It has been frequently pointed out that the task of determining an error-bound for the results of a problem is usually a long difficult calculation, which is avoided as much as possible by the programmer. The introduction of floating-point arithmetic in modern computers and the ever-growing use of compilers makes the task of error analysis even more difficult and its computation even less probable. Clearly, a machine method is needed to automatically calculate a bound for the propagated and generated error, given the initial error in the input and the residual error due to approximating functions.
{"title":"Normalized floating-point arithmetic with an index of significance","authors":"Herbert L. Gray, Charles Harrison","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460329","url":null,"abstract":"It has been frequently pointed out that the task of determining an error-bound for the results of a problem is usually a long difficult calculation, which is avoided as much as possible by the programmer. The introduction of floating-point arithmetic in modern computers and the ever-growing use of compilers makes the task of error analysis even more difficult and its computation even less probable. Clearly, a machine method is needed to automatically calculate a bound for the propagated and generated error, given the initial error in the input and the residual error due to approximating functions.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115532511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MOBIDIC B is an all transistorized, militarized computer mounted in a standard Army trailer. It is a general-purpose, parallel, binary, synchronous, fixed point, and duplexed data processing system.
{"title":"The system organization of MOBIDIC B","authors":"Stanley K. Chao","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460310","url":null,"abstract":"MOBIDIC B is an all transistorized, militarized computer mounted in a standard Army trailer. It is a general-purpose, parallel, binary, synchronous, fixed point, and duplexed data processing system.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"67 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123525030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the design of a data processor for commercial applications, the designer is very often striving for better machine performance for little or no increase in cost. In the system design of the Honeywell 800 transistorized data processing system, several design concepts were utilized to help achieve this objective. One of these techniques involves the use of a small auxiliary memory to aid in the control of the high speed central processor. A second technique uses a new word organization that results in a faster and less costly arithmetic element.
{"title":"Arithmetic and control techniques in a multiprogram computer","authors":"N. Lourie, H. Schrimpf, R. Reach, W. Kahn","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460307","url":null,"abstract":"In the design of a data processor for commercial applications, the designer is very often striving for better machine performance for little or no increase in cost. In the system design of the Honeywell 800 transistorized data processing system, several design concepts were utilized to help achieve this objective. One of these techniques involves the use of a small auxiliary memory to aid in the control of the high speed central processor. A second technique uses a new word organization that results in a faster and less costly arithmetic element.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129770026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the major problems facing technical management today are those involving the coordination of many diverse activities toward a common goal. In a large engineering project, for example, almost all the engineering and craft skills are involved as well as the functions represented by research, development, design, procurement, construction, vendors, fabricators and the customer. Management must devise plans which will tell with as much accuracy as possible how the efforts of the people representing these functions should be directed toward the project's completion. In order to devise such plans and implement them, management must be able to collect pertinent information to accomplish the following tasks: (1) To form a basis for prediction and planning (2) To evaluate alternative plans for accomplishing the objective (3) To check progress against current plans and objectives, and (4) To form a basis for obtaining the facts so that decisions can be made and the job can be done.
{"title":"Critical-path planning and scheduling","authors":"J. Kelley, M. Walker","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460318","url":null,"abstract":"Among the major problems facing technical management today are those involving the coordination of many diverse activities toward a common goal. In a large engineering project, for example, almost all the engineering and craft skills are involved as well as the functions represented by research, development, design, procurement, construction, vendors, fabricators and the customer. Management must devise plans which will tell with as much accuracy as possible how the efforts of the people representing these functions should be directed toward the project's completion. In order to devise such plans and implement them, management must be able to collect pertinent information to accomplish the following tasks:\u0000 (1) To form a basis for prediction and planning\u0000 (2) To evaluate alternative plans for accomplishing the objective\u0000 (3) To check progress against current plans and objectives, and\u0000 (4) To form a basis for obtaining the facts so that decisions can be made and the job can be done.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"324 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133258567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For fixed installation, it is often possible to control the temperature of ferrite core memories within narrow limits. However, in a small mobile computer designed to operate over world-wide conditions, this control is not feasible because of the added weight, volume, and cost encountered. A memory designed for such application has been temperature compensated by the use of temperature sensitive components in the current sources to the X-Y drivers and in the power supplies for the Z drivers. In addition, core derived strobing has provided peaking time compensation for the sense amplifiers as changes in transistor characteristics delay or advance drive current. This compensation permits operation of an 8192 word 38-bit transistorized memory running at an 8 microsecond cycle time in an ambient environment which may vary between −30°C and +55°C.
{"title":"Temperature compensation for a core memory","authors":"A. H. Ashley, E. Cohler, W. Humphrey","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460322","url":null,"abstract":"For fixed installation, it is often possible to control the temperature of ferrite core memories within narrow limits. However, in a small mobile computer designed to operate over world-wide conditions, this control is not feasible because of the added weight, volume, and cost encountered. A memory designed for such application has been temperature compensated by the use of temperature sensitive components in the current sources to the X-Y drivers and in the power supplies for the Z drivers. In addition, core derived strobing has provided peaking time compensation for the sense amplifiers as changes in transistor characteristics delay or advance drive current. This compensation permits operation of an 8192 word 38-bit transistorized memory running at an 8 microsecond cycle time in an ambient environment which may vary between −30°C and +55°C.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"39 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126274478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper considers the advances required in many related technologies to revolutionize the construction and use of digital data processing systems. In the following discussion we are particularly concerned with the radical change in fabrication technology and wish to analyze the effect that this change will have on our methods of computer design and specification.
{"title":"Computers of the future","authors":"R. Rice","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460300","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the advances required in many related technologies to revolutionize the construction and use of digital data processing systems. In the following discussion we are particularly concerned with the radical change in fabrication technology and wish to analyze the effect that this change will have on our methods of computer design and specification.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123100062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The IBM 1210 Sorter/Reader recognizes characters printed in a specified location on paper with magnetic ink. A schematic diagram of the machine system is given in Fig. 1. The characters first come to a writing head which induces a magnetic field in the special purpose ink with which the characters are written. Next this magnetic field is sensed by a multi-channel reading head. The utput of the reading head is a set of ten time-dependent voltage waves.
IBM 1210分类器/阅读器识别用磁性墨水打印在纸上指定位置的字符。机器系统的示意图如图1所示。这些字符首先到达一个书写头，这个书写头在用来书写这些字符的专用墨水中产生磁场。然后这个磁场被一个多通道读取头感知。读数头的输出是一组10个随时间变化的电压波。
{"title":"Use of a computer to design character recognition logic","authors":"R. J. Evey","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460323","url":null,"abstract":"The IBM 1210 Sorter/Reader recognizes characters printed in a specified location on paper with magnetic ink. A schematic diagram of the machine system is given in Fig. 1. The characters first come to a writing head which induces a magnetic field in the special purpose ink with which the characters are written. Next this magnetic field is sensed by a multi-channel reading head. The utput of the reading head is a set of ten time-dependent voltage waves.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Any serious attempt at automatic programming of large-scale digital computing machines must provide for some sort of analysis of program structure. Questions concerning order of operations, location and disposition of transfers, identification of subroutines, internal consistency, redundancy and equivalence, all involve a knowledge of the structure of the program under study, and must be handled effectively by any automatic programming system.
{"title":"Applications of Boolean matrices to the analysis of flow diagrams","authors":"R. Prosser","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460314","url":null,"abstract":"Any serious attempt at automatic programming of large-scale digital computing machines must provide for some sort of analysis of program structure. Questions concerning order of operations, location and disposition of transfers, identification of subroutines, internal consistency, redundancy and equivalence, all involve a knowledge of the structure of the program under study, and must be handled effectively by any automatic programming system.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"48 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134362312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a report on the merging of two fields: communication switching and computers. Recent advances in the computer art make it possible to satisfy the ever increasing communication switching requirements brought on, in part, by computers themselves employed in centralized data processing systems. Present record communication systems have significant delays which are not primarily caused by the transmission times but by the time required for the operations in the communication message switching centers.
{"title":"The multi-sequence computer as a communications tool","authors":"J. Ackley","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460312","url":null,"abstract":"This is a report on the merging of two fields: communication switching and computers. Recent advances in the computer art make it possible to satisfy the ever increasing communication switching requirements brought on, in part, by computers themselves employed in centralized data processing systems. Present record communication systems have significant delays which are not primarily caused by the transmission times but by the time required for the operations in the communication message switching centers.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128340548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In determining the maximum repetition rate of a given switching circuit, the response of the switching device and the effect of other circuit parameters (including stray elements) must be taken into account. Although the switching speed is ultimately limited by the device, in many cases one never reaches this theoretical maximum because circuit limitations play the dominant role. To solve this problem, one is forced to devise extremely simple circuits with few components in order to minimize the effect of stray reactance. The use of two-terminal negative-resistance elements allows one to do this.
{"title":"Negative-resistance elements as digital computer components","authors":"M. Lewin","doi":"10.1145/1460299.1460301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1460299.1460301","url":null,"abstract":"In determining the maximum repetition rate of a given switching circuit, the response of the switching device and the effect of other circuit parameters (including stray elements) must be taken into account. Although the switching speed is ultimately limited by the device, in many cases one never reaches this theoretical maximum because circuit limitations play the dominant role. To solve this problem, one is forced to devise extremely simple circuits with few components in order to minimize the effect of stray reactance. The use of two-terminal negative-resistance elements allows one to do this.","PeriodicalId":281900,"journal":{"name":"IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1899-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115960933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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