{"title":"Detection of human coronavirus RNA in surgical smoke generated by surgical devices","authors":"Takuya Yokoe","doi":"10.5361/jkmu.74.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5361/jkmu.74.7","url":null,"abstract":"多くの外科医は電気メスや超音波メス等のエネルギーデバイスを使用する．これらの機器が生体組織を熱分解することで発生する煤煙はサージカルスモークと呼ばれ，この中には発癌性物質，患者由来の細菌・悪性細胞・ウイルスなどの有害物質が含まれていることが，数多くの研究で指摘されている．2019年にパンデミックになった新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）では，患者の呼吸器・糞便・血清中にウイルスRNAが存在することが示されている．そして，患者から生じたサージカルスモークによってウイルスが手術スタッフへ感染する可能性が指摘されているが，そのリスクや予防方法を評価する情報は不十分であった．そこで，筆者らはモデル実験でサージカルスモーク中のヒトコロナウイルスRNAの存在と感染力を検証し，サージカルマスクでウイルス感染リスクを低減できる可能性を評価した．本モデルでは，切開対象からサージカルスモーク中にウイルスRNAの1/106～1/105が移行した．サージカルスモーク中のウイルスは培養細胞プラークアッセイでは直接の感染性は証明できなかったが，培養上清にはウイルスRNAが自然減衰以上に保持され，特に電気メスに比べ超音波メスによるサージカルスモークは感染性がより高い可能性が示唆された．また，サージカルマスクはサージカルスモーク中のウイルスRNAの量を99.80%以上減少させることができた．この研究により，コロナウイルス感染患者のサージカルスモーク中には，感染性のあるウイルスが存在し，サージカルマスクの着用は，その感染に対する予防策となる可能性が示された．","PeriodicalId":281939,"journal":{"name":"The journal of Kansai Medical University","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135562948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New insights into a Potential therapeutic agent for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Focus on the novel Effects of Unkeito","authors":"Ke Fang, Yuki Murakami, Seiji Kanda, Takaki Shimono, Anh Tuan Dang, Mitsuaki Ono, Toshimasa Nishiyama","doi":"10.5361/jkmu.74.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5361/jkmu.74.1","url":null,"abstract":"骨粗鬆症は特に閉経後の女性に多い骨の疾患である．これまで骨粗鬆症の治療薬は骨量の増加効果に主眼をおいて開発されているが，治療のエンドポイントである骨折リスクの軽減には骨量と骨質を改善し，骨代謝バランスを正常にする有効性の高い治療薬の開発が重要である．近年，様々な漢方製剤の骨維持の有効性が臨床では示されているが，その作用機序については明らかにされていない．本研究では，閉経後の更年期障害の治療で汎用される漢方製剤の中で，温経湯（UKT）に着目し，破骨細胞分化誘導因子であるRANKL刺激による破骨細胞分化への影響を調べ，UKTの作用メカニズムについて明らかにした．我々がスクリーニングした様々な漢方製剤の中で，UKTが最も強い破骨細胞分化阻害効果を示した．UKTは破骨細胞の初期分化に不可欠な転写因子NFATc1を阻害した．またNFATc1の上流シグナルであるNF-κBの核移行を阻害した一方で，NFATc1を阻害するBlimp1-Bcl6シグナルを活性化し，破骨細胞の分化成熟を抑制することを明らかにした．さらに我々は活性型Caspase-3によって，UKTが単核破骨細胞のアポトーシスを誘導することを示した．本研究はUKTがBlimp1-Bcl6およびNF-κBシグナル伝達経路を介して，RANKL誘導による破骨細胞分化を抑制し，単核破骨細胞の細胞死を誘導することを初めて明らかにした研究であり，UKTが閉経後骨粗鬆症の効果的な治療薬となりうる可能性を示した．本稿では，我々の研究成果について概説する．","PeriodicalId":281939,"journal":{"name":"The journal of Kansai Medical University","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135561385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-30DOI: 10.5361/JKMU1956.60.2-4_185
剛 関本
{"title":"H-RASV12 導入癌細胞のSmad依存性癌化シグナルはリンカー部リン酸化を阻害すると細胞増殖抑制シグナルに回帰する","authors":"剛 関本","doi":"10.5361/JKMU1956.60.2-4_185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5361/JKMU1956.60.2-4_185","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281939,"journal":{"name":"The journal of Kansai Medical University","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120938127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-30DOI: 10.5361/JKMU1956.58.2-4_163
Zhi-jie Qin, S. Vyas, A. Fink, Jinsong Li, H. Kihara
Substantial questions remain about the process of protein folding, including whether transient intermediates exist with significantly different secondary structure than the final fold. The src SH3 domain is a highly beta-rich structure with five betastrands. We report here a far-UV circular dichroism investigation of the refolding of His-tagged Src SH3 at subzero temperatures. We observed a transient a-helix-rich intermediate, indicating that the early stages of protein folding can involve the formation of intermediates with very different structures from the final conformation.
{"title":"Transient Alpha-helical Structure during Folding of Src SH3 Domain at Subzero Temperatures","authors":"Zhi-jie Qin, S. Vyas, A. Fink, Jinsong Li, H. Kihara","doi":"10.5361/JKMU1956.58.2-4_163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5361/JKMU1956.58.2-4_163","url":null,"abstract":"Substantial questions remain about the process of protein folding, including whether transient intermediates exist with significantly different secondary structure than the final fold. The src SH3 domain is a highly beta-rich structure with five betastrands. We report here a far-UV circular dichroism investigation of the refolding of His-tagged Src SH3 at subzero temperatures. We observed a transient a-helix-rich intermediate, indicating that the early stages of protein folding can involve the formation of intermediates with very different structures from the final conformation.","PeriodicalId":281939,"journal":{"name":"The journal of Kansai Medical University","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124676605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-12-30DOI: 10.5361/JKMU1956.58.2-4_153
K. Nakao, R. Matsuzaki, Yusaku Amaya, S. Kyuhou, H. Gemba
Recently we recorded readiness potentials for self-paced movements of various body parts in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as well as in the motor cortex. To study involvement of the PPC in muscle force control, we analyzed readiness potentials recorded by electrodes implanted in many cortical areas in two monkeys performing self-paced hand movements to lift a lever either with or without additional load. Readiness potentials in the PPC increased in amplitude as required muscle force in hand movements increased as well as in the premotor, motor and somatosensory cortices. Further, we investigated in which body part the PPC activates muscles and how easily. Electromyograms induced in muscles in various body parts after cortical stimulation in three monkeys were analyzed. Stimulation of areas 5 and 7 produced a somatotopic pattern in muscle activities, as in the motor cortex. Stimulus intensity in area 5 for inducing muscle activity was slightly higher than that in the motor cortex, while much higher stimulus intensity was required in area 7. Taken together, preparative muscle force control was found in the PPC, which could activate muscles in various body parts, similar to the motor cortex but with a higher threshold. These suggest that the PPC plays important roles in motor functions.
{"title":"Motor Functions of the Posterior Parietal Cortex in Monkeys","authors":"K. Nakao, R. Matsuzaki, Yusaku Amaya, S. Kyuhou, H. Gemba","doi":"10.5361/JKMU1956.58.2-4_153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5361/JKMU1956.58.2-4_153","url":null,"abstract":"Recently we recorded readiness potentials for self-paced movements of various body parts in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as well as in the motor cortex. To study involvement of the PPC in muscle force control, we analyzed readiness potentials recorded by electrodes implanted in many cortical areas in two monkeys performing self-paced hand movements to lift a lever either with or without additional load. Readiness potentials in the PPC increased in amplitude as required muscle force in hand movements increased as well as in the premotor, motor and somatosensory cortices. Further, we investigated in which body part the PPC activates muscles and how easily. Electromyograms induced in muscles in various body parts after cortical stimulation in three monkeys were analyzed. Stimulation of areas 5 and 7 produced a somatotopic pattern in muscle activities, as in the motor cortex. Stimulus intensity in area 5 for inducing muscle activity was slightly higher than that in the motor cortex, while much higher stimulus intensity was required in area 7. Taken together, preparative muscle force control was found in the PPC, which could activate muscles in various body parts, similar to the motor cortex but with a higher threshold. These suggest that the PPC plays important roles in motor functions.","PeriodicalId":281939,"journal":{"name":"The journal of Kansai Medical University","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114669571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-30DOI: 10.5361/JKMU1956.57.2-4_165
M. Kojima, M. Manabe, S. Kanda, K. Fukunaga, M. Nakamura, M. Tuji, Toshimasa Nishiyama
The E-CALUX assay has been established to measure the estrogenic activity of agents such as exogenous endocrine disrupting chemicals. The method utilizes human ovarian carcinoma cells, and is able to evaluate estrogenic activity as a reporter gene assay by using estrogen receptors (ERs) expressed endogenously. However, we have no information about the subtypes of ERs that ovarian carcinoma cells express. Therefore we detected the expression of both ER-a and ER0 by RTPCR, and determined the ratio of ER-a to ER0 to be 5.7:1 using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. Further, the protein expression of each ER subtype was detected using immunocytochemistry. These results suggest that estrogenic activity detected with the E-CALUX assay is mainly ER-a dominant and the additive estrogenic activity was observed when cells were stimulated with the combination of 17 0 -estradiol (E2) and pesticides (pyriproxyfen, thiabendazole (TBZ) and o-phenylphenol (OPP)), respectively.
{"title":"Additive Effects of Estrogenic Activity by the Combination of E2 and Pesticides","authors":"M. Kojima, M. Manabe, S. Kanda, K. Fukunaga, M. Nakamura, M. Tuji, Toshimasa Nishiyama","doi":"10.5361/JKMU1956.57.2-4_165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5361/JKMU1956.57.2-4_165","url":null,"abstract":"The E-CALUX assay has been established to measure the estrogenic activity of agents such as exogenous endocrine disrupting chemicals. The method utilizes human ovarian carcinoma cells, and is able to evaluate estrogenic activity as a reporter gene assay by using estrogen receptors (ERs) expressed endogenously. However, we have no information about the subtypes of ERs that ovarian carcinoma cells express. Therefore we detected the expression of both ER-a and ER0 by RTPCR, and determined the ratio of ER-a to ER0 to be 5.7:1 using semi-quantitative real-time PCR. Further, the protein expression of each ER subtype was detected using immunocytochemistry. These results suggest that estrogenic activity detected with the E-CALUX assay is mainly ER-a dominant and the additive estrogenic activity was observed when cells were stimulated with the combination of 17 0 -estradiol (E2) and pesticides (pyriproxyfen, thiabendazole (TBZ) and o-phenylphenol (OPP)), respectively.","PeriodicalId":281939,"journal":{"name":"The journal of Kansai Medical University","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114435268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-12-30DOI: 10.5361/JKMU1956.56.2-4_169
T. Kajiura, Yasuhiro Isami, K. Katsura, N. Inami, S. Kanazawa, K. Yamada, T. Kitano, Mineo Okamoto, M. Muramatsu, T. Ono, M. Omiya, Y. Tagawa, M. Takaoka, T. Fujii, H. Nakamori, N. Takahashi, M. Fujimoto, N. Tsuda
Considering that dialysis patients are often elderly, the onset risk of gastric mucosa disorder is increased in them. Therefore, the use of a selective cyclooxigenase (COX)-2 inhibitor that is expected to reduce the digestive disorders in the dialysis patients is of great significance. We investigated pharmacokinetics of meloxicam which is a selective COX-2 inhibitor approved in over 100 countries including Japan. Nine renal patients (4 males and 5 females) on hemodialysis were investigated. Single oral administration of meloxicam was conducted after supper the day before dialysis and plasma consentration was determined. The blood was taken at 1 hour, before start of dialysis. The meloxicam concentration was analysed by ultrafiltration. The mean plasma meloxicam concentration (meant-SD) at 1 hour before start of dialysis and at 1, 4 and 48 hours after the start of dialysis were 541±168 ng/ml, 532±153, 512± 161, 42± 72, respectively. The results indicated not significant changes in the plasma concentration at 1 and 4 hours after start of dialysis. Introduction Disorders in motor organs are sometimes caused in patients on long term hemodialysis due to amyloidosis derived from f32 microglobulin. As many of dialysis patients are elderly, they often complain arthritis and other diseases that occur in association with aging. As a result, these patients have to be often treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this regard, it is important to evaluate the influence of dialysis on the pharmacokinetics of an NSAID to be administered. We have investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of meloxicam in dialysis patients. Meloxicam was approved in December 2000 in Japan as an NSAID with selective COX-2 inhibition. NSAIDs demonstrate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect by inhibiting prostaglandin through its potent inhibition on COX. The presence of 2 isozymes of COX, namely COX1 and COX-2, was discovered in the beginning of 19901). COX-1 is considered to constructively occur in normal cells and is involved in the maintenance of gastric and renal functions. On the other hand, COX2 is induced by inflammatory cells and is involved in the production of prostaglandin that enhances the inflammation and pain2)3). Since conventional NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, they might cause digestive and renal disorders While they demonstrate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. However, selective COX-2 inhibitors such as meloxicam have less influence on COX-1 that is related to gastric and renal functions while it strongly inhibits COX-2 that is involved in inflammation. Accordingly, these drugs are expected to demonstrate strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect while their influence on the stomach and kidney is negligible. Considering that dialysis patients are often elderly, the onset risk of gastric mucosa disorder is increased in them. Therefore, the use of a selective COX-2 inhibitor that is expected to reduce the digestive disorders i
{"title":"Investigation on Pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in Dialysis Patients","authors":"T. Kajiura, Yasuhiro Isami, K. Katsura, N. Inami, S. Kanazawa, K. Yamada, T. Kitano, Mineo Okamoto, M. Muramatsu, T. Ono, M. Omiya, Y. Tagawa, M. Takaoka, T. Fujii, H. Nakamori, N. Takahashi, M. Fujimoto, N. Tsuda","doi":"10.5361/JKMU1956.56.2-4_169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5361/JKMU1956.56.2-4_169","url":null,"abstract":"Considering that dialysis patients are often elderly, the onset risk of gastric mucosa disorder is increased in them. Therefore, the use of a selective cyclooxigenase (COX)-2 inhibitor that is expected to reduce the digestive disorders in the dialysis patients is of great significance. We investigated pharmacokinetics of meloxicam which is a selective COX-2 inhibitor approved in over 100 countries including Japan. Nine renal patients (4 males and 5 females) on hemodialysis were investigated. Single oral administration of meloxicam was conducted after supper the day before dialysis and plasma consentration was determined. The blood was taken at 1 hour, before start of dialysis. The meloxicam concentration was analysed by ultrafiltration. The mean plasma meloxicam concentration (meant-SD) at 1 hour before start of dialysis and at 1, 4 and 48 hours after the start of dialysis were 541±168 ng/ml, 532±153, 512± 161, 42± 72, respectively. The results indicated not significant changes in the plasma concentration at 1 and 4 hours after start of dialysis. Introduction Disorders in motor organs are sometimes caused in patients on long term hemodialysis due to amyloidosis derived from f32 microglobulin. As many of dialysis patients are elderly, they often complain arthritis and other diseases that occur in association with aging. As a result, these patients have to be often treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In this regard, it is important to evaluate the influence of dialysis on the pharmacokinetics of an NSAID to be administered. We have investigated the pharmacokinetic profile of meloxicam in dialysis patients. Meloxicam was approved in December 2000 in Japan as an NSAID with selective COX-2 inhibition. NSAIDs demonstrate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect by inhibiting prostaglandin through its potent inhibition on COX. The presence of 2 isozymes of COX, namely COX1 and COX-2, was discovered in the beginning of 19901). COX-1 is considered to constructively occur in normal cells and is involved in the maintenance of gastric and renal functions. On the other hand, COX2 is induced by inflammatory cells and is involved in the production of prostaglandin that enhances the inflammation and pain2)3). Since conventional NSAIDs inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, they might cause digestive and renal disorders While they demonstrate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. However, selective COX-2 inhibitors such as meloxicam have less influence on COX-1 that is related to gastric and renal functions while it strongly inhibits COX-2 that is involved in inflammation. Accordingly, these drugs are expected to demonstrate strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect while their influence on the stomach and kidney is negligible. Considering that dialysis patients are often elderly, the onset risk of gastric mucosa disorder is increased in them. Therefore, the use of a selective COX-2 inhibitor that is expected to reduce the digestive disorders i","PeriodicalId":281939,"journal":{"name":"The journal of Kansai Medical University","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117318127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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