Current trends in communications technology indicate that asynchronous transfer mode is likely to become invariant for both computer and human communications In this paper we investigate the performance of different methods to increase the suitability of packet switching for time-critical and content critical applications (for example packet video or voice, and network control). We mplore the performance of several input queueing switch models, and the output queueing model and then discuss differences in delay and throughput performance. We then study the prioritizzation mechanisms in more detail and show results for some switch models.
{"title":"Prioritized switching in high speed ATM switches","authors":"A. Lyengar, M. Zarki","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.770120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.770120","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends in communications technology indicate that asynchronous transfer mode is likely to become invariant for both computer and human communications In this paper we investigate the performance of different methods to increase the suitability of packet switching for time-critical and content critical applications (for example packet video or voice, and network control). We mplore the performance of several input queueing switch models, and the output queueing model and then discuss differences in delay and throughput performance. We then study the prioritizzation mechanisms in more detail and show results for some switch models.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115405519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1988 the BERKOM field trial became operational, demonstrating the first broadband exchange and transmission system that is fully based on ISDN. The product version of an ISDN exchange (System 12) has been enhanced by broadband circuit switches for 2 Mbit/s and 140 Mbit/s. Signalling for both narrowband and broadband channels is performed via an extended D-channel protocol with service indicators for identification of the various channels and channel types. 150 Mbit/s transmission equipment has been installed for 30 subscribers covering lengths of up to 30 km. The system makes use of the wavelength division multiplexing tech- niques for the realization of bidirectional transmission via a single monomode fiber per subscriber. A system enhancement has been realized by supporting distribution services: TV and stereo sound The transmission equipment with a speed of 600 Mbit/s provides for the subscriber up to 4 different TV channels simultaneously, which can be selected out of 48
{"title":"Two years of experience with broadband ISDN field trial","authors":"G. Domann","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.768713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.768713","url":null,"abstract":"In 1988 the BERKOM field trial became operational, demonstrating the first broadband exchange and transmission system that is fully based on ISDN. The product version of an ISDN exchange (System 12) has been enhanced by broadband circuit switches for 2 Mbit/s and 140 Mbit/s. Signalling for both narrowband and broadband channels is performed via an extended D-channel protocol with service indicators for identification of the various channels and channel types. 150 Mbit/s transmission equipment has been installed for 30 subscribers covering lengths of up to 30 km. The system makes use of the wavelength division multiplexing tech- niques for the realization of bidirectional transmission via a single monomode fiber per subscriber. A system enhancement has been realized by supporting distribution services: TV and stereo sound The transmission equipment with a speed of 600 Mbit/s provides for the subscriber up to 4 different TV channels simultaneously, which can be selected out of 48","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115640569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the Pan-European digital mobile communication system, defined by GSM, which is called in the following the 'GSM-System, its basic characteristis and its influence on the implementation strategy. The first part deals with the basic characteristics of the GSM-System, its system elements and the interworking between these elements. Network scenarios explain the overall message flow through the system. The second part highlights strategies for the implementation of system elements. It describes the requirements to be fulfilled by elements like Base Station, Mobile Services Switching Center Visitor and Home Location Register, Authentication Center and Operation and Maintenance Center. The third part deals with strategies for the mobile com munication network architecture and associated network topologies. The questions of overlay network and integration of the GSM-System into the ISDN are treated, as well as the associated interfacing strategies. The fourth part explaines in more detail basic implementation strategiesfor various system elements. Special emphasis is put on how an JSDN exchange will be expanded to provide the additional GSM functionality of a Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC). It will be demonstrated how the Visitor Location Register (VLR) and Equipment Identity Register (EIR) databases may be integrated in the ISDN exchange.
{"title":"The ISDN approach for mobile radio","authors":"M. Wizgall, W. Weiss, W. Stier","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.768724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.768724","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the Pan-European digital mobile communication system, defined by GSM, which is called in the following the 'GSM-System, its basic characteristis and its influence on the implementation strategy. The first part deals with the basic characteristics of the GSM-System, its system elements and the interworking between these elements. Network scenarios explain the overall message flow through the system. The second part highlights strategies for the implementation of system elements. It describes the requirements to be fulfilled by elements like Base Station, Mobile Services Switching Center Visitor and Home Location Register, Authentication Center and Operation and Maintenance Center. The third part deals with strategies for the mobile com munication network architecture and associated network topologies. The questions of overlay network and integration of the GSM-System into the ISDN are treated, as well as the associated interfacing strategies. The fourth part explaines in more detail basic implementation strategiesfor various system elements. Special emphasis is put on how an JSDN exchange will be expanded to provide the additional GSM functionality of a Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC). It will be demonstrated how the Visitor Location Register (VLR) and Equipment Identity Register (EIR) databases may be integrated in the ISDN exchange.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126396751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ahtiainen, J. Keskinen, J. Simolin, K. Tarpila, I. Turunen
It has been more than ten years since the specification and standardization of OSI Reference Model started, yet rather few implementations have been done. One reason is that such implementation work isa formidable task. In this paper we describe our method designing and implementing a general purpose OSI stack. To begin with we give a short description of our operational environment, the DX 200 switching system. Then we discuss the major problems in implementing OSI stacks. The solutions we propose are based on the software toolbox called CVOPS. CVOPS includes a tool for implementation and testing of portable computer communications software and an ASN.1 to C compiler. In the rest of the paper we describe our OSI architecture which provides two application services, namely FTAM for file transfer and CMISE for networt management. Our implementa tion operates on the X. 25 Packet Switched Public Data Network and an CCITT's Common Channel Signalling System No 7. The implementation architecture is based on the distribution of the OSI layers. We also briefly discuss the background of distribution strategy.
{"title":"Designing and implementing a general purpose OSI stack for the DX 200 switching system using soffware tools","authors":"A. Ahtiainen, J. Keskinen, J. Simolin, K. Tarpila, I. Turunen","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.768721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.768721","url":null,"abstract":"It has been more than ten years since the specification and standardization of OSI Reference Model started, yet rather few implementations have been done. One reason is that such implementation work isa formidable task. In this paper we describe our method designing and implementing a general purpose OSI stack. To begin with we give a short description of our operational environment, the DX 200 switching system. Then we discuss the major problems in implementing OSI stacks. The solutions we propose are based on the software toolbox called CVOPS. CVOPS includes a tool for implementation and testing of portable computer communications software and an ASN.1 to C compiler. In the rest of the paper we describe our OSI architecture which provides two application services, namely FTAM for file transfer and CMISE for networt management. Our implementa tion operates on the X. 25 Packet Switched Public Data Network and an CCITT's Common Channel Signalling System No 7. The implementation architecture is based on the distribution of the OSI layers. We also briefly discuss the background of distribution strategy.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131119676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent Network (IN) architectureplanners envision many different kinds of network structure to provide service offerings. These structures vary from arrangements where service logic is located in the switch to those where it is located in a Network Element (NE) physically remote from the switch. This service logic is expressed through Service Logic Programs (SLPs). SLP placement in one, or several of a wide variety of locations is considered. This paper analyzes different classes of service, identifies their characteristics, and presents tradeoffs to be considered in the implementation of individual services. In addition, considerations of the effects of service descriptions and groupings, as well as service performance, economics, dependability, operations support, and billing needs on SLP placement are included.
{"title":"Service location tradeoffs in intelligent networks","authors":"P. Oram, L.A. Sych","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.770108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.770108","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent Network (IN) architectureplanners envision many different kinds of network structure to provide service offerings. These structures vary from arrangements where service logic is located in the switch to those where it is located in a Network Element (NE) physically remote from the switch. This service logic is expressed through Service Logic Programs (SLPs). SLP placement in one, or several of a wide variety of locations is considered. This paper analyzes different classes of service, identifies their characteristics, and presents tradeoffs to be considered in the implementation of individual services. In addition, considerations of the effects of service descriptions and groupings, as well as service performance, economics, dependability, operations support, and billing needs on SLP placement are included.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116628558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The public switched network has undergone significant evo lution over the last several decades. While survivability of the network has been an important consideration throughout this evolution, it was often survivability of individual network components rather than the network as a whole. The Hinsdale central office fire proved the need for integration and equal consideration of all network components in network design for survivability. Ongoing integration will become increasingly important if the public switched network is to keeppace with future advances in technology and demands from the marketplace for reliable quality service.
{"title":"Survivability of the public switched network integration of market, switching, transmission and OA&M considerations in network design","authors":"J. F. Luby","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.770126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.770126","url":null,"abstract":"The public switched network has undergone significant evo lution over the last several decades. While survivability of the network has been an important consideration throughout this evolution, it was often survivability of individual network components rather than the network as a whole. The Hinsdale central office fire proved the need for integration and equal consideration of all network components in network design for survivability. Ongoing integration will become increasingly important if the public switched network is to keeppace with future advances in technology and demands from the marketplace for reliable quality service.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132862281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On 7November 1988, the world-wide deploymentof network intelligence tooka big, ifquiet, step forward On thatdnte, British Telecom 's Digital Derived Services Network (DDSN) cut over into live service. From this beginning,further development culminated in mid-1989 with the succeqjiil commissioning of the DDSN centralised databases, thereby initiating the first Intelligent Network (IN) Database service Advanced Freephone outside North America. Roger C. Ward British Telecom R G Basinger, H Y Chang, T S Chow AT& T Bell Laboratories This paper begins by explaining how the DDSN network elements implement aspects of the IN concept. From this conceptual base, the methoak used to develop the network elements and to prepare them for deployment in the BT networkare identifed The final sections focus upon the procedures used by ET to introduce the DDSN into the UK network and the subsequent provision and support of DDSN based services. I n addressing IN specific issues, BT and ATdT created several key task groups that brought together the necessary expertise at each stage of the project. These groups, supported by extensive planning, w e n vital to the successful completion of this challenging project an appmach which should grow in importance with the coming of increasingly complex INS.
1988年11月7日，网络智能在全球范围内的部署向前迈出了一大步，尽管这是悄无声息的。在这一天，英国电信的数字派生服务网(DDSN)转入了实时服务。从这个开始，随着DDSN集中式数据库的成功调试，进一步的发展在1989年中期达到高潮，从而启动了北美以外的第一个智能网络(in)数据库服务高级免费电话。Roger C. Ward英国电信R G Basinger，张海英，T S Chow AT& T Bell实验室本文首先解释DDSN网元如何实现IN概念的各个方面。从这个概念基础出发，确定了用于开发网络元素并准备在BT网络中部署它们的方法。最后几节重点介绍了ET将DDSN引入英国网络以及随后提供和支持基于DDSN的服务所使用的程序。为了解决具体问题，BT和ATdT创建了几个关键任务小组，在项目的每个阶段汇集了必要的专业知识。在广泛规划的支持下，这些小组对成功完成这一具有挑战性的项目至关重要，随着越来越复杂的国际综合情报系统的到来，这种方法将变得越来越重要。
{"title":"The DDSN: on line in the united kingdom","authors":"R. Ward, R. G. Basinger, H.Y. Chang, T. S. Chow","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.768704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.768704","url":null,"abstract":"On 7November 1988, the world-wide deploymentof network intelligence tooka big, ifquiet, step forward On thatdnte, British Telecom 's Digital Derived Services Network (DDSN) cut over into live service. From this beginning,further development culminated in mid-1989 with the succeqjiil commissioning of the DDSN centralised databases, thereby initiating the first Intelligent Network (IN) Database service Advanced Freephone outside North America. Roger C. Ward British Telecom R G Basinger, H Y Chang, T S Chow AT& T Bell Laboratories This paper begins by explaining how the DDSN network elements implement aspects of the IN concept. From this conceptual base, the methoak used to develop the network elements and to prepare them for deployment in the BT networkare identifed The final sections focus upon the procedures used by ET to introduce the DDSN into the UK network and the subsequent provision and support of DDSN based services. I n addressing IN specific issues, BT and ATdT created several key task groups that brought together the necessary expertise at each stage of the project. These groups, supported by extensive planning, w e n vital to the successful completion of this challenging project an appmach which should grow in importance with the coming of increasingly complex INS.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127671965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
* Thispoper considers thefincrionr OfATMswitch fabrics, ond shows how using fast synchnmous circuit switching techniques, high performance switches may be implemented. A design UTample is ilhtroted by o 256 port switch. The performance of thisswitch is comprrrcdwith that ofon 'ideol'ATMswitch, which gives a true meosure ofthe highpe$ormonce obtained. This form of switch is very eary w control, manage, andmaintoin due to the predictive nature of& internal operotwn.
{"title":"Synchronous ATM switching fabrics","authors":"R. Proctor, T. Maddern","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.770116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.770116","url":null,"abstract":"* Thispoper considers thefincrionr OfATMswitch fabrics, ond shows how using fast synchnmous circuit switching techniques, high performance switches may be implemented. A design UTample is ilhtroted by o 256 port switch. The performance of thisswitch is comprrrcdwith that ofon 'ideol'ATMswitch, which gives a true meosure ofthe highpe$ormonce obtained. This form of switch is very eary w control, manage, andmaintoin due to the predictive nature of& internal operotwn.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128899882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some of the services to be carried over ATM networks, notably high-speed data communications, are likely to generate traffic which is highly bursty, ie. characterized by long streams of cells destined for a common address. A number of possible models for this traffic are described and its effects on cell delay and buffer requirements in the network are analyzed. lt is argued that buffers of length at least several hundred cells may be required at each switch output to provide acceptable cell loss rates. The results are shown to be quite sensitive to the assumed traffic model suggesting that accurate models will be critical to network design. While traffic at the edge of the network can be modeled by assuming certain behavior for the traffic sources, it is not clear how the characteristics of traffic are altered as it moves through the network. A simulation study to determine whether traffic becomes more or less bursty as itprogresses through the network has been undertaken; the resulls presented here indicate that the average burstiness decreases, suggesting tha4 at a given occupancy, lower delay and cell loss be expected from switches at the interior of the network than from those at the edges. Such information will be of considerable inportance for the designers of future ATM networks.
{"title":"ATM network modeung and design for bursty traffic","authors":"Bruce S. Davie","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.770104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.770104","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the services to be carried over ATM networks, notably high-speed data communications, are likely to generate traffic which is highly bursty, ie. characterized by long streams of cells destined for a common address. A number of possible models for this traffic are described and its effects on cell delay and buffer requirements in the network are analyzed. lt is argued that buffers of length at least several hundred cells may be required at each switch output to provide acceptable cell loss rates. The results are shown to be quite sensitive to the assumed traffic model suggesting that accurate models will be critical to network design. While traffic at the edge of the network can be modeled by assuming certain behavior for the traffic sources, it is not clear how the characteristics of traffic are altered as it moves through the network. A simulation study to determine whether traffic becomes more or less bursty as itprogresses through the network has been undertaken; the resulls presented here indicate that the average burstiness decreases, suggesting tha4 at a given occupancy, lower delay and cell loss be expected from switches at the interior of the network than from those at the edges. Such information will be of considerable inportance for the designers of future ATM networks.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129221460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The digital mobile system D900- A step towards the telecommunication management and intelligent network architecuture","authors":"M. Grenzhauser, H. Auspurg","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.768728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.768728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131620869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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