Lack of safety on roads has become a major issue in the world due to over population as well as increasing number of vehicles. This has led to many fatal incidents. Many factors affect accidents on roads and among them, ‘driving behavior’ plays a crucial role. Road landscapes create the character and the spatial quality of the spaces the drivers move through. The rate of information gathered from the surrounding is vital for safety of driving while the accuracy of this information depends on the visual perception of the drivers. ‘Southern Expressway’, introduced recently, allowed people to move quickly from Colombo to Southern destinations of Sri Lanka. Many accidents have taken place in this highway. It can be hypothesized that the spatial qualities of the road landscape might have contributed to the accidents. The study focused on identifying the spatial characteristics of Southern Highway. Data was collected by two means; the recorded accident data from Southern highway and a live recording of the driving experience. Analysis was based on accidents recorded and “black-spots” identified. Live recordings of the expressway was analyzed to understand the spatial characteristics in the identified ‘black-spots’. In conclusion, the study reveals that there is a direct influence from the spatial characteristics of black-spots on road accidents.
{"title":"Impact of Roadside Landscape to Driving Behaviour; Lessons from Southern Highway, Sri Lanka","authors":"S. R. Dharmasena, S. Edirisooriya","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V3I1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V3I1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of safety on roads has become a major issue in the world due to over population as well as increasing number of vehicles. This has led to many fatal incidents. Many factors affect accidents on roads and among them, ‘driving behavior’ plays a crucial role. Road landscapes create the character and the spatial quality of the spaces the drivers move through. The rate of information gathered from the surrounding is vital for safety of driving while the accuracy of this information depends on the visual perception of the drivers. ‘Southern Expressway’, introduced recently, allowed people to move quickly from Colombo to Southern destinations of Sri Lanka. Many accidents have taken place in this highway. It can be hypothesized that the spatial qualities of the road landscape might have contributed to the accidents. The study focused on identifying the spatial characteristics of Southern Highway. Data was collected by two means; the recorded accident data from Southern highway and a live recording of the driving experience. Analysis was based on accidents recorded and “black-spots” identified. Live recordings of the expressway was analyzed to understand the spatial characteristics in the identified ‘black-spots’. In conclusion, the study reveals that there is a direct influence from the spatial characteristics of black-spots on road accidents.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130970224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Jayaweera, S. Rodrigo, Jeyanthi Nadaraja, U. Rajapaksha, C. Jayasinghe
Green spaces in cities have a positive impact on the health of the urban population. They decrease urban heat Island effects. Hence, green and open space should not be considered a luxury but an integral part of urban planning. However, the green spaces in Colombo city, Sri Lanka are declining at a rapid rate. Therefore this study investigates the reasons behind the decline of green space and high density housing developments in Colombo. Considered as a “green space” if the land cover has vegetation, the study found that 90% of small condominium developments (number of units ranging from 15 to 65) and 50% of large condominium developments (over 65 units) had less than 1% of green space on site. The reason for lack of green space was found to be high plot coverage, high FAR, small site extent and the absence of landscape, communal space and green buffer requirements in the current planning and building regulations for condominium developments.
{"title":"Green space: A Luxury or a Necessity? Green Spaces in Condominium Sites in Sri Lanka","authors":"N. Jayaweera, S. Rodrigo, Jeyanthi Nadaraja, U. Rajapaksha, C. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V3I1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V3I1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Green spaces in cities have a positive impact on the health of the urban population. They decrease urban heat Island effects. Hence, green and open space should not be considered a luxury but an integral part of urban planning. However, the green spaces in Colombo city, Sri Lanka are declining at a rapid rate. Therefore this study investigates the reasons behind the decline of green space and high density housing developments in Colombo. Considered as a “green space” if the land cover has vegetation, the study found that 90% of small condominium developments (number of units ranging from 15 to 65) and 50% of large condominium developments (over 65 units) had less than 1% of green space on site. The reason for lack of green space was found to be high plot coverage, high FAR, small site extent and the absence of landscape, communal space and green buffer requirements in the current planning and building regulations for condominium developments.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129745065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fast pace of urbanisation and population growth is an imminent global challenge. The World Urbanisation Prospects of the United Nations suggest that more than 75% of the global population will concentrate in cities by the year 2050. The pressure of this population rise on our cities and the natural systems are bound to increase in the near future. Floods, cyclones, earthquakes, wildfires and heat waves made the year 2015 a devastating one for millions around the world, with 150 major natural disasters being recorded. Asia bore the brunt of these disasters with massive earthquakes in Nepal, floods in Chennai, heat waves hitting South India and Typhoon Komen inundating the Indian subcontinent, to cite a few examples. The changes in climate and the failures of physical systems make our cities vulnerable to disasters of various kinds leading to physical collapse of the city. This paper deals with the concept of disaster resilience in this context and how this can be applied at the city, neighbourhood as well as the individual level. The intent of the paper is to develop a framework of strategies for an emergency response programme, taking the case of the Indian city of Chennai. The initial approach surveys in detail the way the city functions with respect to the natural systems and looks into the city’s growth through the ages. The paper proposes an initial theory around the creation of an ideal emergency response model consisting of physical and technological networks that will come into play once a risk situation arises within a city. This model was first produced at a generic level where it can be applied on to any city of any context. The paper articulates the model in the city of Chennai considering its intricate labyrinth and functions.
{"title":"Resilient Cities for the Future :A case of Chennai","authors":"P. Greeshma, K. Kumar","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V3I1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V3I1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Fast pace of urbanisation and population growth is an imminent global challenge. The World Urbanisation Prospects of the United Nations suggest that more than 75% of the global population will concentrate in cities by the year 2050. The pressure of this population rise on our cities and the natural systems are bound to increase in the near future. Floods, cyclones, earthquakes, wildfires and heat waves made the year 2015 a devastating one for millions around the world, with 150 major natural disasters being recorded. Asia bore the brunt of these disasters with massive earthquakes in Nepal, floods in Chennai, heat waves hitting South India and Typhoon Komen inundating the Indian subcontinent, to cite a few examples. The changes in climate and the failures of physical systems make our cities vulnerable to disasters of various kinds leading to physical collapse of the city. This paper deals with the concept of disaster resilience in this context and how this can be applied at the city, neighbourhood as well as the individual level. The intent of the paper is to develop a framework of strategies for an emergency response programme, taking the case of the Indian city of Chennai. The initial approach surveys in detail the way the city functions with respect to the natural systems and looks into the city’s growth through the ages. The paper proposes an initial theory around the creation of an ideal emergency response model consisting of physical and technological networks that will come into play once a risk situation arises within a city. This model was first produced at a generic level where it can be applied on to any city of any context. The paper articulates the model in the city of Chennai considering its intricate labyrinth and functions.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128383449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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