Cajuput oil is one of the essential oils that widely used as materials for medical or pharmaceutical products, this makes the cajuput oil become the most wanted products in essential oils industries. Cajuput oil demand is currently increasing with the growing variety of utilization of cajuput oil. Cajuput oil productions in Indonesia run into fluctuations and tend to decrease. There are several factors that affect production and quality of cajuput oil, and one of them is distillation technique. Moreover fractionation or isolation of the 1,8-cineol compound also have not been done by the cajuput oil entrepreneurs, whereas this is important in order to use 1.8 cineol compound further.Distillation of cajuput leaves is done by three distillation methods, namely water distillation, water steam distillation and steam distillation. Calculating the yield after cajuput oil obtained and then testing the physical and chemical properties of cajuput oil in accordance with the Indonesia National Standard (SNI 06-3954-2006). And then doing fractionation of cajuput oil to obtain at least 85% 1,8 Cineol compound. The results showed that water steam distillation method produces the highest yield, the yield is 2.5%, followed by water distillation method, the yield is 1.8% and then steam distillation method, the yield is 1.5%. Physical and chemical properties that exist on cajuput oil that produced by water and steam distillation method and steam distillation method are appropriate with the Indonesia National Standard. After doing fractination processes for two time, the fractination process produced 1.8 cineol compound 79.90% in first fraction, 87.90% at second fraction and then 89.78% at third fraction.
{"title":"ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI DAN PEMURNIAN SENYAWA 1,8 SINEOL MINYAK KAYU PUTIH (Malaleuca leucadendron)","authors":"Rizqi Helfiansah, Hardjono Sastrohamidjojo, Riyanto","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2350","url":null,"abstract":"Cajuput oil is one of the essential oils that widely used as materials for medical or pharmaceutical products, this makes the cajuput oil become the most wanted products in essential oils industries. Cajuput oil demand is currently increasing with the growing variety of utilization of cajuput oil. Cajuput oil productions in Indonesia run into fluctuations and tend to decrease. There are several factors that affect production and quality of cajuput oil, and one of them is distillation technique. Moreover fractionation or isolation of the 1,8-cineol compound also have not been done by the cajuput oil entrepreneurs, whereas this is important in order to use 1.8 cineol compound further.Distillation of cajuput leaves is done by three distillation methods, namely water distillation, water steam distillation and steam distillation. Calculating the yield after cajuput oil obtained and then testing the physical and chemical properties of cajuput oil in accordance with the Indonesia National Standard (SNI 06-3954-2006). And then doing fractionation of cajuput oil to obtain at least 85% 1,8 Cineol compound. The results showed that water steam distillation method produces the highest yield, the yield is 2.5%, followed by water distillation method, the yield is 1.8% and then steam distillation method, the yield is 1.5%. Physical and chemical properties that exist on cajuput oil that produced by water and steam distillation method and steam distillation method are appropriate with the Indonesia National Standard. After doing fractination processes for two time, the fractination process produced 1.8 cineol compound 79.90% in first fraction, 87.90% at second fraction and then 89.78% at third fraction.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128383682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy issue, particularly related to fossil fuel, is one the main issues today. Biogas is a new and renewable energy issued in National Research Agenda (ARN) 2010-2014 to overcome the energy crisis problem. A so called purification process is used to remove contaminants in biogas, including H2S in order to improve the standard requirement of biogas application. In this research, H2S concentration in biogas system is measured and monitored by H2S monitoring system.The hardware system comprises of piping and microcontroller AVR 8535 systems while the software system comprises of codes written in Delphi 7.0 and Code Vision AVR Eval. The result of the system is displayed on LCD or computer to enable the monitoring process by operator. The monitoring of H2S sensor responses will be carried out for recycled BFA size of 60+100 mesh and -200 mesh.Experiment has been conducted for sensor warming up time and response time for H2S and CH4 sensor, calibration process for H2S sensor and filter column. Based on sensor calibration experiment, transfer function of TGS825 sensor from calibration is y = 0.0203x + 27.153. The best adsorption model which represents BFA adsorption of biogas from tofu waste in the research is Thomas model.
{"title":"MICROCONTROLLER BASED HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) MONITORING IN BIOGAS SYSTEM","authors":"D. Yuniarti, Sarjiya, A. Pertiwiningrum","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2354","url":null,"abstract":"Energy issue, particularly related to fossil fuel, is one the main issues today. Biogas is a new and renewable energy issued in National Research Agenda (ARN) 2010-2014 to overcome the energy crisis problem. A so called purification process is used to remove contaminants in biogas, including H2S in order to improve the standard requirement of biogas application. In this research, H2S concentration in biogas system is measured and monitored by H2S monitoring system.The hardware system comprises of piping and microcontroller AVR 8535 systems while the software system comprises of codes written in Delphi 7.0 and Code Vision AVR Eval. The result of the system is displayed on LCD or computer to enable the monitoring process by operator. The monitoring of H2S sensor responses will be carried out for recycled BFA size of 60+100 mesh and -200 mesh.Experiment has been conducted for sensor warming up time and response time for H2S and CH4 sensor, calibration process for H2S sensor and filter column. Based on sensor calibration experiment, transfer function of TGS825 sensor from calibration is y = 0.0203x + 27.153. The best adsorption model which represents BFA adsorption of biogas from tofu waste in the research is Thomas model.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131167165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need of wood for lumber industry in indonesia has got deficit over increasing population that make demand increase dramatically. One of effort that we could do is to find an alternative of wood like make particle board. Sugar palm waste and bamboo waste can be usde as board particle sources because it contains sellulose, hemisellulose and lignin as element of wood structure. The objective of this research is to find out the effect of urea formaldehyde addition and combination of layered particle from aren waste particle and bamboo waste shaving to the properties of particle board.Research methodology was completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor has three kind treatment were combination layered board particle with ratio face (sugar palm) : core (bamboo) : face (sugar palm) are 10%:80%:10%(K1), 20%:60%:20%(K2), 30%:40%:30%(K3). Second factor has three kind treatment were amount of adhesicve 5% (P1), 10%(P2) and 15%(P3). Parameter of property test were density, water absorption, thickness swelling, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity with using SNI 03-2105-2006.The research showed that particle layered composition factor affects significantly to internal bonding and modulus of elasticity but it doesn’t effect significantly to density, water absorption, thickness swelling and modulus of rupture. Meanwhile, adhesive factor affects significantly to all of property test. The best particle board made from combination layered arrangement 10% face : 80% core : 10% face (K1) with amount of adhesive 15% (P3). It has the best property as density 0,77 g/cm3, thickness swelling 22,84%, water arsoption 59,79%, internal bonding 3,56 kgf/cm2, modulus of rupture 182,48 kgf/cm2 and modulus of elasticity 16.352,9 kgf/cm2. Based on SNI 03-2105-2006, the properties test that had fullfilled were density, modulus of rupture and internal bonding but for water absorption, thickness swelling and modulus elasticity has not fullfill yet.
{"title":"PENGARUH KOMBINASI LAPISAN PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH PARTIKEL AREN (Arenga pinnata) DAN LIMBAH SERUTAN BAMBU (Dendrocalamus asper) DENGAN JUMLAH PEREKAT UREA FORMALDELHIDA TERHADAP SIFAT PAPAN PARTIKEL","authors":"Muhammad Lutfi Sonjaya, I. Haryanto, Kusnanto","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2349","url":null,"abstract":"The need of wood for lumber industry in indonesia has got deficit over increasing population that make demand increase dramatically. One of effort that we could do is to find an alternative of wood like make particle board. Sugar palm waste and bamboo waste can be usde as board particle sources because it contains sellulose, hemisellulose and lignin as element of wood structure. The objective of this research is to find out the effect of urea formaldehyde addition and combination of layered particle from aren waste particle and bamboo waste shaving to the properties of particle board.Research methodology was completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor has three kind treatment were combination layered board particle with ratio face (sugar palm) : core (bamboo) : face (sugar palm) are 10%:80%:10%(K1), 20%:60%:20%(K2), 30%:40%:30%(K3). Second factor has three kind treatment were amount of adhesicve 5% (P1), 10%(P2) and 15%(P3). Parameter of property test were density, water absorption, thickness swelling, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity with using SNI 03-2105-2006.The research showed that particle layered composition factor affects significantly to internal bonding and modulus of elasticity but it doesn’t effect significantly to density, water absorption, thickness swelling and modulus of rupture. Meanwhile, adhesive factor affects significantly to all of property test. The best particle board made from combination layered arrangement 10% face : 80% core : 10% face (K1) with amount of adhesive 15% (P3). It has the best property as density 0,77 g/cm3, thickness swelling 22,84%, water arsoption 59,79%, internal bonding 3,56 kgf/cm2, modulus of rupture 182,48 kgf/cm2 and modulus of elasticity 16.352,9 kgf/cm2. Based on SNI 03-2105-2006, the properties test that had fullfilled were density, modulus of rupture and internal bonding but for water absorption, thickness swelling and modulus elasticity has not fullfill yet.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128097722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Utilization of zeolite activated by acid solution for biodiesel purification has been done. This research is conducted to find the mechanism of biodiesel purification from catalyst with activated zeolite, the effectiveness of the activated zeolite of various particle size, soaking time and purification temperature, the economic feasibility of biodiesel production by using this method and the more economical method by comparing the cost and performance of biodiesel purification using activated zeolite and using water and acid solution.This research has used cooking oil, methanol and sodium hydroxide to make biodiesel, sulfuric acid as activator and zeolite from Gunung Kidul which is filled into wash column with support from vacuum pump to purify biodiesel. The variable of the research is particle size of zeolite among others: 12 mesh
{"title":"PEMANFAATAN ZEOLIT DIAKTIFKAN DENGAN LARUTAN ASAM UNTUK PEMURNIAN BIODIESEL","authors":"Muhammad Hidayat Furqon, A. Prasetya, W. Wilopo","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2353","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of zeolite activated by acid solution for biodiesel purification has been done. This research is conducted to find the mechanism of biodiesel purification from catalyst with activated zeolite, the effectiveness of the activated zeolite of various particle size, soaking time and purification temperature, the economic feasibility of biodiesel production by using this method and the more economical method by comparing the cost and performance of biodiesel purification using activated zeolite and using water and acid solution.This research has used cooking oil, methanol and sodium hydroxide to make biodiesel, sulfuric acid as activator and zeolite from Gunung Kidul which is filled into wash column with support from vacuum pump to purify biodiesel. The variable of the research is particle size of zeolite among others: 12 mesh <De< 20 mesh, 20 mesh <De< 40 mesh and 40 mesh <De< 80 mesh, soaking time 0, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours, and purification temperature 27oC, 40oC and 60oC.Mechanism of activated zeolite for purifying biodiesel from catalyst has been investigated that activated zeolite is using the absorption rate where catalyst will fill the empty pores of zeolite and its cation exchange capacity where it will exchange cation in zeolite surface with cation of catalyst so that zeolite can purify the unwashed biodiesel from catalyst. Optimization of biodiesel purification using zeolite activated by acid solution method can be achieved with particle size of the zeolite 20 mesh <De< 40 mesh, 30-minute soaking time and purification temperature at 27oC. Economic analysis of the use of zeolites in the optimum condition within one year resulted Payback Period 8.68 months, Benefit Cost Ratio 1.86, Net Present Value Rp 431,173,257.44 and Return of Investment -138 % and the use of zeolite activated by acid solution more economical than the use of water and acid solution as purifying biodiesel because of cost savings can be made up to 86% of method of using water and acid solution.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122701043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mining and processing activities have caused pumice deposits of waste. Waste from industrial processing of pumice is used as an innovation to increase the value of the waste and then profits will be obtained. One of the examples is making them as decorative stones.Raw materials used in this study are industrial waste pumice from Lombok, with the size less than 2 cm. The machine used as a fine aggregate pumice waste destruction is a crusher. Variations of the composition of the mixed mortar are made from white cement, powdered pumice waste as fine aggregate, and water. Variation is the comparison between the composition of the mixture of white portland cement (pc) and fine aggregate from pumice waste (Ag.h) with comparisons 1Pc: 2Ag.h, 1Pc: 4Ag.h, 1Pc: 6Ag.h, 1Pc: 8Ag.h and 1Pc: 10Ag.h. Tests are conducted to determine the characteristics of fine aggregate made from pumice waste, while the mortar test includes compressive strength, flexural strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The results show that the fine aggregate made from pumice industrial waste materials has the following characteristics : modulus of fine grains is 2.61, specific gravity is 1.67, absorption of water is 23.08%, mud content is 26.10%, and weight lose unit is 0.537 gr/cm3. On the mortar test, mixed variations affect the compressive strength, flexural strength, specific gravity and water absorption. The test results find that the variation of a mixture of 1 pc: 2 Ag.h has characteristics of natural stone that is the closest to the gravity of 262 gr/cm and with 3,11 813 MPa in compressive strength, 0344 MPa in flexural strength, and 19.93% in water absorption value. Variation of a mixture of 1 pc: 2 Ag.h has also been tested in the manufacture of decorative stones and the results can have the similar look with the natural stone.
{"title":"PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI BATU APUNG UNTUK PEMBUATAN BATU HIAS BANGUNAN","authors":"Arifin Hargianto, Iman Satyarno, Mudjijana","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2348","url":null,"abstract":"Mining and processing activities have caused pumice deposits of waste. Waste from industrial processing of pumice is used as an innovation to increase the value of the waste and then profits will be obtained. One of the examples is making them as decorative stones.Raw materials used in this study are industrial waste pumice from Lombok, with the size less than 2 cm. The machine used as a fine aggregate pumice waste destruction is a crusher. Variations of the composition of the mixed mortar are made from white cement, powdered pumice waste as fine aggregate, and water. Variation is the comparison between the composition of the mixture of white portland cement (pc) and fine aggregate from pumice waste (Ag.h) with comparisons 1Pc: 2Ag.h, 1Pc: 4Ag.h, 1Pc: 6Ag.h, 1Pc: 8Ag.h and 1Pc: 10Ag.h. Tests are conducted to determine the characteristics of fine aggregate made from pumice waste, while the mortar test includes compressive strength, flexural strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The results show that the fine aggregate made from pumice industrial waste materials has the following characteristics : modulus of fine grains is 2.61, specific gravity is 1.67, absorption of water is 23.08%, mud content is 26.10%, and weight lose unit is 0.537 gr/cm3. On the mortar test, mixed variations affect the compressive strength, flexural strength, specific gravity and water absorption. The test results find that the variation of a mixture of 1 pc: 2 Ag.h has characteristics of natural stone that is the closest to the gravity of 262 gr/cm and with 3,11 813 MPa in compressive strength, 0344 MPa in flexural strength, and 19.93% in water absorption value. Variation of a mixture of 1 pc: 2 Ag.h has also been tested in the manufacture of decorative stones and the results can have the similar look with the natural stone.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122662598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Batteries are chemical devices to save electricity. device capable of generating a DC voltage, ie by converting chemical energy contained in it into electrical energy through the reaction of electro clams, Redox (Reduction - Oxidation). The battery consists of several cells, these cells become energy storage in the form of chemical energy. Negative electrode called the cathode, which serve as electron donors. Positive electrode called the anode which serves as an electron acceptor. Between the anode and the cathode current will flow from the positive pole (anode) to the negative pole (cathode). While the electrons will flow from ktoda toward the anode.In this study, the batteries are designed to use sea water as electrolyte. Voltage measured for one cell is 0,75 Volt and measurable current of 100mA, to get the required voltage is 10 Volts 15 cells arranged in series. Testing is done by loading a flashlight with 5 LED, the results of this special design battery capable of powering 5 LED for seven days without stopping, this suggests that there are large energy stored in batteries. After charging the battery energy runs out of energy again just by replacing the sea water as electrolyte. These batteries are designed to be placed in the beach area and waterfront, it is intended that the sea water needs as the electrolyte can be easily obtained. The especially designed battery is one of the low technology and easy to be made, because the necessary materials readily available in the manufacture of batteries, the battery does not require extra maintenance, environmentally friendly and can be used for twenty-four hours as long as there is sea water.
{"title":"THE UTILIZATION OF SEA WATER IN A ESPECIALLY DESIGNED BATTERY (SABRINE SWALL BATTERY)","authors":"Mursyidah, A. Susanto, Isnaeni Bs","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2346","url":null,"abstract":"Batteries are chemical devices to save electricity. device capable of generating a DC voltage, ie by converting chemical energy contained in it into electrical energy through the reaction of electro clams, Redox (Reduction - Oxidation). The battery consists of several cells, these cells become energy storage in the form of chemical energy. Negative electrode called the cathode, which serve as electron donors. Positive electrode called the anode which serves as an electron acceptor. Between the anode and the cathode current will flow from the positive pole (anode) to the negative pole (cathode). While the electrons will flow from ktoda toward the anode.In this study, the batteries are designed to use sea water as electrolyte. Voltage measured for one cell is 0,75 Volt and measurable current of 100mA, to get the required voltage is 10 Volts 15 cells arranged in series. Testing is done by loading a flashlight with 5 LED, the results of this special design battery capable of powering 5 LED for seven days without stopping, this suggests that there are large energy stored in batteries. After charging the battery energy runs out of energy again just by replacing the sea water as electrolyte. These batteries are designed to be placed in the beach area and waterfront, it is intended that the sea water needs as the electrolyte can be easily obtained. The especially designed battery is one of the low technology and easy to be made, because the necessary materials readily available in the manufacture of batteries, the battery does not require extra maintenance, environmentally friendly and can be used for twenty-four hours as long as there is sea water.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"327 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122865474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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