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Кластеризація світової економіки в умовах техноглобалізму
Pub Date : 2022-08-29 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.4.13
Інна Ахновська, О.Ю. Брацлавець
Технології адитивного виробництва привносять у розробку нового продукту невідомі раніше можливості. Адитивне виробництво, як випливає з назви, «додає» матеріал для створення об’єкта. Навпаки, створення об’єкта звичайними засобами передбачає видалення матеріалу шляхом механічної обробки, фрезерування, формування, різьблення тощо. Три основні переваги адитивного виробництва включають спрощене виготовлення, складну геометрію та підвищену продуктивність. Проаналізувати особливості функціонування ринку адитивних технологій в умовах техноглобалізму. Автором з’ясовано у ході дослідження, що збільшення державної підтримки для вдосконалення технології адитивного виробництва в різних регіонах є ключовим фактором, що впливає на ринковий попит. Ідентифіковано цінність адитивних технологій та перспективи розвитку ринку адитивних технологій.
快速成型制造技术为新产品的开发带来了前所未有的可能性。增材制造,顾名思义,就是 "添加 "材料来制造物体。相比之下,用传统方法制造物体需要通过机械加工、铣削、模压、雕刻等方法去除材料。增材制造的三大优势包括简化制造、复杂几何形状和提高生产率。文章分析了技术全球化背景下增材制造技术市场的特殊性。作者在研究过程中发现,不同地区政府对改进增材制造技术的支持力度加大是影响市场需求的关键因素。研究还确定了添加剂技术的价值和添加剂技术市场的发展前景。
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引用次数: 0
Ліквідація злиденності в світі: оцінка прогресу та тенденції фінансування
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.2.2
Тетяна Валеріївна Кожухова, Юлія Геннадіївна Бочарова, В. Мулява
The article analyzes the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals for the eradication of poverty in the world and by regions in 2000 - 2020. Significant progress has been made in reducing the share of the employed population living below the poverty line in the world as a whole. Uneven progress has been identified in reducing the share of the employed population below the poverty line by region (reductions in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa; increases in West Asia, North Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean); uneven progress in social protection assistance (increase in the share of the population covered by at least one type of social protection assistance in South Asia, East Asia, Oceania and Sub-Saharan Africa; reduction in South-East Asia, North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Central and Western Asia). There has been an improvement in the results of access to basic services for the poorest sections of the population (increase in the share of the population using basic drinking water services, access to basic sanitation services) with a simultaneous slowdown in access to basic services by region since 2010. A sharp reduction during 2000-2019 in the provision of official development assistance to developed countries aimed at reducing poverty. Measures have been identified in the field of financing poverty eradication programs (intensification of international cooperation for development) (implementation of indicators of official development assistance by developed countries), implementation of effective measures in the areas of domestic public resources, private business).
本文分析了2000 - 2020年世界和各区域消除贫困可持续发展目标的实施情况。在减少全世界生活在贫穷线以下的就业人口所占比例方面已经取得了重大进展。在按区域减少贫困线下就业人口比例方面,已查明进展不平衡(东亚、东南亚、中亚、南亚、大洋洲、撒哈拉以南非洲减少;西亚、北非、拉丁美洲和加勒比地区增加);社会保护援助进展不平衡(在南亚、东亚、大洋洲和撒哈拉以南非洲,至少有一种社会保护援助所覆盖的人口比例有所增加;减少东南亚、北非、拉丁美洲和加勒比、中亚和西亚)。自2010年以来,最贫困人口获得基本服务的结果有所改善(使用基本饮用水服务的人口比例增加,获得基本卫生服务),同时各区域获得基本服务的速度有所放缓。在2000年至2019年期间,大幅减少向发达国家提供的旨在减少贫困的官方发展援助。在为消除贫穷方案提供资金(加强国际发展合作)(发达国家执行官方发展援助指标)、在国内公共资源、私营企业等领域执行有效措施等方面已确定了措施。
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引用次数: 0
Електронна комерція в контексті розвитку міжнародного рекламного менеджменту
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.2.3
В. В. Лимар, Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса
The paper is devoted to the analysis of the scientific approaches to e-commerce concept understanding; it was made the analysis of the trends of modern e-commerce market development and there were given the practical tips concerning the own business development in this sphere. There were structured the main features of e-commerce, particularly: electronic payment systems using as the analogue of real money; making agreement thank to ICT; operations uniformity and possibility to do audit by provider or another organization; property rights and assets are kept as in the traditional form and electronic one. The barriers to the development of electronic commerce in Ukraine were structured: limit access to the Internet, especially villagers; Internet-shops oversaturation by extra information what provokes potential customers loosing; low level of education of staff who work in the Internet (in particular, the lack of special knowledge required for this sphere). It was calculated the prognosis of the dynamics of e-commerce international market to 2030, which presents the stable growth. There were presented practical tips how to do business in the sphere of e-commerce.
本文致力于分析理解电子商务概念的科学方法;对现代电子商务市场的发展趋势进行了分析,并对企业在这一领域的发展提出了切实可行的建议。其中结构化了电子商务的主要特征,特别是:电子支付系统用作真实货币的模拟;借助ICT达成协议;操作的统一性和由供应商或其他组织进行审核的可能性;产权和资产以传统形式和电子形式保存。乌克兰电子商务发展的障碍是有结构的:限制访问互联网,特别是村民;网络商店过度饱和,因为额外的信息会导致潜在客户流失;互联网工作人员的教育水平低(特别是缺乏这一领域所需的专门知识)。对国际电子商务市场到2030年的动态进行了预测,预测结果显示国际电子商务市场呈现稳定增长态势。会上介绍了如何在电子商务领域开展业务的实用技巧。
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引用次数: 1
Підвищення якості кредитного портфеля як чинник мінімізації кредитного ризику банку
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.2.8
В. В. Волкова, Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса, Олена Власенко
The essence of the loan portfolio is considered. The place and role of the loan portfolio in the bank's credit risk minimization were considered. The purpose of this article is to develop a mechanism for managing the quality of the loan portfolio based on the analysis of the specifics and current state of lending in Ukraine. Therefore, the urgency of the problem of credit risk regulation was justified. The share of the loan portfolio in the assets of Ukrainian banks and the share of NPL banks in Ukraine. The state of the loan portfolio of banks in the public sector and key requirements for financial institutions are analyzed. It was determined that the control over the quality of the formation of the loan portfolio of the bank is related to the provision of conditions and objective standards of the NBU, as well as this part of the liability is a significant measure to guide the commercial bank. For the purpose of improving the loan portfolio, the algorithm for calculating the effective loan portfolio of the bank in modern terms. Considered the mechanism of loan portfolio quality management. It is determined that the guiding principles of credit policy, including in its basis for the formation of a quality loan portfolio, are built within the bank on the basis of decisions, methods and approaches to the conclusion of the joint venture.
考虑了贷款组合的本质。考虑了贷款组合在银行信用风险最小化中的地位和作用。本文的目的是根据对乌克兰贷款的具体情况和现状的分析,开发一种管理贷款组合质量的机制。因此,信用风险监管问题的紧迫性是有道理的。贷款组合在乌克兰银行资产中的份额和乌克兰不良贷款银行的份额。分析了公共部门银行贷款组合的现状和对金融机构的主要要求。确定了对银行贷款组合形成质量的控制关系到NBU提供的条件和客观标准,这部分负债是指导商业银行的重要措施。为了改进贷款组合,本文提出了一种计算现代银行有效贷款组合的算法。考虑了贷款组合质量管理的机制。双方确定,信贷政策的指导原则,包括其形成高质量贷款组合的基础,是在银行内部根据合资企业的决定、方法和途径制定的。
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引用次数: 0
Діджиталізація та цифрові трансформації в ЄС
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.2.1
Юлія Геннадіївна Бочарова, Донецький національний університет економіки і торгівлі імен Туган-Барановського, Оксана Богданівна Чернега, Татьяна Валерьевна Кожухова
The state and features of the process of digitalization and digital transformations in the EU in 2014-2019 are analyzed in the article. It is established that in 2010-2021 the European Commission created a thorough institutional framework for digitalization and digital transformations, which continues to improve, developed a system for monitoring digital competitiveness and success of digitalization and digital transformations - DESI index. The architecture of the DESI index is considered. Based on the dynamics of the DESI index and its components, it is established that in 2014-2019: the EU has made significant progress in increasing digital competitiveness, increasing the level of digitalization of the economy and society; The EU is characterized by asymmetry and disproportionate digitalisation and digital transformation. Based on cluster analysis, it is established that the leading countries in terms of digitalization and the effectiveness of digital transformations are: Finland, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands; followers: Malta, Ireland, Estonia, Great Britain, Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain, Germany, Austria, Lithuania, France, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Latvia, Portugal; outsiders: Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland, Cyprus, Italy, Romania, Greece, Bulgaria. It is established that the most dynamic digital transformations took place in such countries as: Ireland, the Netherlands, Malta, Spain, Hungary, Germany, Finland, Belgium; the slowest - Bulgaria, Greece, Slovakia, Latvia, Portugal, the Czech Republic. It is determined that the greatest successes in 2014-2019 the EU has achieved in the field of digitization of public services, the use of the Internet; the smallest - digitalization of business and development of e-commerce (Integration of digital technologies), deployment of broadband infrastructure and ensuring its quality (communication).
本文分析了2014-2019年欧盟数字化和数字化转型进程的现状和特点。2010-2021年,欧盟委员会为数字化和数字化转型创建了一个全面的制度框架,该框架不断改进,开发了一个监测数字化竞争力和数字化和数字化转型成功的系统- DESI指数。考虑了DESI指数的体系结构。基于DESI指数及其组成部分的动态,可以确定2014-2019年:欧盟在提高数字竞争力,提高经济和社会数字化水平方面取得了重大进展;欧盟的特点是不对称和不成比例的数字化和数字化转型。基于聚类分析,可以确定数字化和数字化转型有效性方面的领先国家是:芬兰、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰;追随者:马耳他、爱尔兰、爱沙尼亚、英国、比利时、卢森堡、西班牙、德国、奥地利、立陶宛、法国、斯洛文尼亚、捷克共和国、拉脱维亚、葡萄牙;外来者:克罗地亚、匈牙利、斯洛伐克、波兰、塞浦路斯、意大利、罗马尼亚、希腊、保加利亚。可以确定的是,最具活力的数字化转型发生在以下国家:爱尔兰、荷兰、马耳他、西班牙、匈牙利、德国、芬兰、比利时;最慢的是保加利亚、希腊、斯洛伐克、拉脱维亚、葡萄牙、捷克共和国。确定2014-2019年欧盟在公共服务数字化、互联网使用领域取得的最大成就;最小的——业务的数字化和电子商务的发展(数字技术的集成),宽带基础设施的部署和确保其质量(通信)。
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引用次数: 1
Особливості інтеграційних процесів країн НАФТА
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.2.7
М.Л. Варламова, Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса, Ольга Ковальова, А. С. Козачишина, К. К. Лясковець
The article describes and investigates the NAFTA integration alliance. The main economic indicators of countries before and after the integration association are described. The indicators of GDP, FDI, exports and imports within the union and to other countries of the world are explored. Both the economic indicators of each country separately and the integration association as a whole are analysed. The conclusions about the impact of the integration grouping on the member countries are drawn. The contradictions between the member countries are revealed. The main problems of the grouping and the reasons for the creation of a new association - UMSCA are defined. The new provisions of the trade agreement between the United States, Canada and Mexico are indicated. The importance of signing the new agreement is pointed out. Assumptions about the further economic development of countries within the framework of the new association are elaborated.
本文对北美自由贸易协定一体化联盟进行了描述和调查。描述了一体化联盟前后各国的主要经济指标。国内生产总值、外国直接投资、出口和进口在联盟内部和世界其他国家的指标进行了探讨。分别分析了各国的经济指标,也分析了整个一体化联盟的经济指标。最后得出了一体化集团对成员国影响的结论。成员国之间的矛盾显露出来。定义了分组的主要问题和创建新协会- UMSCA的原因。指出了美国、加拿大和墨西哥之间贸易协定的新条款。指出了签订新协议的重要性。对新联盟框架内各国进一步经济发展的设想进行了阐述。
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引用次数: 0
Аналіз динаміки та структури експорту агропромислової продукції Вінницької області
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.2.6
З. А. Атаманчук, Донецький національний університет імені Василя Стуса, А.Р. Свіргун
The geographical structure of exports from Vinnytsia region to the countries of the world in general and to the EU countries in particular is studied; the general structure of exports of goods from Vinnytsia by UCG FEA; the ratio of agro-industrial exports to other types of goods exports of Vinnytsia, the structure of agro-industrial goods, volumes of exports of agro-industrial raw materials, processed products from Vinnytsia region to the countries of the world and, in comparison, to the EU countries are determined. The indicator of export orientation of the region’s economy is calculated. Proposals for further guidelines for the regional development strategy of the Vinnytsia region have been substantiated.
研究了文尼察地区向世界各国特别是欧盟国家出口的地理结构;UCG FEA从Vinnytsia出口货物的总体结构;确定了文尼察农工产品出口与其他类型产品出口的比例,农工产品的结构,农工原材料的出口量,从文尼察地区出口到世界各国的加工产品,并与欧盟国家进行比较。计算了区域经济的出口导向指标。关于文尼察区域发展战略进一步指导方针的建议已得到证实。
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引用次数: 1
Тенденції та пріоритети просторового розвитку міста Дніпра
Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.1.15
В.В. Біркентале, Т.В. Лісогорська
The paper is devoted to theoretical-methodological and applied research aspects of such actual problem at the regions level as spatial development of cities. Modern tendencies in strategic planning of spatial development of territories on the example of Dnipro city were analyzed. According to comparative analysis of the two strategic plans of the city were showed that in the new "Strategy of the Dnipro 2030" more attention pays to the coverage of the territory problems and the directions of their solution. The city's priorities for the next decade are: innovation, comfort and identity. In the paper is proved that the economic development achieving and competitiveness increasing of Dnipro city are closely related to the optimization of using of the existing city territory, solving problems of urban planning and ecology. The strategic goal of the Dnipro city’s spatial development is to ensure its competitiveness not only in Ukraine but also in the world. The consistency of the strategic directions and goals of the Strategy-2030 with the updated Master City Plan and the most priority city goals for sustainable development were analyzed.
本文致力于城市空间发展等区域层面实际问题的理论方法和应用研究。以第聂伯罗市为例,分析了国土空间发展战略规划的现代趋势。通过对两个城市战略规划的对比分析表明,在新的“第聂伯罗2030战略”中,更注重领土问题的覆盖范围及其解决方向。这座城市未来十年的首要任务是:创新、舒适和特色。本文论证了第聂伯罗市经济发展的实现和竞争力的提高与优化利用现有城市领土、解决城市规划和生态问题密切相关。第聂伯罗城市空间发展的战略目标是确保其不仅在乌克兰而且在世界上的竞争力。分析了《战略-2030》战略方向和目标与最新城市总体规划的一致性,以及可持续发展的最优先城市目标。
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引用次数: 0
Трансформація фінансових послуг під впливом глобальної діджиталізації
Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.1.12
Тетяна Олександрівна Фролова
The article analyzes the changes taking place in financial services under the influence of global digitalization, provides a theoretical background for the research topic, within which approaches to the definition of the term "financial service" are analyzed, as well as the prerequisites for the transition from traditional to digital financial services. The main successive historical events associated with the development of electronic money, which formulated the stages of transformation of financial services, are considered. The features of the development of national digital currencies are revealed on the example of the Bahamas and the People's Republic of China. The state of development of digital financial services in the form of installing financial applications for mobile devices in the regions of the world is analyzed. The features of the regional demand for digital financial services by categories of users have been investigated. The main drivers of the development of digital services for financial infrastructure and the essence of the risks of digital financial services are considered.
文章分析了金融服务业在全球数字化影响下发生的变化,为研究课题提供了理论背景,分析了“金融服务”一词的定义方法,以及传统金融服务向数字金融服务转型的前提条件。考虑了与电子货币发展相关的主要连续历史事件,这些事件制定了金融服务转型的阶段。以巴哈马和中华人民共和国为例,揭示了各国数字货币发展的特点。分析了世界各地区以安装移动设备金融应用程序的形式发展数字金融服务的状况。研究了不同用户类别对数字金融服务的区域需求特征。考虑了金融基础设施数字服务发展的主要驱动因素和数字金融服务风险的本质。
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引用次数: 0
Аналіз причин та наслідків трудової міграції для країн-реципієнтів
Pub Date : 2021-08-06 DOI: 10.31558/2307-2318.2021.1.13
Марія Шкурат, Д.В. Горелова
The paper proposes an analysis of the causes and consequences of labor migration for recipient countries. The criteria of an "ideal" country that attracts migrants are defined. The state of the migration situation in the world and in Ukraine has been assessed. An analysis of the consequences of uncontrolled migration policy, both for the host country and for the recipient country. The statistical indicators that single out the largest migration corridors are evaluated and parallels are drawn with the projection of countries attractive to migrants. Suggestions and tips for improving migration policy in the world have been developed. Emphasis is placed on the need to control labor migration in order to balance the development and condition of countries. Migration policy has a strong influence on the general state of the world economy, especially in Ukraine, so this topic needs special attention.
本文对劳务移民接受国的原因和后果进行了分析。一个吸引移民的“理想”国家的标准是明确的。对世界和乌克兰的移民状况进行了评估。分析不受控制的移徙政策对东道国和接受国的后果。对挑出最大移徙走廊的统计指标进行了评价,并与对移徙者有吸引力的国家的预测进行了比较。提出了改善世界移民政策的建议和提示。重点是需要控制劳动力迁移,以平衡各国的发展和条件。移民政策对世界经济的总体状况有很大的影响,特别是在乌克兰,所以这个话题需要特别关注。
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引用次数: 0
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Економіка і організація управління
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