Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673356
Liam Irish, Ken Christensen
This new era in engineering calls for a greater understanding of the environmental impacts of modern technology. In the year 2000 it is estimated that personal computers in the USA alone will consume 21.9 TWh of electricity. Most of this electricity will be wasted due to the PCs remaining powered-on, but idle, most of the time. The PCs are often left powered-on so that network connectivity can be maintained even when the PC is not actively used. This paper describes how PCs can be powered-off and network connectivity still be maintained. The design and evaluation of a new connection sleep option in a "Green TCP/IP" is described. The long-term impacts of a Green TCP/IP can be very significant in terms of measured electricity savings.
{"title":"A \"Green TCP/IP\" to reduce electricity consumed by computers","authors":"Liam Irish, Ken Christensen","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673356","url":null,"abstract":"This new era in engineering calls for a greater understanding of the environmental impacts of modern technology. In the year 2000 it is estimated that personal computers in the USA alone will consume 21.9 TWh of electricity. Most of this electricity will be wasted due to the PCs remaining powered-on, but idle, most of the time. The PCs are often left powered-on so that network connectivity can be maintained even when the PC is not actively used. This paper describes how PCs can be powered-off and network connectivity still be maintained. The design and evaluation of a new connection sleep option in a \"Green TCP/IP\" is described. The long-term impacts of a Green TCP/IP can be very significant in terms of measured electricity savings.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130161168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673335
L. Khadra, M. Abdallah, H. Nashash
One of the most important task which can be implemented by an automatic monitor of cardiac arrhythmias is the reliable detection of those arrhythmias which represent a serious threat to the patient. Among these, ventricular arrhythmias occupy a primary place, and in particular ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) because of the haemodynamic deterioration which they produce. Consequently, interest has arisen in the development of algorithms which could be transferred easily to a microprocessor system. We use the backpropagation training (BP) algorithm on wavelet transformed results to classify the three mentioned arrhythmias. The BP algorithm perform the gradient descent search to reduce the mean square error between the actual output of the network and the desired output through the adjustments of weights. The results show significant improvements in the sensitivity (95%) and specificity (92%) over previous studies.
{"title":"Neural wavelet analysis of life threatening ventricular arrhythmias","authors":"L. Khadra, M. Abdallah, H. Nashash","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673335","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important task which can be implemented by an automatic monitor of cardiac arrhythmias is the reliable detection of those arrhythmias which represent a serious threat to the patient. Among these, ventricular arrhythmias occupy a primary place, and in particular ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) because of the haemodynamic deterioration which they produce. Consequently, interest has arisen in the development of algorithms which could be transferred easily to a microprocessor system. We use the backpropagation training (BP) algorithm on wavelet transformed results to classify the three mentioned arrhythmias. The BP algorithm perform the gradient descent search to reduce the mean square error between the actual output of the network and the desired output through the adjustments of weights. The results show significant improvements in the sensitivity (95%) and specificity (92%) over previous studies.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"16 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133288311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673357
G. Chiruvolu, R. Sankar, N. Ranganathan
The efficient transportation of real-time variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic in the high-speed networks has been an area of active research. The VBR, video traffic characteristics having heavy tail distribution, high variance and correlation properties are quite complex to be captured by a single traffic model. These characteristics of VBR video (MPEG) traces are further examined. While many methods have been proposed in the literature focusing on various aspects of the VBR video traffic characteristics and their impact on the traffic management, a wider perspective of various issues involved in the efficient transportation of VBR video traffic with high utilization of network resources is imperative. This paper reviews proposed traffic management methods from the literature, summarizes the relevant issues, and proposes an integrated framework addressing those issues. The functionalities of various entities of the integrated framework and future research directions are outlined.
{"title":"Issues and approaches towards VBR video traffic management in ATM networks","authors":"G. Chiruvolu, R. Sankar, N. Ranganathan","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673357","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient transportation of real-time variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic in the high-speed networks has been an area of active research. The VBR, video traffic characteristics having heavy tail distribution, high variance and correlation properties are quite complex to be captured by a single traffic model. These characteristics of VBR video (MPEG) traces are further examined. While many methods have been proposed in the literature focusing on various aspects of the VBR video traffic characteristics and their impact on the traffic management, a wider perspective of various issues involved in the efficient transportation of VBR video traffic with high utilization of network resources is imperative. This paper reviews proposed traffic management methods from the literature, summarizes the relevant issues, and proposes an integrated framework addressing those issues. The functionalities of various entities of the integrated framework and future research directions are outlined.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133639292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673324
M. Zagirnyak, M.V. Etschinsky, P.I. Marhalchuk
Powdered materials with rigorously fixed Curie point on the basis of nickel with copper and iron additions have been investigated. A new manufacturing technology of temperature sensitive elements of the type of "glass" made of these materials has been developed and tested.
{"title":"Soft magnetic materials with fixed transition point","authors":"M. Zagirnyak, M.V. Etschinsky, P.I. Marhalchuk","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673324","url":null,"abstract":"Powdered materials with rigorously fixed Curie point on the basis of nickel with copper and iron additions have been investigated. A new manufacturing technology of temperature sensitive elements of the type of \"glass\" made of these materials has been developed and tested.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133477600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673367
L. Snyman, A. Biber, H. Aharoni, M. do Plessis, B. Patterson, P. Seitz
Multi-junction silicon light emitting devices (Si LED's) were designed and realised by using standard 1.2 micron and 2 micron CMOS processes with a bipolar capability and with no modifications to the processes. The designs were optimised to increase the power conversion efficiency, quantum conversion efficiency, intensity of emission and also the uniformity of emission. The devices emit light of several nW per 5 to 10 mA at 4-30 V in the 450 to 850 nm wavelength range. All the devices operated with at least one pn junction in the field emission or avalanche breakdown mode. Quantum conversion efficiencies of up to 1.5/spl times/10/sup -8/ have been measured which is two and a half orders to three orders of magnitude higher than previously published values for light emission from Si p-n avalanching junctions. Some directional light emission characteristics were also observed. The developed devices are viable for on-chip electro-optical applications and also for high speed chip-to-environment electro-optical applications.
{"title":"Practical Si LED's with standard CMOS technology","authors":"L. Snyman, A. Biber, H. Aharoni, M. do Plessis, B. Patterson, P. Seitz","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673367","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-junction silicon light emitting devices (Si LED's) were designed and realised by using standard 1.2 micron and 2 micron CMOS processes with a bipolar capability and with no modifications to the processes. The designs were optimised to increase the power conversion efficiency, quantum conversion efficiency, intensity of emission and also the uniformity of emission. The devices emit light of several nW per 5 to 10 mA at 4-30 V in the 450 to 850 nm wavelength range. All the devices operated with at least one pn junction in the field emission or avalanche breakdown mode. Quantum conversion efficiencies of up to 1.5/spl times/10/sup -8/ have been measured which is two and a half orders to three orders of magnitude higher than previously published values for light emission from Si p-n avalanching junctions. Some directional light emission characteristics were also observed. The developed devices are viable for on-chip electro-optical applications and also for high speed chip-to-environment electro-optical applications.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123236681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673377
S. Wunnava, V. L. Patil
In the VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integrated Circuits) era, a structured design process is required. An ideal design process can exist only if a language exists to describe hardware at various levels so that the managers, users, designers, testers, simulators, and machines can understand it. The IEEE standard VHDL hardware description language is such a language. Languages such as CDL (Computer Design Language), ISPS (Instruction Set Processor Specification), AHPL (A Hardware Programming Language), and IDL (Interactive Design Language) have been used in the past. Early in the VHSIC program it was found that none of the existing hardware description languages could be used as a standard tool for the design, manufacturing, and documentation of digital circuits to complete systems. VHDL was defined because a need existed for an integrated design and documentation language to communicate design data between various levels of abstraction. In this article, the authors describe the usefulness and impact of VHDL on the digital system designs and present some practical case studies.
{"title":"VHDL: software based hardware designs","authors":"S. Wunnava, V. L. Patil","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673377","url":null,"abstract":"In the VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integrated Circuits) era, a structured design process is required. An ideal design process can exist only if a language exists to describe hardware at various levels so that the managers, users, designers, testers, simulators, and machines can understand it. The IEEE standard VHDL hardware description language is such a language. Languages such as CDL (Computer Design Language), ISPS (Instruction Set Processor Specification), AHPL (A Hardware Programming Language), and IDL (Interactive Design Language) have been used in the past. Early in the VHSIC program it was found that none of the existing hardware description languages could be used as a standard tool for the design, manufacturing, and documentation of digital circuits to complete systems. VHDL was defined because a need existed for an integrated design and documentation language to communicate design data between various levels of abstraction. In this article, the authors describe the usefulness and impact of VHDL on the digital system designs and present some practical case studies.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124029330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673347
S. F. Shams, K. Sundaram, L. Chow
Vertical power DMOSFET has been simulated using the device simulator ISE-TCAD. The most recent parameters for 6H and 4H SiC crystals are used for this simulation. Vertical DMOSFET with different channel lengths operating at two different temperatures has been examined.
{"title":"High temperature simulation of 6H- and 4H-silicon carbide MOSFETs","authors":"S. F. Shams, K. Sundaram, L. Chow","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673347","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical power DMOSFET has been simulated using the device simulator ISE-TCAD. The most recent parameters for 6H and 4H SiC crystals are used for this simulation. Vertical DMOSFET with different channel lengths operating at two different temperatures has been examined.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123018284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673327
J. Ashley, J.F. Heneage
For pt.I see Southeastcon '98, p.194-7 (1998). A need exists for a rigorous definition of the kinds of fringing fields found near power lines and appliances such as computer monitors and television receivers. Part I paper gave abstract but rigorous definitions for AC magnetic fields, AC electric fields, and true, radiated, electromagnetic fields. The theoretical reasons for the negligible radiated electromagnetic field near audio frequency devices are given. To give an alternative to using the acronyms ELF and VLF, the use of "audio frequency" and "supersonic frequency" is proposed. Reasons are given to avoid the jargon use of "electromagnetic fields" and "extremely low frequency fields." The theoretical physics approach to power line safety problems is based on the mathematical theory of boundary values on partial differential equations. The theory for correctly evaluating the power line fringing magnetic fields is sketched.
{"title":"The theory of audio frequency magnetic or electric fields. II. Applications and errors","authors":"J. Ashley, J.F. Heneage","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673327","url":null,"abstract":"For pt.I see Southeastcon '98, p.194-7 (1998). A need exists for a rigorous definition of the kinds of fringing fields found near power lines and appliances such as computer monitors and television receivers. Part I paper gave abstract but rigorous definitions for AC magnetic fields, AC electric fields, and true, radiated, electromagnetic fields. The theoretical reasons for the negligible radiated electromagnetic field near audio frequency devices are given. To give an alternative to using the acronyms ELF and VLF, the use of \"audio frequency\" and \"supersonic frequency\" is proposed. Reasons are given to avoid the jargon use of \"electromagnetic fields\" and \"extremely low frequency fields.\" The theoretical physics approach to power line safety problems is based on the mathematical theory of boundary values on partial differential equations. The theory for correctly evaluating the power line fringing magnetic fields is sketched.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130794855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673293
I. Shahin, N. Botros
We present an algorithm for an isolated-word text-dependent speaker identification under normal and four stressful styles. The styles are: shout, slow, loud, and soft which are designed to simulate speech produced under real stressful conditions. The algorithm is based on dynamic time warping (DTW) with a cepstral stress compensation technique. Comparing DTW combined with cepstral stress compensation, with DTW without cepstral stress compensation, the recognition rate has improved to some extent with a little increase in the computations. The recognition rate is improved: from 33% to 67% in shout style, from 51% to 84% in slow style, from 40% to 80% in loud style, and from 52% to 70% in soft style. The cepstral coefficients and transitional coefficients are combined to form an observation vector for dynamic time warping. This algorithm is tested on a limited number of speakers due to our limited data base.
{"title":"Speaker identification using dynamic time warping with stress compensation technique","authors":"I. Shahin, N. Botros","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673293","url":null,"abstract":"We present an algorithm for an isolated-word text-dependent speaker identification under normal and four stressful styles. The styles are: shout, slow, loud, and soft which are designed to simulate speech produced under real stressful conditions. The algorithm is based on dynamic time warping (DTW) with a cepstral stress compensation technique. Comparing DTW combined with cepstral stress compensation, with DTW without cepstral stress compensation, the recognition rate has improved to some extent with a little increase in the computations. The recognition rate is improved: from 33% to 67% in shout style, from 51% to 84% in slow style, from 40% to 80% in loud style, and from 52% to 70% in soft style. The cepstral coefficients and transitional coefficients are combined to form an observation vector for dynamic time warping. This algorithm is tested on a limited number of speakers due to our limited data base.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131080136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673299
R. Hestand, C. Christodoulou
A compact CPW-fed aperture coupled patch antenna is modeled using the moment method code, IE3D. It is shown that improvements can be made be optimizing various parameters of the antenna, such as patch diameter, CPW slot width, etc. The improvements are an increase in the bandwidth of the antenna, in the return loss across the band, as well as in the design which yield a more practical antenna in terms of construction (i.e. typical manufacturing tolerances do not significantly effect the performance of the antenna). It is also shown that a CPW fed aperture coupled patch antenna can be made with a ground plane which will actually improve the performance of the antenna after careful consideration of the height above the ground plane and dielectric used.
{"title":"Optimizing a coplanar waveguide-fed aperture coupled patch antenna for ease of manufacturing and elimination of back radiation problems","authors":"R. Hestand, C. Christodoulou","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673299","url":null,"abstract":"A compact CPW-fed aperture coupled patch antenna is modeled using the moment method code, IE3D. It is shown that improvements can be made be optimizing various parameters of the antenna, such as patch diameter, CPW slot width, etc. The improvements are an increase in the bandwidth of the antenna, in the return loss across the band, as well as in the design which yield a more practical antenna in terms of construction (i.e. typical manufacturing tolerances do not significantly effect the performance of the antenna). It is also shown that a CPW fed aperture coupled patch antenna can be made with a ground plane which will actually improve the performance of the antenna after careful consideration of the height above the ground plane and dielectric used.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131743090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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