Pub Date : 2020-03-11DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87930
H. Shokrvash, R. Rad, A. Massoudi, Reza Shokrvash
This chapter deals with the study of the electrolysis synthesis of copper matrix nanocomposites developed for the fabrication of nanoparticulate Cu-bimetals. In this chapter, we describe the successful synthesis of Cu matrix nanocomposites by the electro-deoxidation method. We think that this approach will make it possible to realistically integrate a series of copper-bimetals. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because this method opens novel opportunity to the design of nanocomposite materials. Particularly, this opens up prospects for designing the new materials from immiscible metallic elements, which is the main topic in designing of alloys as well as materials science progression.
{"title":"Copper Bimetals and Their Nanocomposites","authors":"H. Shokrvash, R. Rad, A. Massoudi, Reza Shokrvash","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.87930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87930","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with the study of the electrolysis synthesis of copper matrix nanocomposites developed for the fabrication of nanoparticulate Cu-bimetals. In this chapter, we describe the successful synthesis of Cu matrix nanocomposites by the electro-deoxidation method. We think that this approach will make it possible to realistically integrate a series of copper-bimetals. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because this method opens novel opportunity to the design of nanocomposite materials. Particularly, this opens up prospects for designing the new materials from immiscible metallic elements, which is the main topic in designing of alloys as well as materials science progression.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"24 1-2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132531664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-11DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.86826
B. John
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) play a significant role in modern day life and are widely studied for extensive properties which make them appealing to numerous applications. They are synthesized with scalable processing procedures with several nanoscale variations of fillers and forms leading to specific sensing applications. In this chapter, PNC-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors like DNA biosensors and immunosensors are discussed. These sensors related PNC applications uses nanofillers of various combinations like conductive polymers with graphene (Grp), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal nanoparticles, which endow high electrical conductivity, effective surface area, and fast electron transfer rate. Currently, wearable devices based on electrochemical Sensors and biosensors have been of great interest in the detection of both physiological and environmental analytes.
{"title":"Polymer Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors","authors":"B. John","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.86826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86826","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) play a significant role in modern day life and are widely studied for extensive properties which make them appealing to numerous applications. They are synthesized with scalable processing procedures with several nanoscale variations of fillers and forms leading to specific sensing applications. In this chapter, PNC-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors like DNA biosensors and immunosensors are discussed. These sensors related PNC applications uses nanofillers of various combinations like conductive polymers with graphene (Grp), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal nanoparticles, which endow high electrical conductivity, effective surface area, and fast electron transfer rate. Currently, wearable devices based on electrochemical Sensors and biosensors have been of great interest in the detection of both physiological and environmental analytes.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125589779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90313
A. L. González, Arturo Gomez, M. Toledo-Solano
Along this chapter, we probe that the discrete dipole approximation models fairly well the optical response of periodic systems. Herein, we use it to model the reflectance and transmittance, at normal incidence, of colloidal films made of SiO 2 spheres. As the thickness increases from 1 to 12 layers, the photonic band gap shifts to the blue tending to the value corresponding to a 3D opal, 442 nm. A film with more than eight layers resembles the bulk properties of a 3D opal. Our results are compared to a real sample. Besides, we show that taking advantage of the wide and asymmetrical absorbance spectrum of an opal with Au NPs is possible to identify the contribution of each component in the overall spectrum, through a deconvolution analysis. Finally, we present the electric field intensity as the content of metal NP increases in a monolayer. We consider NPs one order of magnitude smaller than the silica spheres, and then, 6, 9, and 17 NPs are hosted in the void. Similar average electric field intensities, about 11 times the incident intensity, are obtained with Au and Ag NPs. But, the spots with these intensities cover a bigger area with Ag NPs than with Au NPs. and transmittance, at normal incidence, of colloidal films made of SiO 2 spheres with a specific diameter of 200 nm. We show that as the thickness increases from 1 to 12 layers, the center of the photonic band gap shifts to the blue tending to the value of 444 nm. This value is very close to the one corresponding to a 3D opal with HCP structure, 442 nm. Analyzing the trend of the position of the BG, a film with more than eight layers resembles that of a 3D artificial opal. We also compared our results with a 3D artificial opal made with silica spheres of the same size as the one studied by us. We found a good qualitative agreement, and the differences are attributed mainly to the presence of defects in the sample.
{"title":"Metallo-Dielectric Colloidal Films as SERS Substrate","authors":"A. L. González, Arturo Gomez, M. Toledo-Solano","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.90313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90313","url":null,"abstract":"Along this chapter, we probe that the discrete dipole approximation models fairly well the optical response of periodic systems. Herein, we use it to model the reflectance and transmittance, at normal incidence, of colloidal films made of SiO 2 spheres. As the thickness increases from 1 to 12 layers, the photonic band gap shifts to the blue tending to the value corresponding to a 3D opal, 442 nm. A film with more than eight layers resembles the bulk properties of a 3D opal. Our results are compared to a real sample. Besides, we show that taking advantage of the wide and asymmetrical absorbance spectrum of an opal with Au NPs is possible to identify the contribution of each component in the overall spectrum, through a deconvolution analysis. Finally, we present the electric field intensity as the content of metal NP increases in a monolayer. We consider NPs one order of magnitude smaller than the silica spheres, and then, 6, 9, and 17 NPs are hosted in the void. Similar average electric field intensities, about 11 times the incident intensity, are obtained with Au and Ag NPs. But, the spots with these intensities cover a bigger area with Ag NPs than with Au NPs. and transmittance, at normal incidence, of colloidal films made of SiO 2 spheres with a specific diameter of 200 nm. We show that as the thickness increases from 1 to 12 layers, the center of the photonic band gap shifts to the blue tending to the value of 444 nm. This value is very close to the one corresponding to a 3D opal with HCP structure, 442 nm. Analyzing the trend of the position of the BG, a film with more than eight layers resembles that of a 3D artificial opal. We also compared our results with a 3D artificial opal made with silica spheres of the same size as the one studied by us. We found a good qualitative agreement, and the differences are attributed mainly to the presence of defects in the sample.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133083073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-02DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.84682
R. Essajai
MD simulations combined with the embedded-atom method have been applied to study the structural and melting properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) of different sizes. The simulation results for the actual structure of AuNRs obtained after energy minimization processes revealed that the AuNRs with largest cohesive energies tend to be structurally more stable than those with smallest ones. Then, it was found that each actual structure of AuNR is classified as an irregular structure composed of a crystalline gold core covered by an amorphous gold shell. In addi-tion, the results showed that the melting of the AuNR surface is an inhomogeneous, gradually occurring process. Besides, it was established that the premelting ratio is inversely correlated with the AuNR size, indicating that the premelting phenomenon is more pronounced in large NP sizes than in small ones.
{"title":"Study of Structural and Melting Properties of Gold Nanorods","authors":"R. Essajai","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.84682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.84682","url":null,"abstract":"MD simulations combined with the embedded-atom method have been applied to study the structural and melting properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) of different sizes. The simulation results for the actual structure of AuNRs obtained after energy minimization processes revealed that the AuNRs with largest cohesive energies tend to be structurally more stable than those with smallest ones. Then, it was found that each actual structure of AuNR is classified as an irregular structure composed of a crystalline gold core covered by an amorphous gold shell. In addi-tion, the results showed that the melting of the AuNR surface is an inhomogeneous, gradually occurring process. Besides, it was established that the premelting ratio is inversely correlated with the AuNR size, indicating that the premelting phenomenon is more pronounced in large NP sizes than in small ones.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115064121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-17DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88712
Jameela Fatheema, S. Rizwan
Due to the energy crisis, the focus on the study of new materials has increased vastly. For the increasing demand of renewable energy, there are different ways suggested to attain that, which include the rechargeable batteries and the need to achieve them at smaller costs and for longtime use. Lithium ion batteries have gained a lot of attention for that specific reason. Along with the experiments, the easier way to understand and increase the efficiency of these materials for LIBs is to study them through simulations and theoretically. Density functional theory (DFT)-based study gives us an insight into the internal workings of the compounds used in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this chapter, an analysis of different structures is presented for use in LIBs, which mainly includes carbon nanostructures or nanotubes as well as 2D material graphene. The various ways in which the carbon-based structure is enhanced include doping into the structure, heterostructure of graphene with other 2D materials, and adsorption of atoms like Si onto the surface. The adsorption of Li on these various structures and the varying binding energies and capacity with the changing structure along with the understanding at atomic and nanoscale are mentioned.
{"title":"Computational Analysis of Nanostructures for Li-Ion Batteries","authors":"Jameela Fatheema, S. Rizwan","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88712","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the energy crisis, the focus on the study of new materials has increased vastly. For the increasing demand of renewable energy, there are different ways suggested to attain that, which include the rechargeable batteries and the need to achieve them at smaller costs and for longtime use. Lithium ion batteries have gained a lot of attention for that specific reason. Along with the experiments, the easier way to understand and increase the efficiency of these materials for LIBs is to study them through simulations and theoretically. Density functional theory (DFT)-based study gives us an insight into the internal workings of the compounds used in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this chapter, an analysis of different structures is presented for use in LIBs, which mainly includes carbon nanostructures or nanotubes as well as 2D material graphene. The various ways in which the carbon-based structure is enhanced include doping into the structure, heterostructure of graphene with other 2D materials, and adsorption of atoms like Si onto the surface. The adsorption of Li on these various structures and the varying binding energies and capacity with the changing structure along with the understanding at atomic and nanoscale are mentioned.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134090345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88236
R. Aradhya, N. Renukappa
The tribological and mechanical properties of organomodified montmorillonite (oMMT)-incorporated Epoxy (Epoxy-oMMT), vinyl ester (vinyl ester-oMMT) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )-filled Epoxy (Epoxy-TiO 2 ) nanocomposites are discussed below. Implications of introducing oMMT and TiO 2 nanoparticles on mechanical and dry sliding wear properties are presented using micrographs of cast samples and through observations of wear affected surface of nanocomposites. Distribution of nanoparticles and their influence on properties are being emphasized for under-standing the wear properties. The data on mechanical and tribological properties determined experimentally are compared with published literature. The main focus is to highlight the importance of nanofillers in the design of wear-resistant thermoset polymer composites. A detailed study of strength and moduli of Epoxy-oMMT, Epoxy-TiO 2 and vinyl ester-oMMT nanocomposites was taken up as a part of the investigation. A discussion on density, hardness, tensile, flexural test data, and friction and wear of nanocomposites and analysis of results by comparison with prevalent theoretical models and published results of experiments are presented.
{"title":"Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Epoxy Nano Composites for High Voltage Applications","authors":"R. Aradhya, N. Renukappa","doi":"10.5772/intechopen.88236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88236","url":null,"abstract":"The tribological and mechanical properties of organomodified montmorillonite (oMMT)-incorporated Epoxy (Epoxy-oMMT), vinyl ester (vinyl ester-oMMT) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )-filled Epoxy (Epoxy-TiO 2 ) nanocomposites are discussed below. Implications of introducing oMMT and TiO 2 nanoparticles on mechanical and dry sliding wear properties are presented using micrographs of cast samples and through observations of wear affected surface of nanocomposites. Distribution of nanoparticles and their influence on properties are being emphasized for under-standing the wear properties. The data on mechanical and tribological properties determined experimentally are compared with published literature. The main focus is to highlight the importance of nanofillers in the design of wear-resistant thermoset polymer composites. A detailed study of strength and moduli of Epoxy-oMMT, Epoxy-TiO 2 and vinyl ester-oMMT nanocomposites was taken up as a part of the investigation. A discussion on density, hardness, tensile, flexural test data, and friction and wear of nanocomposites and analysis of results by comparison with prevalent theoretical models and published results of experiments are presented.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130192309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-12DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85137
V. Irzhak
Kinetic features of the formation of epoxy nanocomposites with carbon (nanotubes, graphene, and graphite), metal-containing, and aluminosilicate (montmorillonite and halloysite) fillers are considered. In contrast to linear polymers, epoxy nanocomposites are obtained only via the curing of epoxy oligomers in the presence of filler or the corresponding precursor. These additives may affect the kinetics of the process and the properties of the resulting matrix. A high reactivity of epoxy groups and a thermodynamic miscibility of epoxy oligomers with many substances make it possible to use diverse curing agents and to accomplish curing reactions under various technological conditions. The mutual effect of both a matrix and nanoparticles on the kinetics of the composite formation is discussed.
{"title":"Kinetic Features of Synthesis of Epoxy Nanocomposites","authors":"V. Irzhak","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85137","url":null,"abstract":"Kinetic features of the formation of epoxy nanocomposites with carbon (nanotubes, graphene, and graphite), metal-containing, and aluminosilicate (montmorillonite and halloysite) fillers are considered. In contrast to linear polymers, epoxy nanocomposites are obtained only via the curing of epoxy oligomers in the presence of filler or the corresponding precursor. These additives may affect the kinetics of the process and the properties of the resulting matrix. A high reactivity of epoxy groups and a thermodynamic miscibility of epoxy oligomers with many substances make it possible to use diverse curing agents and to accomplish curing reactions under various technological conditions. The mutual effect of both a matrix and nanoparticles on the kinetics of the composite formation is discussed.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85513
Z. Rafiei-Sarmazdeh, S. Ahmadi
After discovering graphene and its extraordinary intrinsic, other graphene-like nanomaterials (GLNs) became a topic of interest to many scientists of the time. Recently, GLNs, nanosheets of sp 2 -hybridized atoms arranged in a two-dimensional lattice with impressive thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, has attracted both academic and industrial interest because it can produce dramatic improve-ments in properties at very low filler content. Many studies have been performed on GLNs with various applications, including boron nitride nanosheets, transition metal dichalcogenides, and other two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. This rapid advance provides a strong appetence for further research on properties of GLNs, including mechanical, electrical and thermal properties and their potential applications in the nanocomposites industry.
{"title":"Graphene-Like Nanocomposites","authors":"Z. Rafiei-Sarmazdeh, S. Ahmadi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85513","url":null,"abstract":"After discovering graphene and its extraordinary intrinsic, other graphene-like nanomaterials (GLNs) became a topic of interest to many scientists of the time. Recently, GLNs, nanosheets of sp 2 -hybridized atoms arranged in a two-dimensional lattice with impressive thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties, has attracted both academic and industrial interest because it can produce dramatic improve-ments in properties at very low filler content. Many studies have been performed on GLNs with various applications, including boron nitride nanosheets, transition metal dichalcogenides, and other two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. This rapid advance provides a strong appetence for further research on properties of GLNs, including mechanical, electrical and thermal properties and their potential applications in the nanocomposites industry.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115077416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84550
Alsultan Abdul Kareem Ghassan, N. Mijan, Y. Taufiq-Yap
Nanorods are nanostructures that are the object of fundamental and applied research. They may be prepared from carbon, gold, zinc oxide, and many other materials. They are bigger than individual atoms (measured in angstroms, 1 Å = 10 (cid:1) 10 m) and also than small molecules. The turning point for nanomaterials research was the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991. Their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties depend upon their size, allowing for multiple applications. Also, nanorods may be functionalized for different applications. In this Chapter, the methods of synthesis and analysis, and the applications of carbon, zinc oxide, gold, and magnetic nanorods are reviewed. route, sol-gel, vapor condensa-tion, spray pyrolysis, pulse laser decomposition, laser ablation, thermal evapora-tion, pulse combustion-spray pyrolysis, electro-mechanical, flame spray plasma, microwave plasma, low energy beam deposition, ball-milling, chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation, chemical reduction, co-precipitation, hybrid wet chemical route, physical evaporation, electrophoretic deposition, radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering,
纳米棒是一种纳米结构，是基础研究和应用研究的对象。它们可以由碳、金、氧化锌和许多其他材料制备。它们比单个原子大(以埃为单位，1 Å = 10 (cid:1) 10 m)，也比小分子大。纳米材料研究的转折点是1991年碳纳米管的发现。它们的机械、电气和光学性能取决于它们的尺寸，允许多种应用。此外，纳米棒可以被功能化用于不同的应用。本章综述了碳纳米棒、氧化锌纳米棒、金纳米棒和磁性纳米棒的合成、分析方法及其应用。溶胶-凝胶、蒸汽冷凝、喷雾热解、脉冲激光分解、激光烧蚀、热蒸发、脉冲燃烧-喷雾热解、机电、火焰喷射等离子体、微波等离子体、低能束沉积、球磨、化学气相沉积、激光烧蚀、化学还原、共沉淀、混合湿化学路线、物理蒸发、电泳沉积、射频(RF)磁控溅射、
{"title":"Nanomaterials: An Overview of Nanorods Synthesis and Optimization","authors":"Alsultan Abdul Kareem Ghassan, N. Mijan, Y. Taufiq-Yap","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.84550","url":null,"abstract":"Nanorods are nanostructures that are the object of fundamental and applied research. They may be prepared from carbon, gold, zinc oxide, and many other materials. They are bigger than individual atoms (measured in angstroms, 1 Å = 10 (cid:1) 10 m) and also than small molecules. The turning point for nanomaterials research was the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991. Their mechanical, electrical, and optical properties depend upon their size, allowing for multiple applications. Also, nanorods may be functionalized for different applications. In this Chapter, the methods of synthesis and analysis, and the applications of carbon, zinc oxide, gold, and magnetic nanorods are reviewed. route, sol-gel, vapor condensa-tion, spray pyrolysis, pulse laser decomposition, laser ablation, thermal evapora-tion, pulse combustion-spray pyrolysis, electro-mechanical, flame spray plasma, microwave plasma, low energy beam deposition, ball-milling, chemical vapor deposition, laser ablation, chemical reduction, co-precipitation, hybrid wet chemical route, physical evaporation, electrophoretic deposition, radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering,","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"2612 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128939997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-01DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85741
A. Sood, J. Zeller, G. Pethuraja, R. Welser, N. Dhar, P. Wijewarnasuriya
This chapter covers recent advances in the development of nanostructure-based material technologies to benefit next-generation electro-optical (EO) and infrared (IR) sensor and imager applications. Nanostructured materials can now be integrated into a variety of technological platforms, offering novel optoelectrical properties that greatly enhance device performance in many practical applications. Use of novel carbon nanotube (CNT) based materials has enabled new approaches for applying nanostructure design methodologies that can offer enhanced performance for low-cost bolometers for IR detection and imaging applications. We will discuss the development of carbon nanostructure based infrared detectors and arrays, including concepts that will provide high performance, high frame rate, and uncooled microbolometers for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) band detection. In addition, nanostructured antireflection (AR) coatings are being developed that significantly enhance transmission over a broad spectrum, providing substantial improvements in device performance compared to conven-tional thin film AR coatings. These nanostructured AR coatings have been demonstrated over visible to LWIR spectral bands on various substrates. In this chapter, we discuss both theoretical and measured results of these diverse nanostructure technologies to advance sensing performance over a wide range of spectral bands for defense, space, and commercial applications.
{"title":"Nanostructure Technology for EO/IR Detector Applications","authors":"A. Sood, J. Zeller, G. Pethuraja, R. Welser, N. Dhar, P. Wijewarnasuriya","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.85741","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers recent advances in the development of nanostructure-based material technologies to benefit next-generation electro-optical (EO) and infrared (IR) sensor and imager applications. Nanostructured materials can now be integrated into a variety of technological platforms, offering novel optoelectrical properties that greatly enhance device performance in many practical applications. Use of novel carbon nanotube (CNT) based materials has enabled new approaches for applying nanostructure design methodologies that can offer enhanced performance for low-cost bolometers for IR detection and imaging applications. We will discuss the development of carbon nanostructure based infrared detectors and arrays, including concepts that will provide high performance, high frame rate, and uncooled microbolometers for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) band detection. In addition, nanostructured antireflection (AR) coatings are being developed that significantly enhance transmission over a broad spectrum, providing substantial improvements in device performance compared to conven-tional thin film AR coatings. These nanostructured AR coatings have been demonstrated over visible to LWIR spectral bands on various substrates. In this chapter, we discuss both theoretical and measured results of these diverse nanostructure technologies to advance sensing performance over a wide range of spectral bands for defense, space, and commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":280616,"journal":{"name":"Nanorods and Nanocomposites","volume":"63 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132463725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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