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THE EFFECT OF RESIDENTIAL ROOM CONFIGURATION ON NATURAL VENTILATION OF RUSUN UNITS TO ACHIEVE LOW ENERGY BUILDING 住宅房间配置对运行机组自然通风的影响,实现低能耗建筑
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v5i1.64296
Megan Afkasiga Ririhena, N. Syafii
Rusun is a simple flat categorized as Affordable Housing (AH), which means it requires economic energy efficiency and optimal Natural Ventilation (NV) to manifest and provide comfort for users. This research will review the effect of spatial configuration on NV conditions of Rusun unit in terms of the condition of wind flow (WF) and wind speed (WS) value in each residential room by simulation method.The condition of the unit is on the 10th floor and height of 31.5m with an outdoor WS of 1.62 m/s in three different space configurations. It was found from the simulation that residential space that has direct access from openings both inlet and exit (outlet) has a more optimal WF and WS. From the WF condition and WS value following the needs of residential user activities, it is expected to optimize NV in Rusun units and in line with that, can realize energy-efficient Rusun buildings in terms of occupancy. 
Rusun是一个简单的公寓,被归类为经济适用房(AH),这意味着它需要经济的能源效率和最佳的自然通风(NV)来体现和为用户提供舒适。本研究将通过模拟的方法,从各个住宅房间的风量(WF)和风速(WS)值的情况来考察空间配置对如润机组NV工况的影响。该单元位于10层,高31.5米,室外WS为1.62米/秒,有三种不同的空间配置。模拟结果表明,从入口和出口(出口)直接进入的住宅空间具有更优的WF和WS。根据住宅用户活动的需求,从WF条件和WS值出发,优化入润单元的NV,并与之相适应,实现入润建筑的节能使用。
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引用次数: 0
OPTIMIZATION AND TECHNO ECONOMIC STUDY OF PLASTIC WASTE BENEFICIATION WITH PRODUCTION SIMULATION APPROACH CASE STUDY AT CV. PANDU KENCANA JOMBANG, EAST JAVA 用生产模拟方法进行废塑料选矿工艺优化及技术经济研究。东爪哇的Pandu kencana jombang
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v5i1.67366
Mahendra Rian Putra, M. Hidayat, M. A. Wibisono
The problem of plastic waste is getting more and more worrying day by day. Meanwhile, the industrial demand for plastics is also increasing. So we need a recycling business that can bridge this. Plastic waste in the environment can be decomposed, and the industry fulfills plastic needs at low prices. This study aims to analyze and optimize the business of recycling plastic waste into plastic ore to reduce the amount of plastic waste in the environment and obtain material benefits. The research method used is a case study in a plastic waste processing company with the collection of data needed to determine the formulation of the problem so that a mathematical model of linear equations can be formed, which then, through production simulations, will be obtained optimization. The results are then analyzed with a techno-economic study to determine the feasibility of the business.After optimization of production from simulations based on a mathematical model of linear equations, if the company wants to get maximum profit, then the company must produce PP Black A of 1022.73 kg, PP Black B of 852.27 kg, PP Gray of 625 kg. Meanwhile, PP Gray Jumbo should not be produced. Based on the techno-economic study, the feasibility analysis before optimization was obtained as ROIa=23.40%, ROIb=23.24%, POTa=2.99 years, POTb=3 years, BEP=36.07%, SDP=23.98% LANG=4.1, DCFRR=18.8 %. Then the feasibility analysis after optimization is ROIa=29.88%, ROIb=29.73%, POTa=2.5 years, POTb=2.51 years, BEP=31.03%, SDP=20.63%, LANG=4.1, DCFRR=24.85%.
塑料垃圾的问题日益令人担忧。与此同时,工业对塑料的需求也在增加。所以我们需要一个回收企业来弥补这个问题。环境中的塑料垃圾可以被分解,行业以低廉的价格满足塑料需求。本研究旨在分析和优化将塑料垃圾回收为塑料矿石的业务,以减少塑料垃圾在环境中的数量,并获得物质效益。研究方法以某塑料垃圾处理公司为例,收集所需数据,确定问题的表述方式,形成线性方程的数学模型,通过生产模拟得到优化。然后用技术经济研究来分析结果,以确定业务的可行性。在基于线性方程数学模型的模拟优化生产后,如果公司想要获得最大的利润,那么公司必须生产1022.73 kg的PP黑a, 852.27 kg的PP黑B, 625 kg的PP灰。同时,不应生产PP灰色Jumbo。通过技术经济分析,得到优化前的可行性分析结果:ROIa=23.40%, ROIb=23.24%, POTa=2.99年,pob =3年,BEP=36.07%, SDP=23.98%, LANG=4.1, DCFRR= 18.8%。优化后的可行性分析为ROIa=29.88%, ROIb=29.73%, POTa=2.5年,pob =2.51年,BEP=31.03%, SDP=20.63%, LANG=4.1, DCFRR=24.85%。
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引用次数: 0
ENERGY SYSTEM DESIGN IN PACITAN REGENCY-EAST JAVA PROVINCE 东爪哇省pacitan regency的能源系统设计
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v5i1.65414
S. Widiyanto, Etika Nur’aini, Dony Anggit Sasmito
Planning the construction of renewable energy plants in Pacitan district addresses the increasing electricity needs every year. Pacitan Regency is located on the coast with natural conditions in most of the mountains; there is a lot of renewable energy potentials such as water,  wind and sunlight. Based on data from the central statistics agency of Pacitan district with the population increased by 0.18%/year. The energy system planning in this study allocates 70% of renewable energy generation and 30% of fossil plants by 2030.Projected availability of steam power plants with installed capacity of 2 x 315 MW, power capable of 560 MW. The distribution of renewable energy power plants is spread in the Pacitan area with hydroelectric power plants with a total target of at least 412 MW by 2025 and Pump Storage power plants with a total target of at least 1000 MW by 2025. Solar power plants have the potential of intensity radiation 4300 Wh/m2; the average air temperature is 32.5 0C and Solar Radiation 38.71%. Electricity generation waste power with a total target capacity of at least 84 MW. Wind potential with an average speed of 9 m/s. By 2030, the population of Pacitan district will reach 566,413 people, with an energy consumption of 843.85 kWh/capita; the demand required is 187,613 Mwh. By reducing the use of power plants from 100% to 30% can reduce CO^2 emissions to 125,419,390,667 Tons.
计划在太平洋地区建设可再生能源工厂,以解决每年不断增长的电力需求。太平洋摄政地处沿海,自然条件优越,多山;有很多可再生能源的潜力,如水、风和阳光。根据太平洋地区中央统计局的数据,人口以每年0.18%的速度增长。本研究中的能源系统规划,到2030年可再生能源发电量占70%,化石电厂占30%。预计可用的蒸汽发电厂装机容量为2 × 315兆瓦,功率可达560兆瓦。可再生能源发电厂分布在太平洋地区,其中水力发电厂的总目标是到2025年至少达到412兆瓦,抽水蓄能发电厂的总目标是到2025年至少达到1000兆瓦。太阳能电站的潜在辐射强度为4300 Wh/m2;平均气温32.5℃,太阳辐射38.71%。发电废物发电,总目标容量至少为84兆瓦。平均风速为9米/秒。到2030年,太平洋地区人口将达到566,413人,人均能耗为843.85千瓦时;需求为187,613兆瓦时。通过将发电厂的使用从100%减少到30%,可以将二氧化碳排放量减少到125,419,390,667吨。
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引用次数: 0
SIMULATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR FIRE WATER PIPING NETWORK WITH NEWTON-RAPHSON ITERATION 用牛顿-拉夫迭代法建立消防给水管网仿真模型
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v5i1.66779
Ari Ariangga Orranius Putra Patarru, J. Waluyo, N. Masruroh
The oil and gas industry is an industry that possesses various risks. The most significant risk in this sector is fire. To support the oil and gas production activities, it is necessary to install permanent and non-permanent fire extinguishers to prevent and deal with fire accidents. The firewater network system has a role in supplying flow rates with a certain pressure to protect the production process in a fire. The flow rate and pressure must be able to preserve the process area. Therefore the performance of firewater network system must be monitored. Over time, the performance degradation of the firewater network system is unavoidable.  This decrease is due to scaling or leak minor at pipe and the decreasing performance of the diesel fire pump.This research aims to create a model of simulation fire water network system using newton-raphson iteration. The simulation model that is formed will be used to vary the flow rate against pressure. Based on iteration show the flow rate at platform 4 is 198.9 m3/h. The discharge variation is carried out to see the pressure on platform 4, the variation of the discharge of 2,000 m3/h gives a pressure of 150.45 psig, the variation of the discharge of 1,500 m3/h gives a pressure of 130.85 psig, and the variation of the discharge of 500 m3/h gives a pressure of 24.26 psig. The results of the discharge variation are used to see the performance of the fire water network system. Performance with a discharge of 2,000 m3/h decreased by 9.74%, and performance with a discharge of 1,000 m3/h decreased by 8.81%.
石油和天然气行业是一个具有各种风险的行业。这个行业最大的风险是火灾。为了支持油气生产活动,必须安装永久性和非永久性灭火器,以防止和处理火灾事故。消防给水管网系统的作用是在火灾中提供一定压力的流量,以保护生产过程。流速和压力必须能够保持过程区域。因此,必须对消防给水管网系统的性能进行监测。随着时间的推移,消防管网系统的性能下降是不可避免的。这种减少是由于管道结垢或轻微泄漏以及柴油消防泵性能下降所致。本研究旨在利用牛顿-拉弗森迭代建立消防水网系统仿真模型。所形成的仿真模型将用于改变流量随压力的变化。经迭代计算,4号平台的流量为198.9 m3/h。进行流量变化以查看4号平台上的压力,2000立方米/小时的流量变化使压力为150.45 psig, 1500立方米/小时的流量变化使压力为130.85 psig, 500立方米/小时的流量变化使压力为24.26 psig。利用流量变化的结果来观察消防给水管网系统的性能。排水量为2000 m3/h时性能下降9.74%,排水量为1000 m3/h时性能下降8.81%。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF GREYWATER REUSE SYSTEM WITH LOCAL MATERIAL FILTER 就地物料过滤的中水回用系统研究
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v5i1.31311
Stenly Recky Bontinge, A. Prasetya, B. Kamulyan
The abundant supply of greywater as domestic waste becomes an opportunity for further processing and can be reused as water (reuse) instead of consumption (eating and drinking). Every day as much as 60% of greywater is wasted as a by-product of human consumption. Filtration using local media becomes the treatment option. The size of the greywater particles ranges from 10 μm to 100 μm. The filter media size is made into two levels i.e., 80 mesh (active zeolite and charcoal) and mesh 18 (active sand) to filter particles by ten μm and mesh 14 (zeolite and activated charcoal) and mesh 10 (activated sand) to filter the particle size of 53 μm. The combination of filter media thickness in three experiments took one of the filter media to be used in each experiment. Each experiment will be used one filter media with a thickness of 50 cm and 25 cm each for supporting filter media, with a total media thickness of 100 cm.All of the above become independent variables in research. While the dependent variable is water quality standard in accordance PP. 82 the year 2001 with the main parameters are BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and detergent. The flow rate is set at 24.55 ml / m2 min. Besides the quality standard, the research still refers to cost efficiency and processing time (filtration). All variables consist of 6 filters that give different results; in laboratory test control, only pH fulfills the quality standard of PP. 82 of 2001. This study provides the best combination of filter media in A filter with BOD presentation: 82%, COD: 85%, TSS: 99%, and 98% detergent with the fastest contact time of 2700 seconds. The resulting effluent placed TSS and detergent parameters below the quality standard threshold with TSS values ranging from 15-24 mg / l, while the detergent content was in the range of 14.828 - 42.37 mg / l.
作为生活废物的大量灰水供应为进一步处理提供了机会,并且可以作为水(再使用)而不是消费(饮食)。每天有多达60%的灰水作为人类消费的副产品被浪费掉。使用当地介质过滤成为处理选择。灰水颗粒大小为10 μm ~ 100 μm。过滤介质尺寸分为80目(活性沸石和活性炭)和18目(活性砂)两级,过滤10 μm的颗粒,14目(沸石和活性炭)和10目(活性砂)过滤53 μm的颗粒。三个实验中滤料厚度组合,每次实验选用一种滤料。每次实验将使用厚度分别为50 cm和25 cm的滤料各一种作为支撑滤料,总滤料厚度为100 cm。以上都成为研究中的自变量。因变量为2001年PP. 82水质标准,主要参数为BOD、COD、TSS、pH和去污剂。流速设定为24.55 ml / m2 min。除质量标准外,研究还考虑了成本效率和处理时间(过滤)。所有变量由6个过滤器组成,给出不同的结果;在实验室检测控制中,只有pH值符合2001年PP. 82的质量标准。本研究提供了最佳的过滤介质组合,BOD呈现率为82%,COD为85%,TSS为99%,洗涤剂为98%,最快接触时间为2700秒。出水TSS值为15 ~ 24 mg / l, TSS和去污剂参数均低于水质标准阈值,去污剂含量为14.828 ~ 42.37 mg / l。
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引用次数: 0
LONG TERM PROJECTION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION SECTOR IN WEST PAPUA PROVINCE: LEAP MODEL APPLICATION 西巴布亚省发电部门的长期预测:飞跃模型的应用
Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v4i2.57123
Etika Nur’aini, I. Darmawan, Mohammad Alfiza Rayesa
Electricity is one of the crucial infrastructures in economic development. The number of registered customers electricity increases every year based on data from the State Electricity Company (PLN) Manokwari branch office data. Electricity increase because it has become an essential part of everyday life. Therefore, in West Papua, it is necessary to fix this electricity problem where the most significant source is still from fossils. By looking at potential sources in West Papua that are more sustainable and renewable to meet public electricity demand in West Papua.In this study, LEAP software will simulate several scenarios, namely based on data from the RUPTL (Electricity Supply Business Plan) and further digging based on the potential literature in West Papua. There will be three scenarios; scenario 1 uses BAU (Business as Usual) as available in RUPTL. Scenario 2 uses BAU data and adds potential renewable energy. Scenario 3 is not using fossil energy but using renewable energy. The result is West Papua can be 100% electrified in 2025 if using scenario 2. The potential for renewable energy in West Papua is wind and sun. However, it does not rule out other sources, such as hydropower. 
电力是经济发展的重要基础设施之一。根据国家电力公司(PLN)马诺瓦里分公司的数据,注册客户的电力数量每年都在增加。电力增长是因为它已经成为日常生活中必不可少的一部分。因此,在西巴布亚,有必要解决这个最重要的电力来源仍然来自化石的电力问题。通过在西巴布亚寻找更可持续和可再生的潜在能源,以满足西巴布亚的公共电力需求。在本研究中,LEAP软件将模拟几种场景,即基于rupl(电力供应商业计划)的数据,并根据西巴布亚的潜在文献进行进一步挖掘。会有三种情况;场景1使用在RUPTL中可用的BAU(照常营业)。场景2使用BAU数据并添加潜在的可再生能源。方案3不使用化石能源,而是使用可再生能源。结果是,如果使用情景2,西巴布亚可以在2025年实现100%电气化。西巴布亚的可再生能源潜力是风能和太阳能。然而,它不排除其他来源,如水电。
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引用次数: 0
WIND FARM LOCATION SELECTION AT THE SOUTHERN COAST OF YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE FOR ENERGY SUPPLY OF HYDROGEN FUEL PRODUCTION 风电场选址在日惹省南部沿海,为氢燃料生产提供能源
Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v4i2.63220
Irwan Setyaji, A. Budiman, W. Wilopo, Ridwan Aji Budi Prasetyo
Online version available at http://journal.ugm.ac.id/index.php/ajse 31 Abstract The depletion of non-renewable energy reserves and increased awareness of environmental damage caused by fossil-based fuel use have encouraged the world’s efforts to develop and utilize new and renewable energy sources, including in Indonesia, especially in the special region of Yogyakarta. The potential for wind power plants can be developed in 3 districts in the southern part of Yogyakarta, bordering the Java Sea, to be converted into hydrogen through an electrolysis process. The three research locations were Bugel Beach in Kulon Progo, Pandansimo Baru Beach in Bantul, and Baron Techno Park at Baron Beach in Gunung Kidul. The selection of the most optimum location was made employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method by considering three factors, namely technical, location, and socio-economic factors. The first factor includes the potential for electricity generation from wind power and the available land area. The second one consists of sub-factors, namely access to the location and the distance to the PLN electricity distribution line. Then the last one includes conflicts with tourism and the economic activities of the surrounding community. After obtaining the most suitable location, planning is carried out for the wind farm that is built, the amount of electrical energy produced, the cost of generating electricity, and the cost of producing hydrogen from the electrolysis process. Pandansimo Baru Beach is an ideal location, with an average wind speed of 4.833 m/s. Five Vestas V8
31摘要:不可再生能源储备的枯竭和对化石燃料使用造成的环境破坏意识的提高,鼓励了世界各国,包括印度尼西亚,特别是日惹特殊地区,努力开发和利用新能源和可再生能源。可以在日惹南部与爪哇海接壤的3个地区开发风力发电厂的潜力,通过电解过程将其转化为氢气。三个研究地点是Kulon Progo的Bugel海滩、Bantul的Pandansimo Baru海滩和Gunung Kidul Baron海滩的Baron Techno Park。采用层次分析法,综合考虑技术因素、区位因素和社会经济因素,进行最优选址。第一个因素包括风力发电的潜力和可用的土地面积。第二个因素由子因素组成,即访问位置和到PLN配电线路的距离。最后一个包括与旅游业和周边社区经济活动的冲突。在获得最合适的位置后,对要建的风电场、产生的电能、发电成本以及电解制氢的成本进行规划。Pandansimo Baru海滩是一个理想的地点,平均风速为4.833米/秒。五台维斯塔斯V8
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引用次数: 0
COMPARISON OF ABILITY PO4 AND NH3 DECREASE IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER USING PHYTOREMEDIATION BATCH WITH EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES AND AZOLLA PINATA 植物修复间歇处理对医院废水中po4和nh3降低能力的比较
Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v4i2.23185
A. W., W. Wilopo, A. Prasetya
Hospital operations have the potential to produce waste, especially wastewater, which can cause environmental pollution. Therefore it is necessary to control the disposal of liquid waste that is discharged into the environment. It is required to reduce the pollution of wastewater management is excellent and appropriate legislation. Research methodology starts from the data observed laboratory test results for samples of hospital wastewater. From these data, it is known that the levels of phosphate and ammonia still do not meet quality standards following the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 58 of 1995 regarding effluent standards for hospitals. Further research is limited only focused on decreased levels of phosphate and ammonia in hospital wastewater.Data research includes a phosphate concentration of outlets as a pilot study. The subsequent wastewater will be divided into seven-bath, three-bath containing wastewater and water hyacinth plants with a density different in each basin ie density of 60 mg/cm2, 90 mg/cm2, and 120 mg/cm2, three baths containing hospital wastewater and Azolla plant density of each tub 60 mg/cm2, 90 mg/cm2, 120 mg/cm2, and the control tanks containing wastewater without a given crop. Based on the results obtained, phosphate levels can meet the fastest quality standards for four days on a tub of hospital wastewater and water hyacinth with a density of 120 mg/cm2 and all of a tub of wastewater hospitals and Azolla. For ammonia takes the fastest four days, this happens in a tub filled with water hospital waste, and water hyacinth with a density of 120 mg/cm2 and the entire tub of wastewater hospitals and Azolla.
医院运作有可能产生废物,特别是废水,这可能造成环境污染。因此,有必要控制排放到环境中的液体废物的处置。这就要求对减少污染的废水进行优良的管理和适当的立法。研究方法从医院废水样品的实验室检测结果数据出发。从这些数据可知,磷酸盐和氨的含量仍未达到1995年环境部长关于医院污水标准的第58号法令规定的质量标准。进一步的研究仅限于降低医院废水中磷酸盐和氨的水平。数据研究包括作为试点研究的出口磷酸盐浓度。随后的废水将被分为七槽、三槽含废水和水葫芦植物,每个盆的密度不同,即密度为60mg /cm2、90mg /cm2和120mg /cm2,三槽含医院废水和杜鹃花植物,每个盆的密度分别为60mg /cm2、90mg /cm2和120mg /cm2,控制槽含废水,不含特定作物。根据所获得的结果,一桶医院废水和密度为120 mg/cm2的水葫芦以及一桶医院废水和杜鹃花上的磷酸盐水平最快可以满足4天的质量标准。因为氨最快需要四天,这发生在一个装满水的浴缸里的医院废物,以及密度为120毫克/平方厘米的水葫芦和整个浴缸的医院废水和阿索罗。
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引用次数: 0
PERFORMANCE OF ROOFTOP PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM WITH ADDITIONAL WATER COOLING SYSTEM 附加水冷却系统的屋顶光伏系统性能
Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v4i2.63343
S. Priyono, W. Wilopo, M. K. Ridwan
Improving solar power plant performance is considered quite important for existing and prospective users of rooftop solar power plants in Indonesia due to its unattractive economic value. One of the efforts to optimize the performance is the application of an additional cooling system on the plant's photovoltaic module. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of temperature reduction of the applied cooling system on solar panel productivity. The research was performed on the existing rooftop solar power plant with a capacity of 3 kWp, located in Depok City with coordinates of 6°38'03.40" South Latitude and 106°82'03.49" East Longitude.The results showed that the additional water cooling system with a closed-loop pumping method on the installed solar module’s entire surface could improve the rooftop solar power plant performance with an average production increase of 15.7% in 7 days of study. Meanwhile, from an economic point of view, this cooling system installation payback period was 2 years.  
提高太阳能发电厂的性能对于印度尼西亚屋顶太阳能发电厂的现有和潜在用户来说非常重要,因为它的经济价值不吸引人。优化性能的努力之一是在工厂的光伏组件上应用额外的冷却系统。本研究旨在确定应用冷却系统的温度降低对太阳能电池板生产力的有效性。该研究是在现有的3kwp屋顶太阳能发电厂进行的,该发电厂位于Depok市,坐标为南纬6°38'03.40",东经106°82'03.49"。结果表明,在安装的太阳能组件全表面加装闭环抽水方式的水冷却系统可以提高屋顶太阳能电站的性能,在7天的研究中,平均产量提高了15.7%。同时,从经济角度来看,该冷却系统的安装回收期为2年。
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引用次数: 0
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF MICRO HYDRO POWER PLANT CAPACITY IN BLUMBANG BANJARARUM KALIBAWANG KULONPROGO blumbang banjararum kalibawang kulonprogo微型水力发电厂容量可行性研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.22146/ajse.v4i2.62641
Lintang Timur, Fifin Hindarti, Rosiana Indrawati
The Blumbang micro hydro power plant is a power plant utilizing hydropower that supplies electricity to the Blumbang area. The resulting supply is very large, around 30 kWh. However, it cannot be fully used by the surrounding society. So, it is necessary to do a feasibility study to increase the power capacity to determine supply and demand. This research aims to determine the community's supply and demand, which will impact the potential that can be taken by society.The method used is field observations, supply and demand observations, analysis of differences in supply and demand. The results that the feasibility of increasing the power capacity. It supplies generated from PLTMH Blumbang ranges from 24-26 kWh of the electricity demand of micro hydro power plant, 6 kWh demand electricity of micro hydro power plant and PLN 16 kWh. The Blumbang society's electricity bill has decreased with the Blumbang micro hydro power plant.
布隆邦微型水力发电厂是利用水力向布隆邦地区供电的发电厂。由此产生的供电量非常大,约为30千瓦时。然而,它不能被周围的社会充分利用。因此,有必要对增加电力容量进行可行性研究,以确定供需关系。本研究旨在确定社区的供给和需求,这将影响社会可以采取的潜力。所采用的方法是实地观察、供需观察、供需差异分析。结果表明,提高发电容量是可行的。PLTMH Blumbang提供的微水电厂用电需求24-26千瓦时,微水电厂用电需求6千瓦时,PLN供电16千瓦时。随着布隆邦微型水力发电厂的建设,布隆邦社会的电费也减少了。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering
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