Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1129302
Adi Mana, S. Sagy, A. Srour
ABSTRACT The current article attempts to broaden the individual-based concept of sense of coherence to the community level. We examine sense of community coherence and its connection with perceptions of collective narratives and acculturation tendencies in the social context of Palestinian Muslims and Christians living in Israel. Questionnaires that were developed and adapted for the unique population in this study were distributed to a representative sample of 1034 Muslims (455 males) and 720 Christians (354 males), all Israeli citizens aged 18 and up. As expected, sense of community coherence was negatively related to the level of acceptance of the out-group collective narratives and positively related to the level of acceptance of the in-group collective narratives. In the same vein, it was also positively related to the tendency for separation and negatively related to the tendency for integration and assimilation. The discussion focuses on the contribution of the research findings to the deepening of our understanding of the concepts of sense of coherence and sense of community coherence.
{"title":"Sense of community coherence and inter-religious relations","authors":"Adi Mana, S. Sagy, A. Srour","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2015.1129302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1129302","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current article attempts to broaden the individual-based concept of sense of coherence to the community level. We examine sense of community coherence and its connection with perceptions of collective narratives and acculturation tendencies in the social context of Palestinian Muslims and Christians living in Israel. Questionnaires that were developed and adapted for the unique population in this study were distributed to a representative sample of 1034 Muslims (455 males) and 720 Christians (354 males), all Israeli citizens aged 18 and up. As expected, sense of community coherence was negatively related to the level of acceptance of the out-group collective narratives and positively related to the level of acceptance of the in-group collective narratives. In the same vein, it was also positively related to the tendency for separation and negatively related to the tendency for integration and assimilation. The discussion focuses on the contribution of the research findings to the deepening of our understanding of the concepts of sense of coherence and sense of community coherence.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115649811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-22DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1129304
N. Guéguen, S. Meineri, Clément Ruiz, A. Pascual
ABSTRACT Research has reported that reciprocity is an important social norm in relationships. In previous studies on reciprocity, participants’ behavior was examined after receiving a favor from someone. In a series of field studies, we examined the effect of a statement that proved that a solicitor was someone who respected this principle. Confederates solicited participants for money or a cigarette in exchange for stamps or money, respectively. It was found that the participants complied more readily with the request in the promised favor condition, but most of them refused to take the promised favor. We conclude that individuals were led to help those who respected the putative norm of reciprocity in their social interaction.
{"title":"Promising reciprocity: When proposing a favor for a request increases compliance even if the favor is not accepted","authors":"N. Guéguen, S. Meineri, Clément Ruiz, A. Pascual","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2015.1129304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1129304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Research has reported that reciprocity is an important social norm in relationships. In previous studies on reciprocity, participants’ behavior was examined after receiving a favor from someone. In a series of field studies, we examined the effect of a statement that proved that a solicitor was someone who respected this principle. Confederates solicited participants for money or a cigarette in exchange for stamps or money, respectively. It was found that the participants complied more readily with the request in the promised favor condition, but most of them refused to take the promised favor. We conclude that individuals were led to help those who respected the putative norm of reciprocity in their social interaction.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134582689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-11DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1140118
Ain Simpson, S. Laham, A. Fiske
ABSTRACT Morality primarily serves social-relational functions. However, little research in moral psychology investigates how relational factors impact moral judgment, and a theoretically grounded approach to such investigations is lacking. We used Relational Models Theory and Moral Foundations Theory to explore how varying actor-victim relationships impacts judgment of different types of moral violations. Across three studies, using a diverse range of moral violations and varying the experimental design, relational context substantially influenced third-party judgment of moral violations, and typically independent of several factors strongly associated with moral judgment. Results lend novel but mixed support to Relationship Regulation Theory and provide some novel implications for Moral Foundations Theory. These studies highlight the importance of relational factors in moral psychology and provide guidelines for exploring how relational factors might shape moral judgment.
{"title":"Wrongness in different relationships: Relational context effects on moral judgment","authors":"Ain Simpson, S. Laham, A. Fiske","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2016.1140118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2016.1140118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Morality primarily serves social-relational functions. However, little research in moral psychology investigates how relational factors impact moral judgment, and a theoretically grounded approach to such investigations is lacking. We used Relational Models Theory and Moral Foundations Theory to explore how varying actor-victim relationships impacts judgment of different types of moral violations. Across three studies, using a diverse range of moral violations and varying the experimental design, relational context substantially influenced third-party judgment of moral violations, and typically independent of several factors strongly associated with moral judgment. Results lend novel but mixed support to Relationship Regulation Theory and provide some novel implications for Moral Foundations Theory. These studies highlight the importance of relational factors in moral psychology and provide guidelines for exploring how relational factors might shape moral judgment.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129167267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-08DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1135865
Daniela Renger, Alex Mommert, Sophus Renger, B. Simon
ABSTRACT Past research has demonstrated that equality-based respect is an important antecedent of positive social interaction and group-serving behavior. In the present research we tested whether intragroup equality-based respect affects perceptions of being treated as a human as well as self-dehumanization. In Experiment 1, we found that high respect received from fellow work group members heightens group members’ sense of being treated as a human being, while low respect diminishes it. In Experiment 2, we secured evidence that (dis)respect also affected recipients’ self-views in terms of self-dehumanization. More specifically, if respect was withheld by other ingroup members, fewer human nature and human uniqueness traits, as well as secondary positive emotions, were attributed to the self. This increase in self-infrahumanization was further related to higher endorsement of unethical behavior. We discuss the importance of equality-based respect for (de-)humanization processes in social groups.
{"title":"When less equal is less human: Intragroup (dis)respect and the experience of being human","authors":"Daniela Renger, Alex Mommert, Sophus Renger, B. Simon","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2015.1135865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1135865","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Past research has demonstrated that equality-based respect is an important antecedent of positive social interaction and group-serving behavior. In the present research we tested whether intragroup equality-based respect affects perceptions of being treated as a human as well as self-dehumanization. In Experiment 1, we found that high respect received from fellow work group members heightens group members’ sense of being treated as a human being, while low respect diminishes it. In Experiment 2, we secured evidence that (dis)respect also affected recipients’ self-views in terms of self-dehumanization. More specifically, if respect was withheld by other ingroup members, fewer human nature and human uniqueness traits, as well as secondary positive emotions, were attributed to the self. This increase in self-infrahumanization was further related to higher endorsement of unethical behavior. We discuss the importance of equality-based respect for (de-)humanization processes in social groups.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121971339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-06DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1135779
Nicola Hermanto, D. Zuroff
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test social mentality theory, which views self-compassion/reassurance as a form of intrapersonal relating in which the interpersonal mentalities of care-seeking and caregiving are activated. Self-report measures of motivations, cognitions, and behaviors related to seeking and receiving care from others were administered to 195 students. Self-compassion/reassurance was predicted by the interaction of care-seeking and caregiving, with the positive effect of care-seeking intensified at high caregiving. As hypothesized, the combination of high care-seeking and high caregiving predicted the highest level of self-compassion/reassurance. The lowest level of self-compassion/reassurance was predicted by the combination of low care-seeking and high caregiving consistent with the concept of compulsive caregiving. Findings suggest that fostering a kinder way of relating to oneself may be achieved through more effective care-seeking and caregiving with others.
{"title":"The social mentality theory of self-compassion and self-reassurance: The interactive effect of care-seeking and caregiving","authors":"Nicola Hermanto, D. Zuroff","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2015.1135779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1135779","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to test social mentality theory, which views self-compassion/reassurance as a form of intrapersonal relating in which the interpersonal mentalities of care-seeking and caregiving are activated. Self-report measures of motivations, cognitions, and behaviors related to seeking and receiving care from others were administered to 195 students. Self-compassion/reassurance was predicted by the interaction of care-seeking and caregiving, with the positive effect of care-seeking intensified at high caregiving. As hypothesized, the combination of high care-seeking and high caregiving predicted the highest level of self-compassion/reassurance. The lowest level of self-compassion/reassurance was predicted by the combination of low care-seeking and high caregiving consistent with the concept of compulsive caregiving. Findings suggest that fostering a kinder way of relating to oneself may be achieved through more effective care-seeking and caregiving with others.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126117869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-06DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1135780
L. Moussaoui, O. Desrichard
ABSTRACT Growing awareness of humanity’s impact on the environment raises the question of how best to encourage pro-environmental actions. Numerous campaigns have been created to convince people to adopt environmentally friendly everyday behaviors, with varying success. The difficulty may be due, at least in part, to the huge gap between these small individual actions and the high-level goals, such as “saving the planet,” often used as incentives. We tested this hypothesis via four experiments. Studies 1 and 2 showed that high-level goals were less effective than low-level goals in promoting paper- and energy-saving behaviors. Study 3 showed that high-level goals engender lower perceived outcome expectancy and higher perception of cumulative effort. Study 4 showed that outcome expectancy mediates the direct effect of goal level on intention.
{"title":"Act local but don’t think too global: The impact of ecological goal level on behavior","authors":"L. Moussaoui, O. Desrichard","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2015.1135780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1135780","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Growing awareness of humanity’s impact on the environment raises the question of how best to encourage pro-environmental actions. Numerous campaigns have been created to convince people to adopt environmentally friendly everyday behaviors, with varying success. The difficulty may be due, at least in part, to the huge gap between these small individual actions and the high-level goals, such as “saving the planet,” often used as incentives. We tested this hypothesis via four experiments. Studies 1 and 2 showed that high-level goals were less effective than low-level goals in promoting paper- and energy-saving behaviors. Study 3 showed that high-level goals engender lower perceived outcome expectancy and higher perception of cumulative effort. Study 4 showed that outcome expectancy mediates the direct effect of goal level on intention.","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114050104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1105702
{"title":"Reviewers for Volume 155","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2015.1105702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1105702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125373992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-04DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2014.978631
I. Frieze
ELLEN COLE AND MARY GERGEN HAVE EDITED a collection of reflections of some very well-known feminist psychologists discussing their decision-making regarding their own retirement. As the co-editors discuss in the Forward, many of the “founding mothers” (p. 11) of Division 35 of the American Psychological Association are now in their 70s or older and are now facing retirement. The many accomplishments of this group of women are briefly discussed. As the co-editors explain, it was hoped that a “broad audience of readers could benefit from their individual and collective experience” (p. 13). Diversity among the women leadership of Division 35 was considered in inviting chapters, and women who were thinking about retirement wrote about their experiences, along with those who were beginning their retirement years, and those who had already been retired for some time. All of the chapter authors were distinguished scholars and many were former Presidents of Division 35. Michelle Fine discussed the importance of this cohort of women in her Introduction chapter. One of the chapters was written by Nancy Schlossberg, who was classified as being early in her retirement. She has published research on retirement experiences of both men and women (Schlossberg, 2009). She identified six common patterns among both the women and men in her sample. These included:
ELLEN COLE和MARY GERGEN编辑了一些非常著名的女权主义心理学家的反思集，讨论了他们对自己退休的决定。正如联合编辑在《前进》中讨论的那样，美国心理学会第35分会的许多“创始母亲”(第11页)现在已经70多岁或更老了，正面临退休。简要地讨论了这群妇女的许多成就。正如联合编辑解释的那样，他们希望“广大读者能够从他们的个人和集体经验中受益”(第13页)。在邀请章节中考虑到了第35司妇女领导的多样性，考虑退休的妇女以及那些即将开始退休的妇女和那些已经退休一段时间的妇女写下了她们的经历。所有章节的作者都是杰出的学者，其中许多人是第35分部的前任校长。Michelle Fine在她的引言章节中讨论了这群女性的重要性。其中一章是由南希·施洛斯伯格(Nancy Schlossberg)撰写的，她被归类为提前退休。她发表了关于男性和女性退休经历的研究(Schlossberg, 2009)。她在样本中发现了六种男性和女性的共同模式。这些包括:
{"title":"Dealing With Generativity, Money, Loss, and Health in Retirement: A Review of Retiring But Not Shy: Feminist Psychologists Create Their Post-Careers","authors":"I. Frieze","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2014.978631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2014.978631","url":null,"abstract":"ELLEN COLE AND MARY GERGEN HAVE EDITED a collection of reflections of some very well-known feminist psychologists discussing their decision-making regarding their own retirement. As the co-editors discuss in the Forward, many of the “founding mothers” (p. 11) of Division 35 of the American Psychological Association are now in their 70s or older and are now facing retirement. The many accomplishments of this group of women are briefly discussed. As the co-editors explain, it was hoped that a “broad audience of readers could benefit from their individual and collective experience” (p. 13). Diversity among the women leadership of Division 35 was considered in inviting chapters, and women who were thinking about retirement wrote about their experiences, along with those who were beginning their retirement years, and those who had already been retired for some time. All of the chapter authors were distinguished scholars and many were former Presidents of Division 35. Michelle Fine discussed the importance of this cohort of women in her Introduction chapter. One of the chapters was written by Nancy Schlossberg, who was classified as being early in her retirement. She has published research on retirement experiences of both men and women (Schlossberg, 2009). She identified six common patterns among both the women and men in her sample. These included:","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128471743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-02DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2014.958968
{"title":"Editorial Board EOV","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2014.958968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2014.958968","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123851201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-08-20DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2014.953871
Tammy J. Core, J. Alquist
POSITIVE EMOTIONS ARE HIGHLY VALUED experiences in people’s everyday lives. Indeed, many people often express the life goal of “I just want to be happy.” The Handbook of Positive Emotion establishes positive emotions’ important place in psychological theory and research. The handbook contextualizes positive emotions within various psychological perspectives including evolutionary, social, developmental, and clinical psychology. Overall, the tone of the handbook is persuasive, arguing that understanding positive emotion is just as important as understanding negative emotion. The chapters are concise, well-written, and easily approachable for graduate students and academic researchers. The editors selected an impressive collection of respected researchers with different psychological perspectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on positive emotions. The handbook is logically organized, beginning with an overview of the theoretical foundations underlying positive emotion research. Subsequent sections focus more specifically on biological and social perspectives on positive emotions. This is followed by chapters with a more narrowed focus on specific positive emotions, such as happiness and love. The handbook concludes with a more applied psychological perspective, highlighting the importance of positive emotions for various outcomes, such as physical and mental health. The first section on theoretical foundations of positive emotions gives the reader a basis for understanding the subsequent sections on biological and social perspectives of positive emotions. It begins with a chapter by Smith, Tong, and Ellsworth describing the appraisal theory of positive emotions, which states that emotional experiences are cognitively constructed through an
{"title":"Review of The Handbook of Positive Emotions","authors":"Tammy J. Core, J. Alquist","doi":"10.1080/00224545.2014.953871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2014.953871","url":null,"abstract":"POSITIVE EMOTIONS ARE HIGHLY VALUED experiences in people’s everyday lives. Indeed, many people often express the life goal of “I just want to be happy.” The Handbook of Positive Emotion establishes positive emotions’ important place in psychological theory and research. The handbook contextualizes positive emotions within various psychological perspectives including evolutionary, social, developmental, and clinical psychology. Overall, the tone of the handbook is persuasive, arguing that understanding positive emotion is just as important as understanding negative emotion. The chapters are concise, well-written, and easily approachable for graduate students and academic researchers. The editors selected an impressive collection of respected researchers with different psychological perspectives to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on positive emotions. The handbook is logically organized, beginning with an overview of the theoretical foundations underlying positive emotion research. Subsequent sections focus more specifically on biological and social perspectives on positive emotions. This is followed by chapters with a more narrowed focus on specific positive emotions, such as happiness and love. The handbook concludes with a more applied psychological perspective, highlighting the importance of positive emotions for various outcomes, such as physical and mental health. The first section on theoretical foundations of positive emotions gives the reader a basis for understanding the subsequent sections on biological and social perspectives of positive emotions. It begins with a chapter by Smith, Tong, and Ellsworth describing the appraisal theory of positive emotions, which states that emotional experiences are cognitively constructed through an","PeriodicalId":280808,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of social psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133439045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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