Most of the cultivation of essential oils, done with the process of distillation such as water distillation systems, direct steam distillation and steam boiler distillation. And was developed on a small/medium scale industry throughout the archipelago. In the process of water distillation, the flow rate and level of oil transport are determined by the ratio of raw materials volume versus distillations water volume. Later on, affected by the steam temperature as well. Both were influenced by the vapor pressure inside the boiling tank, which will determine the level of vapor saturation of oil to be transported. Modifiying the distillations process with applying a control tank to avoid decreasing of distillations watter during the process, with increasing the steam pressure, has successfully improove the oil transports until its optimum rates. By ratio of 4:1 with increasing steam pressure up to 0.3 kgf/cm2, has affecedt to incresing the steam temperature and the rate of oil transport, there for iproofing the yield from 0.44% to 0.71% by total of 80 l water condensate.
{"title":"MODIFIKASI SISTEM DESTILASI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN SIRIH (PIPER BETLE LINN) DENGAN PENERAPAN VOLUME AIR REBUSAN KONSTAN","authors":"Widodo, Agus Prasetya","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v2i1.4966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v2i1.4966","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the cultivation of essential oils, done with the process of distillation such as water distillation systems, direct steam distillation and steam boiler distillation. And was developed on a small/medium scale industry throughout the archipelago. In the process of water distillation, the flow rate and level of oil transport are determined by the ratio of raw materials volume versus distillations water volume. Later on, affected by the steam temperature as well. Both were influenced by the vapor pressure inside the boiling tank, which will determine the level of vapor saturation of oil to be transported. Modifiying the distillations process with applying a control tank to avoid decreasing of distillations watter during the process, with increasing the steam pressure, has successfully improove the oil transports until its optimum rates. By ratio of 4:1 with increasing steam pressure up to 0.3 kgf/cm2, has affecedt to incresing the steam temperature and the rate of oil transport, there for iproofing the yield from 0.44% to 0.71% by total of 80 l water condensate.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By the development in technology especially in architecture and industry with its noise activity, encourage us to do some efforts to solve noise problem. One might done is utilize pumice as noise absorber. Raw material used in this reaserch is pumice ash. Mixing compotsition variation between cement composition, pumice ash as sand subtitution, with comparison mixing composition at 1 : 6 (1 cemen : 6 ash), 1 : 8 (1 cement : 8 ash :), 1 : 10 (1 cement : 10 ash). Sound absorbtion coefisien are measured by standing wave tube apparatus. The result of the research indicates that mixing composition affects the sound absorbtion coefisien. Reaserch shows taht 1 : 6, 1 :8 and 1 : 10 sound absorbtion coefisien which is 0.96, 0,86 and 0.89 in 8000 Hz frequency. Comparison at 1 : 6, 1 : 8 and 1 : 10 (cement : sand ) has the best absorbtion coefisien at comparation 1 : 10 which is 0.98 with 4000 Hz frequency (middle level frequency).
{"title":"UJI EKSPERIMENTAL SEMEN PAPAN PARTIKEL BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH FLY ASH BATU APUNG SEBAGAI BAHAN PEREDAM SUARA","authors":"Apip Amrullah","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v2i1.4969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v2i1.4969","url":null,"abstract":"By the development in technology especially in architecture and industry with its noise activity, encourage us to do some efforts to solve noise problem. One might done is utilize pumice as noise absorber. Raw material used in this reaserch is pumice ash. Mixing compotsition variation between cement composition, pumice ash as sand subtitution, with comparison mixing composition at 1 : 6 (1 cemen : 6 ash), 1 : 8 (1 cement : 8 ash :), 1 : 10 (1 cement : 10 ash). Sound absorbtion coefisien are measured by standing wave tube apparatus. The result of the research indicates that mixing composition affects the sound absorbtion coefisien. Reaserch shows taht 1 : 6, 1 :8 and 1 : 10 sound absorbtion coefisien which is 0.96, 0,86 and 0.89 in 8000 Hz frequency. Comparison at 1 : 6, 1 : 8 and 1 : 10 (cement : sand ) has the best absorbtion coefisien at comparation 1 : 10 which is 0.98 with 4000 Hz frequency (middle level frequency).","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115212546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research develops a monitoring tool for urban plan-process based on Life Cycle Analysis by Lourenço. A special project of urban waterfront revitalization is proposed as a contribution to legitimize the LCA model. This research also proposes the influence and the success key factors of its behavior plan-process.The model is tested through benchmarking for six waterfront cities in South Europe. Bilbao in Spain, Genoa in Italy, and Lisbon in Portugal are considered as the success projects since the urban strategy has a strong link with the urban waterfront area notified by the high intensity of the cycle for each phase. Porto and Viana do Castelo in Portugal are considered as the success projects which have a similar behavior for the action and living phase which might be due to the same project under national policy and the projects touch economic and social opportunity of the people. Aveiro in Portugal shows rupture in the beginning, followed by high intensity in the next period which has similar behavior with ideal behavior of LCA model.This research shows the applicability of LCA Model to monitor waterfront revitalization projects and enables the discussion of conceptual issues related to the legitimizing of LCA and the present contribution. The behavior of urban waterfront area and the time dimension can be monitored and the influenced factors of the behavior can be noticed with the success key factors, those are: Planning: does the urban waterfront become the focus of the city planning? Action: does the project persistence in the design proposal? andLiving: does the urban waterfront touch social, culture and economic of the people activities?.
本研究开发了一种基于loren生命周期分析(Life Cycle Analysis)的城市规划过程监控工具。提出了一个城市滨水区振兴的特殊项目，作为LCA模式合法化的贡献。研究还提出了其行为计划过程的影响因素和成功的关键因素。该模型通过对南欧六个滨水城市的基准测试进行了测试。西班牙的毕尔巴鄂、意大利的热那亚和葡萄牙的里斯本被认为是成功的项目，因为城市战略与城市滨水区有着紧密的联系，每个阶段都有高强度的循环。Porto和Viana do Castelo在葡萄牙被认为是成功的项目，在行动和生活阶段有相似的行为，这可能是由于在国家政策下的相同项目，项目触及人们的经济和社会机会。葡萄牙阿威罗地区初期表现为破裂，后一阶段表现为高强度，与LCA模型的理想行为相似。本研究显示了LCA模型在监控滨水复兴项目中的适用性，并使讨论与LCA合法化和目前贡献相关的概念性问题成为可能。城市滨水区的行为和时间维度可以被监控，行为的影响因素可以被注意到，这些成功的关键因素是:规划:城市滨水区是否成为城市规划的重点?行动:项目是否在设计方案中持续存在?生活:城市滨水区是否触及人们的社会、文化和经济活动?
{"title":"URBAN WATERFRONT SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT WITHIN LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS Case: South European Cities","authors":"Zulaikha Budi Astuti, A. Kusumawanto, W. Wilopo","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2441","url":null,"abstract":"This research develops a monitoring tool for urban plan-process based on Life Cycle Analysis by Lourenço. A special project of urban waterfront revitalization is proposed as a contribution to legitimize the LCA model. This research also proposes the influence and the success key factors of its behavior plan-process.The model is tested through benchmarking for six waterfront cities in South Europe. Bilbao in Spain, Genoa in Italy, and Lisbon in Portugal are considered as the success projects since the urban strategy has a strong link with the urban waterfront area notified by the high intensity of the cycle for each phase. Porto and Viana do Castelo in Portugal are considered as the success projects which have a similar behavior for the action and living phase which might be due to the same project under national policy and the projects touch economic and social opportunity of the people. Aveiro in Portugal shows rupture in the beginning, followed by high intensity in the next period which has similar behavior with ideal behavior of LCA model.This research shows the applicability of LCA Model to monitor waterfront revitalization projects and enables the discussion of conceptual issues related to the legitimizing of LCA and the present contribution. The behavior of urban waterfront area and the time dimension can be monitored and the influenced factors of the behavior can be noticed with the success key factors, those are: Planning: does the urban waterfront become the focus of the city planning? Action: does the project persistence in the design proposal? andLiving: does the urban waterfront touch social, culture and economic of the people activities?.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126915322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Characteristics of domestic wastewater in Indonesia generally contain phosphorus 4-15 mg/L. Phosphorus in wastewater must be treated to reduce the phosphorus content according to the Indonesia: Government Regulation No. 82/2001 management of water quality and control over water pollution, maximum allowable levels is 0.2 mg/L. A 1953 report from the Max Planck Institute in Germany by Dr. Kathe Seidal discusses the possibility of using wetland plants to remove nutrients from wastewater. The objectives of this research are to ascertain whether Polonite, Gazobeton, Parepare black volcanic sand beach and Kadidiri coral beach sand can be used as sorbent materials and to obtain the data of phosphorus sorption capacity, efficiency and phosphorus adsorption capacity constant of those materials. This research consists of batch and box experiment. Batch experiment was conducted for all material by mechanically shaking sample for several minutes with varying concentrations of the artificial phosphorus solution prepared from KH2PO4 and wastewater. Box experiment was conducted to evaluate the phosphorus removal by Gazobeton in long term experiment. The highest sorption capacity was attained by polonite 0.917 g/Kg, was followed by gazobeton 0.504 g/Kg, Parepare black volcanic sand beach 0.174 g/Kg and then the finally Kadidiri coral beach sand 0.131 g/Kg. The phosphorus sorption efficiency by Polonite, Gazobeton, Parepare black volcanic sand beach and Kadidiri coral beach sand each Kg are 91%, 50%; 17% and 13% respectively. Phosphorus adsorption capacity constant of polonite is 4906 L/g gazobeton is 115 L/g Parepare black volcanic sand beach is 19 L/g and Kadidiri coral beach sand is 14 L/g
{"title":"TESTING OF POLONITE, GAZOBETON, PAREPARE BLACK VOLCANIC SAND BEACH, AND KADIDIRI CORAL BEACH SAND FOR PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL FROM WATER AND WASTEWATER IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND","authors":"Dian Dwi Kartikasari, Supranto, Rochmadi","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2378","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics of domestic wastewater in Indonesia generally contain phosphorus 4-15 mg/L. Phosphorus in wastewater must be treated to reduce the phosphorus content according to the Indonesia: Government Regulation No. 82/2001 management of water quality and control over water pollution, maximum allowable levels is 0.2 mg/L. A 1953 report from the Max Planck Institute in Germany by Dr. Kathe Seidal discusses the possibility of using wetland plants to remove nutrients from wastewater. The objectives of this research are to ascertain whether Polonite, Gazobeton, Parepare black volcanic sand beach and Kadidiri coral beach sand can be used as sorbent materials and to obtain the data of phosphorus sorption capacity, efficiency and phosphorus adsorption capacity constant of those materials. This research consists of batch and box experiment. Batch experiment was conducted for all material by mechanically shaking sample for several minutes with varying concentrations of the artificial phosphorus solution prepared from KH2PO4 and wastewater. Box experiment was conducted to evaluate the phosphorus removal by Gazobeton in long term experiment. The highest sorption capacity was attained by polonite 0.917 g/Kg, was followed by gazobeton 0.504 g/Kg, Parepare black volcanic sand beach 0.174 g/Kg and then the finally Kadidiri coral beach sand 0.131 g/Kg. The phosphorus sorption efficiency by Polonite, Gazobeton, Parepare black volcanic sand beach and Kadidiri coral beach sand each Kg are 91%, 50%; 17% and 13% respectively. Phosphorus adsorption capacity constant of polonite is 4906 L/g gazobeton is 115 L/g Parepare black volcanic sand beach is 19 L/g and Kadidiri coral beach sand is 14 L/g","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122339370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Hadsari, A. Susanto, W. Wilopo, G. Lanzo, A. Pagliaroli, D. Chamlagain, R. Adhikari
Ground response analyses are used to predict surface ground motions for development of design response spectra, to evaluate dynamic stresses and strains for evaluation of earthquake hazards, and to determine the earthquake induced forces that can lead to instability of earth-retaining structures. The effects of local soil on ground motion are commonly evaluated by performing numerical analyses either in frequency or time domains.In order to evaluate the differences between frequency and time domain analysis, several analyses were conducted for homogenous stiff soil deposit with respective codes which are SHAKE and D-MOD2000. Linear and non linear analyses have been conducted. The non linear analyses with D-MOD2000 code have been carried out by using different frequencies in the Rayleigh damping formulation, i.e. fundamental and predominant frequency. For linear, PGA 0.1g is used in the analysis while for non linear PGA is scaled into three different value of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5g.The results for both linear and non linear approach are similar. For the non linear analyses, it is shown that the curves derived using predominant frequency perform better than those using fundamental frequency. Main differences are for non linear approach where the differences between two codes are higher for higher input motion. As the calibration using predominant frequency between the two codes perform good, the respective codes are applied to evaluate soil response in Sant’ Agostino and San Carlo, in terms of PGA, due to May 20th 2012 Emilia Earthquake. There are 139 accelerometric station recorded strong motion. In this analysis, we consider one record which is in Mirandola station, the closest recording station where the Magnitude in epicentral area was 5.9 and 5.8 in Mirandola station. The recorded surface motion in Mirandola is transferred to the bedrock in 112 m depth and used as input motion for the two evaluated sites, San Carlo village and nearby municipality Sant’Agostino on 17 km distance from Mirandola station. The preliminary data presented here shows the PGA recorded in the bedrock of Mirandola station is 0.75g, while in Sant’Agostino and San Carlo is 0.92g and 0.81g.
{"title":"CALIBRATION OF 1-D NUMERICAL CODES SOFTWARE FOR SITE RESPONSE ANALYSES","authors":"V. Hadsari, A. Susanto, W. Wilopo, G. Lanzo, A. Pagliaroli, D. Chamlagain, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2442","url":null,"abstract":"Ground response analyses are used to predict surface ground motions for development of design response spectra, to evaluate dynamic stresses and strains for evaluation of earthquake hazards, and to determine the earthquake induced forces that can lead to instability of earth-retaining structures. The effects of local soil on ground motion are commonly evaluated by performing numerical analyses either in frequency or time domains.In order to evaluate the differences between frequency and time domain analysis, several analyses were conducted for homogenous stiff soil deposit with respective codes which are SHAKE and D-MOD2000. Linear and non linear analyses have been conducted. The non linear analyses with D-MOD2000 code have been carried out by using different frequencies in the Rayleigh damping formulation, i.e. fundamental and predominant frequency. For linear, PGA 0.1g is used in the analysis while for non linear PGA is scaled into three different value of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5g.The results for both linear and non linear approach are similar. For the non linear analyses, it is shown that the curves derived using predominant frequency perform better than those using fundamental frequency. Main differences are for non linear approach where the differences between two codes are higher for higher input motion. As the calibration using predominant frequency between the two codes perform good, the respective codes are applied to evaluate soil response in Sant’ Agostino and San Carlo, in terms of PGA, due to May 20th 2012 Emilia Earthquake. There are 139 accelerometric station recorded strong motion. In this analysis, we consider one record which is in Mirandola station, the closest recording station where the Magnitude in epicentral area was 5.9 and 5.8 in Mirandola station. The recorded surface motion in Mirandola is transferred to the bedrock in 112 m depth and used as input motion for the two evaluated sites, San Carlo village and nearby municipality Sant’Agostino on 17 km distance from Mirandola station. The preliminary data presented here shows the PGA recorded in the bedrock of Mirandola station is 0.75g, while in Sant’Agostino and San Carlo is 0.92g and 0.81g.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128763165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This thesis presents a study of hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst for alkaline water electrolysis. Hydrogen production through the electrolysis of water requires the development of new electrocatalysts in order to reduce the hydrogen evolution over-potential of the cathode in order to make water electrolysis more competitive and efficient. An alternative approach in the optimisation of water splitting electrocatalyst may Be the modification of the metal electrocatalytic behaviour by supporting nano-particles on oxide support. Development of the electrocatalyst material for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte may obtain more stable hydrogen evolution reaction.Pt on TiO2 electrocatalyst has been synthesized by applying high throughput Physical Vapor Deposition (HT PVD) method. Electrochemistry measurements of Pt on TiO2 have been used to study the characteristic and stability of the electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte for water electrolysis. XRD confirmed that the phase of TiO2 were amorphous and anatase after annealing for 6 hours at the temperature of 450oC. The thicknesses of TiO2 both for amorphous and anatase were 200 nm.Similar electrocatalytic behavior are presented both for Pt on amorpous TiO2 and Pt on anatase TiO2 from electrochemistry measurements using cyclic voltammetry and potential step on the 10 x 10 E-chem arrays in alkaline electrolyte (0.5 M NaOH). Higher currents are seen in the larger particle size of platinum in TiO2 both for amorphous and anatase phase. The hydrogen evolution reaction starts at the potential below -0.8 V vs RHE. The potential for hydrogen evolution reaction is shifted to the low potential. Larger particle size of platinum shows lower potential of hydrogen evolution reaction.Pt on TiO2 tends to be a stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis. It is because hydrogen evolution reaction occurs at low potential. Anatase phase of TiO2 is more stable than amorphous TiO2, hence, Pt on anatase TiO2 could be better than Pt on amorphous TiO2 for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis.
本文对碱水电解用析氢电催化剂进行了研究。水电解制氢需要开发新型电催化剂，以降低阴极析氢过电位，使水电解更具竞争力和效率。优化水分解电催化剂的另一种方法可能是通过在氧化物载体上支持纳米颗粒来修饰金属电催化行为。开发碱性电解液析氢反应电催化剂材料，可获得更稳定的析氢反应。采用高通量物理气相沉积(HT PVD)方法在TiO2电催化剂上合成了铂。利用Pt在TiO2上的电化学测量，研究了该电催化剂在碱性电解液中析氢反应的特性和稳定性。在450℃下退火6小时后，XRD证实TiO2为无定形和锐钛矿相。非晶型和锐钛型TiO2的厚度均为200 nm。在碱性电解质(0.5 M NaOH)中，使用循环伏安法和电位步进对10 × 10 E-chem阵列进行电化学测量，发现Pt在无定形TiO2和Pt在锐钛矿TiO2上的电催化行为相似。无论是非晶相还是锐钛矿相，TiO2中铂的粒径越大，电流越大。析氢反应开始于低于-0.8 V vs RHE的电位。析氢反应的电位向低电位转移。铂的粒径越大，析氢电位越低。Pt在tio2上是碱性水电解析氢反应的稳定电催化剂。这是因为析氢反应发生在低电位下。锐钛矿型TiO2比非晶型TiO2更稳定，因此，在碱水电解中，Pt在锐钛矿型TiO2 - 2 -上的析出氢反应优于Pt在非晶型TiO2 - 2上的析出氢反应。
{"title":"HIGH THROUGHPUT STUDIES OF HYDROGEN EVOLUTION ELECTROCATALYST FOR WATER ELECTROLYSIS","authors":"R. K. Putri, B. Hayden, A. Prasetya, Sihana","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2377","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis presents a study of hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst for alkaline water electrolysis. Hydrogen production through the electrolysis of water requires the development of new electrocatalysts in order to reduce the hydrogen evolution over-potential of the cathode in order to make water electrolysis more competitive and efficient. An alternative approach in the optimisation of water splitting electrocatalyst may Be the modification of the metal electrocatalytic behaviour by supporting nano-particles on oxide support. Development of the electrocatalyst material for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte may obtain more stable hydrogen evolution reaction.Pt on TiO2 electrocatalyst has been synthesized by applying high throughput Physical Vapor Deposition (HT PVD) method. Electrochemistry measurements of Pt on TiO2 have been used to study the characteristic and stability of the electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte for water electrolysis. XRD confirmed that the phase of TiO2 were amorphous and anatase after annealing for 6 hours at the temperature of 450oC. The thicknesses of TiO2 both for amorphous and anatase were 200 nm.Similar electrocatalytic behavior are presented both for Pt on amorpous TiO2 and Pt on anatase TiO2 from electrochemistry measurements using cyclic voltammetry and potential step on the 10 x 10 E-chem arrays in alkaline electrolyte (0.5 M NaOH). Higher currents are seen in the larger particle size of platinum in TiO2 both for amorphous and anatase phase. The hydrogen evolution reaction starts at the potential below -0.8 V vs RHE. The potential for hydrogen evolution reaction is shifted to the low potential. Larger particle size of platinum shows lower potential of hydrogen evolution reaction.Pt on TiO2 tends to be a stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis. It is because hydrogen evolution reaction occurs at low potential. Anatase phase of TiO2 is more stable than amorphous TiO2, hence, Pt on anatase TiO2 could be better than Pt on amorphous TiO2 for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline water electrolysis.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131534483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with the effort to release new revolution of renewable energy concept. Key issue in generating hydro power from low head, low flow sources until now has been impractical, expensive in efficient and complex technology. The idea of using Hydro Coil instead of turbine gives an economic advantage that it is relatively cheaper. The apparatus allows us to exploit sides that would not be practical at all for conventional small hydroelectric power.Hydro Coil turbine in experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested. The turbine includes 4 inches acrylic with ribbon-like curved shape insert, which present a gradual curve of approximately 70 degrees from the axial flow of water progressing to a tightly curved angle perpendicular to the flow of water at the exit point. The gradual curve is used to reducing the axial velocity of water, thereby further as consequence of transfer energy from water to ribbon, thus the central axle and ribbon rotated. This rotation is initiated at the low frequency coil, with energy incrementally transferred as water, hitting the low frequency coil, turning the ribbon slowly, progressing gradually to higher frequency, tight coil where maximal energy to the transfer occurs.Characteristics and efficiency of Hydro Coil turbine can be identified after laboratory experimental already finished. Turbine efficiency in 92.93% of this prototype exceeds expectation in the experiments. It thus demonstrates the promising potential of Hydro Coil technology to extract power from incoming water flow in low head sources.
{"title":"DESIGN OF A PROTOTYPE HYDRO COIL TURBINE APPLIED AS MICRO HYDRO SOLUTION","authors":"Arik Aprilliyanto, Indarto, Prajitno","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2443","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the effort to release new revolution of renewable energy concept. Key issue in generating hydro power from low head, low flow sources until now has been impractical, expensive in efficient and complex technology. The idea of using Hydro Coil instead of turbine gives an economic advantage that it is relatively cheaper. The apparatus allows us to exploit sides that would not be practical at all for conventional small hydroelectric power.Hydro Coil turbine in experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested. The turbine includes 4 inches acrylic with ribbon-like curved shape insert, which present a gradual curve of approximately 70 degrees from the axial flow of water progressing to a tightly curved angle perpendicular to the flow of water at the exit point. The gradual curve is used to reducing the axial velocity of water, thereby further as consequence of transfer energy from water to ribbon, thus the central axle and ribbon rotated. This rotation is initiated at the low frequency coil, with energy incrementally transferred as water, hitting the low frequency coil, turning the ribbon slowly, progressing gradually to higher frequency, tight coil where maximal energy to the transfer occurs.Characteristics and efficiency of Hydro Coil turbine can be identified after laboratory experimental already finished. Turbine efficiency in 92.93% of this prototype exceeds expectation in the experiments. It thus demonstrates the promising potential of Hydro Coil technology to extract power from incoming water flow in low head sources.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116320403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chicken Feather is main waste product of chicken processing as food, however it has a good potential for used in composite material. Material stiffness increase caused by hydrophobic Keratin which is contained in chicken feather both feather quill and feather fiber. Composite material as biofilter media potentially used to improve effectively of septic tank. The study was conducted to determine the effect of chicken feather fiber adding on density, impact strength and flexural strength of polyester composite, with addition of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of feather fiber as variable. The best composition by mechanical test applied as biofilter material (bioball). Bioball characteristic was investigated to give some parameters used in wastewater treatment design, such as porosity of media, specific surface area, and density of bed media, spherical factor and biomass accumulation capacity. The parameters investigated in each bioball media with wide of bioball’s wall gap are 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm as variable. Chicken feather fiber composite has been used as bioball material provided light material 1,124 gr/cm 3 in density. Increase in material strength was obtained by adding chicken feather fiber, bioball have been made has 44.291 MPa in maximum flexural strength and 5,781 kJ/cm 2 in maximum impact strength. Bioball which has casted 5 cm in diameter, divided into three of types; bioball 2 (wall space 2 mm), bioball 3 (wall space 3 mm) and bioball 4 (wall space 4 mm). Bioball have been made has 260-369 cm 2 /cm 3 of specific surface are and 0.78-0.83 of porosity. Based on spherical factor calculation bioball was more similar to parallel plate than rounded shape. Overall the shape was not rounded with spherical factor value between 0.23-0.358. Bioball 2 has the highest biomass capacity. Based on the test, biomass accumulation capacity of bioball 2 was up to 7.0 kg/m 3 with estimation of backwashing time is every 20 hours.
{"title":"DESAIN BIOBALL BERBAHAN KOMPOSIT BULU AYAM-RESIN POLYESTER: SIFAT MATERIAL, KARAKTERISTIK BENTUK DAN KARAKTERISTIK HIDRAULIK","authors":"Ruslim Budianto, Agus Prasetya, Mudjijana","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2456","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken Feather is main waste product of chicken processing as food, however it has a good potential for used in composite material. Material stiffness increase caused by hydrophobic Keratin which is contained in chicken feather both feather quill and feather fiber. Composite material as biofilter media potentially used to improve effectively of septic tank. The study was conducted to determine the effect of chicken feather fiber adding on density, impact strength and flexural strength of polyester composite, with addition of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of feather fiber as variable. The best composition by mechanical test applied as biofilter material (bioball). Bioball characteristic was investigated to give some parameters used in wastewater treatment design, such as porosity of media, specific surface area, and density of bed media, spherical factor and biomass accumulation capacity. The parameters investigated in each bioball media with wide of bioball’s wall gap are 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm as variable. Chicken feather fiber composite has been used as bioball material provided light material 1,124 gr/cm 3 in density. Increase in material strength was obtained by adding chicken feather fiber, bioball have been made has 44.291 MPa in maximum flexural strength and 5,781 kJ/cm 2 in maximum impact strength. Bioball which has casted 5 cm in diameter, divided into three of types; bioball 2 (wall space 2 mm), bioball 3 (wall space 3 mm) and bioball 4 (wall space 4 mm). Bioball have been made has 260-369 cm 2 /cm 3 of specific surface are and 0.78-0.83 of porosity. Based on spherical factor calculation bioball was more similar to parallel plate than rounded shape. Overall the shape was not rounded with spherical factor value between 0.23-0.358. Bioball 2 has the highest biomass capacity. Based on the test, biomass accumulation capacity of bioball 2 was up to 7.0 kg/m 3 with estimation of backwashing time is every 20 hours.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134065129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wastewater in the tannery industry is the main waste due to the use of a great amount of water and chemical substances in the process. Wastewater which contains chromium from the tanning materials potentially causes physical and chemical changes in the environment. Chromium is harmful heavy metal which is non-degradable and able to cause danger towards environment and human health. Therefore, it is important to employ treatments before discharging the wastewater to the environment. One of the known methods to reduce the content of heavy metal is precipitation using sodium hydroxide. However, precipitation alone can not meet the strict quality standard for tannery industrial wastewater. Adsorption using bagasse fly ash (BFA) is a key promising tertiary method to achieve the high treatment standard. BFA is a low cost adsorbent since it is prepared from solid waste from sugar industry. This research aims to study optimum operating condition of the implementation of a combination of precipitation and adsorption methods for reducing chromium (III) in the tannery industrial wastewater. Initially, this study used synthetic waste to obtain optimum conditions for adsorption method. The optimum conditions were then tested using real waste from tannery industry. Synthethic waste used in this process was Cr(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O. Adsorption process used both activated BFA as well as raw (un-activated) BFA. Concentration of crom (III) in the filtrate was determined by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrocopy). Parameters of the study were pH of the precipitation, and pH of the adsorption. Results of this study showed that the optimum pH to chrom (III) concentration reduction is achieved from the combination of precipitation at pH of 8 and adsorption at pH of 5. The effectiveness of the concentration reduction of chromium using combination of both of these methods managed to lower the concentration of chromium from initial concentration of 544 mg/l to 0,18 mg/l (using activated BFA), with the effectiveness of chromium reduction 99.97%. This result complies with the standard based on Yogyakarta Governor's decree number 7/2010 about wastewater quality standard for wet blue leather industrial activities, which is 0,4 mg/l.
{"title":"SISTEM PENURUNAN KADAR KROM (III) LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PENYAMAKAN KULIT DENGAN KOMBINASI PRESIPITASI MENGGUNAKAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA DAN ADSORPSI MENGGUNAKAN BAGASE FLY ASH","authors":"Meirinna, Moh. Fahrurrozi, S. J. Santosa","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i2.2457","url":null,"abstract":"Wastewater in the tannery industry is the main waste due to the use of a great amount of water and chemical substances in the process. Wastewater which contains chromium from the tanning materials potentially causes physical and chemical changes in the environment. Chromium is harmful heavy metal which is non-degradable and able to cause danger towards environment and human health. Therefore, it is important to employ treatments before discharging the wastewater to the environment. One of the known methods to reduce the content of heavy metal is precipitation using sodium hydroxide. However, precipitation alone can not meet the strict quality standard for tannery industrial wastewater. Adsorption using bagasse fly ash (BFA) is a key promising tertiary method to achieve the high treatment standard. BFA is a low cost adsorbent since it is prepared from solid waste from sugar industry. This research aims to study optimum operating condition of the implementation of a combination of precipitation and adsorption methods for reducing chromium (III) in the tannery industrial wastewater. Initially, this study used synthetic waste to obtain optimum conditions for adsorption method. The optimum conditions were then tested using real waste from tannery industry. Synthethic waste used in this process was Cr(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O. Adsorption process used both activated BFA as well as raw (un-activated) BFA. Concentration of crom (III) in the filtrate was determined by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrocopy). Parameters of the study were pH of the precipitation, and pH of the adsorption. Results of this study showed that the optimum pH to chrom (III) concentration reduction is achieved from the combination of precipitation at pH of 8 and adsorption at pH of 5. The effectiveness of the concentration reduction of chromium using combination of both of these methods managed to lower the concentration of chromium from initial concentration of 544 mg/l to 0,18 mg/l (using activated BFA), with the effectiveness of chromium reduction 99.97%. This result complies with the standard based on Yogyakarta Governor's decree number 7/2010 about wastewater quality standard for wet blue leather industrial activities, which is 0,4 mg/l.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129260381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia is rich in plant biodiversity. Indonesia volatile oil development efforts through increased development of one plant of lemon grass, which is one of the essential oil producing plants known as Cymbopogon citratus. Lemongrass essential oil in the chemical industry used as raw materials in the manufacture of cosmetics, perfume, deodorant, deodorant soap, floor cleaners and detergents.The purpose of this study was to determine the highest yield of lemongrass essential oil distillation using the method of water distillation, water-steam, and steam to the treatment of intact leaves and chopped leaves and know the quality of essential oil of lemongrass with the treatment of raw materials and different methods of distillation, the design used by two factors: variation in the treatment of raw material (whole leaves and chopped leaves) and the distillation process variation (distilled water (boiled), water-steam distillation and steam distillation. Data obtained from the analysis of yield, specific gravity, refractive index, and oil content of the compound citral essential (lemongrass oil).This study uses three methods of distillation, the distillation of water, water-steam distillation and steam distillation is carried out on samples of intact leaves and chopped leaves of fresh lemongrass. The results yield calculation and testing of physics and chemistry, as well as in the method of analysis SPSS One-Sample Test Statistics for the lemongrass essential oil products.Based on the results of research on the treatment of raw materials and distillation methods can be concluded that the treatment of raw materials lemongrass intact leaves with water distillation method (boiled) at both the content yield 0.52%, 71.84% citral, specific gravity 0.8967 g/mL, and the refractive index of 1.4905. It is appropriate to mention that SNI 06-39-53-1995 yield 0.3%, the specific gravity of 0.8731 g/mL, and the refractive index of 1.4586. But the content of citral not meet SNI standards are 76.1%, but according to Guenther (2006) which states citral content of between 65% to 85%.
{"title":"STUDI PERBANDINGAN PERLAKUAN BAHAN BAKU DAN METODE DISTILASI TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN KUALITAS MINYAK ATSIRI SEREH DAPUR (Cymbopogon citratus)","authors":"S. ., Supranto -, R. .","doi":"10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajse.v1i1.2352","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is rich in plant biodiversity. Indonesia volatile oil development efforts through increased development of one plant of lemon grass, which is one of the essential oil producing plants known as Cymbopogon citratus. Lemongrass essential oil in the chemical industry used as raw materials in the manufacture of cosmetics, perfume, deodorant, deodorant soap, floor cleaners and detergents.The purpose of this study was to determine the highest yield of lemongrass essential oil distillation using the method of water distillation, water-steam, and steam to the treatment of intact leaves and chopped leaves and know the quality of essential oil of lemongrass with the treatment of raw materials and different methods of distillation, the design used by two factors: variation in the treatment of raw material (whole leaves and chopped leaves) and the distillation process variation (distilled water (boiled), water-steam distillation and steam distillation. Data obtained from the analysis of yield, specific gravity, refractive index, and oil content of the compound citral essential (lemongrass oil).This study uses three methods of distillation, the distillation of water, water-steam distillation and steam distillation is carried out on samples of intact leaves and chopped leaves of fresh lemongrass. The results yield calculation and testing of physics and chemistry, as well as in the method of analysis SPSS One-Sample Test Statistics for the lemongrass essential oil products.Based on the results of research on the treatment of raw materials and distillation methods can be concluded that the treatment of raw materials lemongrass intact leaves with water distillation method (boiled) at both the content yield 0.52%, 71.84% citral, specific gravity 0.8967 g/mL, and the refractive index of 1.4905. It is appropriate to mention that SNI 06-39-53-1995 yield 0.3%, the specific gravity of 0.8731 g/mL, and the refractive index of 1.4586. But the content of citral not meet SNI standards are 76.1%, but according to Guenther (2006) which states citral content of between 65% to 85%.","PeriodicalId":280593,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129590873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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