the development of economic, scientific and cultural cooperation. Contacts between the states continued throughout the interwar period and the period of World War II, but were limited during the Cold War. Mutual contacts were revived after 1989. There were many official and working mutual visits of heads of state, representatives of governments and parliamentary groups. During the meetings, both bilateral and international issues were discussed. In the initial period, the cooperation between Poland and Switzerland was based on bilateral agreements, which – with Poland’s accession to the EU – were replaced by Switzerland-EU agreements. Bilateral cooperation is maintained in the interstate area as well as within international and military organizations.
{"title":"Evolution and trends in Polish-Swiss political, economic, cultural and scientific relations after 1989, including participation in international organizations","authors":"A. Czichos","doi":"10.16926/rp.2022.14.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2022.14.03","url":null,"abstract":"Polish-Swiss contacts have a centuries-old tradition of trade, science, culture and diplomacy. The beginning of diplomatic contacts was Poland’s regaining independence in 1918, which resulted in the establishment of official bilateral contacts, which was connected with the development of economic, scientific and cultural cooperation. Contacts between the states continued throughout the interwar period and the period of World War II, but were limited during the Cold War. Mutual contacts were revived after 1989. There were many official and working mutual visits of heads of state, representatives of governments and parliamentary groups. During the meetings, both bilateral and international issues were discussed. In the initial period, the cooperation between Poland and Switzerland was based on bilateral agreements, which – with Poland’s accession to the EU – were replaced by Switzerland-EU agreements. Bilateral cooperation is maintained in the interstate area as well as within international and military organizations.","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121501955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Krótka analiza organizacji międzynarodowych w kontekście teorii ekonomicznych","authors":"Mieczysław Sprengel, Katarzyna Sprengel","doi":"10.16926/rp.2019.11.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2019.11.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131343147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From anthropological perspective, the appearance of the „New Man” resulted from externalization of the National Socialism ideology. The image evolved from the political process taking place on the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries in the Hohenzollern Empire, in the Weimar Republic, and finally, in the Third Reich. This way, by promoting education of the new generations grounded in the national philosophical anthropology, the Germans modified their own image. This modification concerned the exceptional Arian features of the German national physiognomy. Thus, the characteristic type of a human, which was exclusively attributed to German society, was formed. Ideologically the image of this anthropological type influenced the hygienic approach of the nation and it contributed to evolution of sterile genetic heritage. According to these anthropological directives the Homo Nordicus X Dinaricus type was distinguished, which consequently, in its assumptions led to indication of the Nordic race, the Nordids. From that point, a kind of breeding process of the „New Man” had been taking place, and it resulted in creation of new National-Socialist identity. The concept of the New and, since then, also Political Man was a clear evidence of this breeding process. The created ideal reflected ideological and educational methodology of formation of the future nation’s elite. National Socialism constituted a fertile ground for formation and exploitation of its potential. The cult of the body was a very significant aspect of education, in which the German physiognomy was affiliated with the Nordic race. In other words, the breeding process was conducted by forming the malleable model on the basis of an ideal design. The typology of the Germans as athletic blue-eyed and blond-haired strongmen was based on the conviction that the Nordic race was superior to other peoples of Europe. The purpose of this typology was not only to determine the features of the race but also to build its aesthetic visual reception. In this respect, the existence of the „New Man” was strongly determined by the reality of the 1933‒1945 period.
{"title":"The national philosophical anthropology of the third reich political elite ‒ selected aspects","authors":"Tomasz Butkiewicz","doi":"10.16926/rp.2020.12.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2020.12.09","url":null,"abstract":"From anthropological perspective, the appearance of the „New Man” resulted from externalization of the National Socialism ideology. The image evolved from the political process taking place on the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries in the Hohenzollern Empire, in the Weimar Republic, and finally, in the Third Reich. This way, by promoting education of the new generations grounded in the national philosophical anthropology, the Germans modified their own image. This modification concerned the exceptional Arian features of the German national physiognomy. Thus, the characteristic type of a human, which was exclusively attributed to German society, was formed. Ideologically the image of this anthropological type influenced the hygienic approach of the nation and it contributed to evolution of sterile genetic heritage. According to these anthropological directives the Homo Nordicus X Dinaricus type was distinguished, which consequently, in its assumptions led to indication of the Nordic race, the Nordids. From that point, a kind of breeding process of the „New Man” had been taking place, and it resulted in creation of new National-Socialist identity. The concept of the New and, since then, also Political Man was a clear evidence of this breeding process. The created ideal reflected ideological and educational methodology of formation of the future nation’s elite. National Socialism constituted a fertile ground for formation and exploitation of its potential. The cult of the body was a very significant aspect of education, in which the German physiognomy was affiliated with the Nordic race. In other words, the breeding process was conducted by forming the malleable model on the basis of an ideal design. The typology of the Germans as athletic blue-eyed and blond-haired strongmen was based on the conviction that the Nordic race was superior to other peoples of Europe. The purpose of this typology was not only to determine the features of the race but also to build its aesthetic visual reception. In this respect, the existence of the „New Man” was strongly determined by the reality of the 1933‒1945 period.","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128157141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the history of Myanmar from 1988 till the present day. The author presentsfacts concerning the reign of the military junta and the time of slow democratization of Burma.Particular attention was paid to the conflicts with ethnic minorities – Rohingya and Kachins – which have occurred during that period. The article is a comprehensive analysis of various factorsinfluencing the socio-political situation of Burma.
{"title":"A difficult path to democracy – the history of Burma starting from 1988 to the present day","authors":"M. Jaremba","doi":"10.16926/rp.2022.14.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2022.14.01","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the history of Myanmar from 1988 till the present day. The author presentsfacts concerning the reign of the military junta and the time of slow democratization of Burma.Particular attention was paid to the conflicts with ethnic minorities – Rohingya and Kachins – which have occurred during that period. The article is a comprehensive analysis of various factorsinfluencing the socio-political situation of Burma.","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132492744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"European strategic autonomy in the Polish security policy","authors":"Andrzej Ciupiński, Anna Zasuń","doi":"10.16926/rp.2019.11.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2019.11.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130966894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the role occupied by energy resources in the international policy of the Russian Federation. In the first part of the article there is a discussion of the general historical background. This is followed by a detailed description of the development of the energy infrastructure built during the existence of the USSR. This is followed by a description of situations in which Moscow has used energy resources to influence policies of third countries. The last part of the article deals with the recently completed and further constructed energy infrastructure.
{"title":"Energy in the service of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation","authors":"Artur Tyński","doi":"10.16926/rp.2020.12.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/rp.2020.12.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the role occupied by energy resources in the international policy of the Russian Federation. In the first part of the article there is a discussion of the general historical background. This is followed by a detailed description of the development of the energy infrastructure built during the existence of the USSR. This is followed by a description of situations in which Moscow has used energy resources to influence policies of third countries. The last part of the article deals with the recently completed and further constructed energy infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":276897,"journal":{"name":"Res Politicae","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116688772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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