This paper proposes an intelligent network architecture and protocol, Telecommunication and Computer Service Interface (TCSI) which will provide advanced communication services for the private network in the ISDN era. To achieve a service-independent protocol, the reference model is defined, then protocol sets are discussed based on the model. The protocol, which includes protocols between PBXs and computers and between PBXs for achieving the interworking between multiple PBXs and computers to provide advanced communication services are based on international standards defined by CCITT and ISO to maintain compatible connections between systems provided by different vendors. Also, the implementation of TCSI in the PBX and service example provided by making use of TCSI are described.
{"title":"Intelligent networking and services in the business communications environment","authors":"N. Aritaka, T. Katsuyama, J. Osawa, H. Tachieda","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765823","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an intelligent network architecture and protocol, Telecommunication and Computer Service Interface (TCSI) which will provide advanced communication services for the private network in the ISDN era. To achieve a service-independent protocol, the reference model is defined, then protocol sets are discussed based on the model. The protocol, which includes protocols between PBXs and computers and between PBXs for achieving the interworking between multiple PBXs and computers to provide advanced communication services are based on international standards defined by CCITT and ISO to maintain compatible connections between systems provided by different vendors. Also, the implementation of TCSI in the PBX and service example provided by making use of TCSI are described.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126410550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of public communication networks is one of continuous development as regards their scope, the services they offer and their user facilities. Recently, fundamentally new basic technologies - microelectronics, fiber optics and optoelec-tronics - and a booming demand for communication have afforded considerable impetus to the development of these networks. The most important stages in this development are the digitalization of the telephone, network and the introduction of the 64 Mills ISDN that is now commencing on a worldwide scale. As the next and presumably (from the present point of view) last step in this evolution, work is now progressing on an intelligent; integrated broadband network that will supplement the narrowband infrastructure to an increasing extent and may finally supersede it at some time in the remote future. This process of evolution within tele-communications technology will demand particularly close cooperation between users, network operators and manufacturers. Research programs such as RACE (Research and development in Advanced Communications technologies in Europe) and German Bundespost's BERKOM project (Berliner Kommunikationsnetz) have to make an essential contribution to this develop ment.
{"title":"More intelligence and flexibility for communication network challenges for tomorrow's switching systems","authors":"G. Wiest","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765832","url":null,"abstract":"The history of public communication networks is one of continuous development as regards their scope, the services they offer and their user facilities. Recently, fundamentally new basic technologies - microelectronics, fiber optics and optoelec-tronics - and a booming demand for communication have afforded considerable impetus to the development of these networks. The most important stages in this development are the digitalization of the telephone, network and the introduction of the 64 Mills ISDN that is now commencing on a worldwide scale. As the next and presumably (from the present point of view) last step in this evolution, work is now progressing on an intelligent; integrated broadband network that will supplement the narrowband infrastructure to an increasing extent and may finally supersede it at some time in the remote future. This process of evolution within tele-communications technology will demand particularly close cooperation between users, network operators and manufacturers. Research programs such as RACE (Research and development in Advanced Communications technologies in Europe) and German Bundespost's BERKOM project (Berliner Kommunikationsnetz) have to make an essential contribution to this develop ment.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133957601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The digitalization of the Swedish network started in 1980. During the period 1980-83 the average stoppage time per exchange and year showed a steady increase and reached 80 minutes in 1983. An action programme was formulated and implemented. The trend was reversed already in 1984 and the average stoppage time is now less than 8 minutes per exchange and year. This paper touches on the various methods by which this impressive result was achieved, the importance of a well defined and strictly enforced procedural framework for the production and introduction of software upgrades and the impact of digitalization on the maintenance organization.
{"title":"Digital switching - 10 years of operational experience","authors":"O. Falkena, A. Sandberg, P. Nilsson","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765813","url":null,"abstract":"The digitalization of the Swedish network started in 1980. During the period 1980-83 the average stoppage time per exchange and year showed a steady increase and reached 80 minutes in 1983. An action programme was formulated and implemented. The trend was reversed already in 1984 and the average stoppage time is now less than 8 minutes per exchange and year. This paper touches on the various methods by which this impressive result was achieved, the importance of a well defined and strictly enforced procedural framework for the production and introduction of software upgrades and the impact of digitalization on the maintenance organization.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117096909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advance of the information-oriented society, research has been carried out on Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) to enable flexible communication of various types of information, including voice, data and video. ATM is receiving much attention as a means of implementing B-ISDN. ATM is actualized by developing the self-routing switch for ATM switching. Theself-routing switch enables high-speed, high quality switching by hardware processing. Various self-routing switches have been studied. One of the typical self-routing switches is the Batcher-Banyan network. The primary objective of our study was to develop a switch for ATM switching. In this paper we propose a new switch which is designed to improve the throughput of the Batcher-Banyan network, and present the results obtained using a prototype of the proposed switch. The switch proposed in this paper is the NEMAWASHI switch. It features cell arbitration using sorters with input buffers. This enables us to achieve non-blocking high switching performance. By stacking the basic switch unit, a larger switch can be constructed. We constructed a prototype switching system which uses a NEMAWASHI switch with LSIs, and performed actual switching of voice and video data to verify the effectiveness of the system.
{"title":"Atm switch for multi-media switching system","authors":"Nobuya Arakawa, Akira NOlRl, Hiroshi Inoue","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765800","url":null,"abstract":"With the advance of the information-oriented society, research has been carried out on Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) to enable flexible communication of various types of information, including voice, data and video. ATM is receiving much attention as a means of implementing B-ISDN. ATM is actualized by developing the self-routing switch for ATM switching. Theself-routing switch enables high-speed, high quality switching by hardware processing. Various self-routing switches have been studied. One of the typical self-routing switches is the Batcher-Banyan network. The primary objective of our study was to develop a switch for ATM switching. In this paper we propose a new switch which is designed to improve the throughput of the Batcher-Banyan network, and present the results obtained using a prototype of the proposed switch. The switch proposed in this paper is the NEMAWASHI switch. It features cell arbitration using sorters with input buffers. This enables us to achieve non-blocking high switching performance. By stacking the basic switch unit, a larger switch can be constructed. We constructed a prototype switching system which uses a NEMAWASHI switch with LSIs, and performed actual switching of voice and video data to verify the effectiveness of the system.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125804723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is the recommended transport technique for the Broadband ISDN by CCITT (I.121). Many switches have been proposed to accommodate the ATM that requires fast packet switching capability [1-8]. The proposed switches for the Broadband ISDN can be cLassified as input queueing or output queueing type. The input queueing type have a throughput performance which is approximately 58 percent that of the output queueing type [1]. However, output queueing networks require larger amounts of hardware than input queueing networks [2]. In this paper, we propose a new multistage switch with internal buffering that approaches a maximum throughput of 100% as the buffering is increased. The switch is capable of broadcasting and self-routing. It consists of two switching planes which consist of packet processors, 2x2 switching elements, distributors and buffers located between stages and in the output ports. The internal data rate of the proposed switch is the same as that of the arriving information stream. In this sense, the switch does not require speedup. The switch has Iog2 N stages that forward packets in store-and-forward fashion, thus incurring a latency of log2 N time periods. Performance analysis shows additional delay is small.
{"title":"A multistage atm switch with interstage buffer","authors":"H. S. Kim, A. Leon-Garcia","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765801","url":null,"abstract":"Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is the recommended transport technique for the Broadband ISDN by CCITT (I.121). Many switches have been proposed to accommodate the ATM that requires fast packet switching capability [1-8]. The proposed switches for the Broadband ISDN can be cLassified as input queueing or output queueing type. The input queueing type have a throughput performance which is approximately 58 percent that of the output queueing type [1]. However, output queueing networks require larger amounts of hardware than input queueing networks [2]. In this paper, we propose a new multistage switch with internal buffering that approaches a maximum throughput of 100% as the buffering is increased. The switch is capable of broadcasting and self-routing. It consists of two switching planes which consist of packet processors, 2x2 switching elements, distributors and buffers located between stages and in the output ports. The internal data rate of the proposed switch is the same as that of the arriving information stream. In this sense, the switch does not require speedup. The switch has Iog2 N stages that forward packets in store-and-forward fashion, thus incurring a latency of log2 N time periods. Performance analysis shows additional delay is small.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131641986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nmor, Atsuhisa Takahashi, Tetsuo Nishino, Koso Murakami
Research and development of broadband switching systems for public networks is described. For early introduction of broadband ISDN in the public network, all of the necessary network elements, eg. terminal equipment, subscriber loop equipment; switching system, etc are being developed. From the viewpoint of services, broadband is necessary for interactive image application. Broadband network services can be mapped into call switching, distribution, virtual network and private line. For subscriber loop network double star configuration, distribution loop and feeder loop is adopted. The UNI is 622Mb/s including combination of ATM channels and STM channels. The switching system is composed of the Host Switch and Broadband Remote Switching Unit (BRSU), to provide both ATM and STM switching. CATV service is provided by an STM distribution switch in the BRSU. Signaling protocol for UNI is based on DSSI for N-ISDN. The signaling between BRSU and the Host is based on ISUP of CCS7. Customer premises network is based on DQDB or passive bus method. The protoope system developed in 1989 provided video telephony, CATV, CBR and N-ISDN services.
{"title":"A broadband switching system for public network","authors":"K. Nmor, Atsuhisa Takahashi, Tetsuo Nishino, Koso Murakami","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765816","url":null,"abstract":"Research and development of broadband switching systems for public networks is described. For early introduction of broadband ISDN in the public network, all of the necessary network elements, eg. terminal equipment, subscriber loop equipment; switching system, etc are being developed. From the viewpoint of services, broadband is necessary for interactive image application. Broadband network services can be mapped into call switching, distribution, virtual network and private line. For subscriber loop network double star configuration, distribution loop and feeder loop is adopted. The UNI is 622Mb/s including combination of ATM channels and STM channels. The switching system is composed of the Host Switch and Broadband Remote Switching Unit (BRSU), to provide both ATM and STM switching. CATV service is provided by an STM distribution switch in the BRSU. Signaling protocol for UNI is based on DSSI for N-ISDN. The signaling between BRSU and the Host is based on ISUP of CCS7. Customer premises network is based on DQDB or passive bus method. The protoope system developed in 1989 provided video telephony, CATV, CBR and N-ISDN services.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115606309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subscriber demands in rural areas for enhanced features and services equivalent to those available in metro areas are increasing. These demands are driving intelligence and functionality currently associated with metropolitan digital switches down to the access network, a trend that will lead to an increasingly distributed switch architecture. This paper examines these requirements, and describes a method of interconnecting the DMS 10 rural digital switch to the DMS Super Node exchange in order to provide cost-effective access to the sophisticated features of the DMS Super Node host, as well as stand-alone implementation of specific sophisticated features directly in the DMS-10 using a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor.
{"title":"Advanced services for rural telephony","authors":"J. Wallis","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765810","url":null,"abstract":"Subscriber demands in rural areas for enhanced features and services equivalent to those available in metro areas are increasing. These demands are driving intelligence and functionality currently associated with metropolitan digital switches down to the access network, a trend that will lead to an increasingly distributed switch architecture. This paper examines these requirements, and describes a method of interconnecting the DMS 10 rural digital switch to the DMS Super Node exchange in order to provide cost-effective access to the sophisticated features of the DMS Super Node host, as well as stand-alone implementation of specific sophisticated features directly in the DMS-10 using a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115789389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The existing control of System X is based upon a number of processor clusters, supporting message passing software. Each cluster is a shared memory multiprocessor, and they are linked by a serial mesh network. The paper shows the stage by stage evolution of this control architecture. The mesh network is replaced by an FDDI optical LAN, providing an open interface to which heterogeneous processors may be attached. It also provides a point of attachment for a new processing platform. This platform is based on a loosely coupled network of RISC micro processors, and allows open ended expansion of throughput and storage. It supports an object oriented software style, which grows naturally from the message passing software base. The target of this evolution is an open network control architecture, which will allow the system to play many roles in the networks of the 1990s.
System X的现有控制基于许多处理器集群，支持消息传递软件。每个集群是一个共享内存多处理器，它们通过串行网状网络连接在一起。本文展示了该控制体系结构的逐步演化过程。网状网络被一个FDDI光局域网取代，提供了一个开放的接口，可以连接异构处理器。它还为新的处理平台提供了一个连接点。该平台基于RISC微处理器的松散耦合网络，并允许吞吐量和存储的开放式扩展。它支持面向对象的软件风格，这种风格从消息传递软件基础中自然发展而来。这种演变的目标是一个开放的网络控制架构，这将使系统在20世纪90年代的网络中发挥多种作用。
{"title":"The evolution of the system x control architecture","authors":"H. Green, P. Lumb, M. Ward","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765830","url":null,"abstract":"The existing control of System X is based upon a number of processor clusters, supporting message passing software. Each cluster is a shared memory multiprocessor, and they are linked by a serial mesh network. The paper shows the stage by stage evolution of this control architecture. The mesh network is replaced by an FDDI optical LAN, providing an open interface to which heterogeneous processors may be attached. It also provides a point of attachment for a new processing platform. This platform is based on a loosely coupled network of RISC micro processors, and allows open ended expansion of throughput and storage. It supports an object oriented software style, which grows naturally from the message passing software base. The target of this evolution is an open network control architecture, which will allow the system to play many roles in the networks of the 1990s.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"2001 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129561224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Intelligent Network offers a flexible architecture based on a generic set of components upon which new services can be built. The distribution of functions over IN nodes (SSP, SCP and SMS) leads to concentrating call processing logic along with service-related data into the SCP and/or SMS. As such, a set of tools is necessary within IN nodes to define and manipulate data and to ensure data consistency. This paper recalls the facilities expected by IN data users, then presents the different data management tools implemented in Alcatel's Intelligent Network. How such tools are used to enable an IN service is illustrated through the example of Free phone.
{"title":"Data management in the intelligent network","authors":"J. Delory, G. Marx","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765804","url":null,"abstract":"The Intelligent Network offers a flexible architecture based on a generic set of components upon which new services can be built. The distribution of functions over IN nodes (SSP, SCP and SMS) leads to concentrating call processing logic along with service-related data into the SCP and/or SMS. As such, a set of tools is necessary within IN nodes to define and manipulate data and to ensure data consistency. This paper recalls the facilities expected by IN data users, then presents the different data management tools implemented in Alcatel's Intelligent Network. How such tools are used to enable an IN service is illustrated through the example of Free phone.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121322535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and fast packet switch ing offer the ability to support many diverse forms of telecom munications services across a single integrated network. Some applications require the communications traffic from a single source to be received concurrently by many destinations. One approach to satisfy this requirement is to use a copy fabric to replicate the necessary number, of copies of the incident traffic and then to route each copy to the required destination in a conventional point-to-point ATM fast packet switch. This paper presents the design and performance ofa copy fabric based upon a slotted ring that permits a very simple implementation. It offers a performance which for many applications is comparable to that of much more complex designs.
{"title":"A slotted ring copy fabric for a multicast fast packet switch","authors":"P. Newman, M. Doar","doi":"10.1109/ISS.1990.765833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISS.1990.765833","url":null,"abstract":"Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and fast packet switch ing offer the ability to support many diverse forms of telecom munications services across a single integrated network. Some applications require the communications traffic from a single source to be received concurrently by many destinations. One approach to satisfy this requirement is to use a copy fabric to replicate the necessary number, of copies of the incident traffic and then to route each copy to the required destination in a conventional point-to-point ATM fast packet switch. This paper presents the design and performance ofa copy fabric based upon a slotted ring that permits a very simple implementation. It offers a performance which for many applications is comparable to that of much more complex designs.","PeriodicalId":277204,"journal":{"name":"International Symposium on Switching","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134453110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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