Kavisha Charukshi de Silva, Ajitha Ilangaratne, Jeewanthi Senadheera
Urban public spaces form an integral part of city life and its built environment, facilitating space for formal and informal social gatherings, relaxation and entertainment. In this digital era, the traditional use of public space as a place of social gathering has been gradually modified due to the development of portable Information & Communication Technology (ICT) devices. Its ability to retain constant connection via digital media has resulted in the creation of virtual public spaces. On the other hand, the outbreak of Covid 19 pandemic has changed the initial use of urban public spaces due to physical distancing and other strict guidelines, and has compromised many public interactions we were accustomed to. This study aims to explore the shift in social behaviour and formation of private realms due to the usage of portable ICT devices in public spaces and the physical elements which facilitate these shifts. Further it aims to understand design considerations that could be used to facilitate social distancing practices. In exploring the research question, an ethnographical method has been adopted. The chosen urban public spaces were studied through observational survey, activity mapping, photographic survey, and field interviews. The findings show a distinctive intervention of these devices with social behaviour in public spaces. It shows the importance of addressing the urban public space in terms of these marked shifts based on its typology and functional characteristics. Further, some of the above findings throw light on the future prospects of urban public spaces which are currently in limbo due to social distancing practices. This paper suggests that ICT devices can become a useful tool in maintaining an active public interaction and social inclusion in countering the adversities on society brought upon by drastic preventive regulatory actions in the face of an unprecedented event as experienced presently.
{"title":"Using ICT Devices in the Urban Public Spaces of Colombo: Virtual Socializing and Social Distancing During the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Kavisha Charukshi de Silva, Ajitha Ilangaratne, Jeewanthi Senadheera","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V4I2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V4I2.47","url":null,"abstract":"Urban public spaces form an integral part of city life and its built environment, facilitating space for formal and informal social gatherings, relaxation and entertainment. In this digital era, the traditional use of public space as a place of social gathering has been gradually modified due to the development of portable Information & Communication Technology (ICT) devices. Its ability to retain constant connection via digital media has resulted in the creation of virtual public spaces. On the other hand, the outbreak of Covid 19 pandemic has changed the initial use of urban public spaces due to physical distancing and other strict guidelines, and has compromised many public interactions we were accustomed to. This study aims to explore the shift in social behaviour and formation of private realms due to the usage of portable ICT devices in public spaces and the physical elements which facilitate these shifts. Further it aims to understand design considerations that could be used to facilitate social distancing practices. In exploring the research question, an ethnographical method has been adopted. The chosen urban public spaces were studied through observational survey, activity mapping, photographic survey, and field interviews. The findings show a distinctive intervention of these devices with social behaviour in public spaces. It shows the importance of addressing the urban public space in terms of these marked shifts based on its typology and functional characteristics. Further, some of the above findings throw light on the future prospects of urban public spaces which are currently in limbo due to social distancing practices. This paper suggests that ICT devices can become a useful tool in maintaining an active public interaction and social inclusion in countering the adversities on society brought upon by drastic preventive regulatory actions in the face of an unprecedented event as experienced presently.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129671910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. I. Padmaperuma, Ubesingha A. Buddhinie, Jeewanthi Senadeera
Entry Threshold Spaces of public buildings serve as transitional spaces from the outer world to the inner space. Therefore, they play a vital role in making buildings well perceived by people. Poorly designed entry threshold spaces of buildings often misguide the public. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore how to design Entry Threshold Spaces of public buildings in an architecturally responsive manner that can be perceived well by the people. The literature survey carried out identified five physical attributes of responsive architecture and components of each physical attribute. Mixed mode research approach was employed to explore the architectural responsiveness and to identify the people’s perception of Entry Threshold Spaces of three selected cases. Data was collected via interviews, document reviews, and observations and through a questionnaire; and were analyzed within case and cross case wise. The paper reveals that height-width ratio and human scale of Entry Threshold Spaces contribute least to people’s perception of public buildings. Facade details, materials used, signs, symbols, etc. that contribute to the richness of the experience are well perceived by the people. Further, this paper finds that the Entry Threshold Spaces of public buildings are well perceived by the people despite their poor responsiveness to physical attributes of Architecture.
{"title":"Architectural Responsiveness of Entry Threshold Spaces of Public Buildings: Physical Attributes and People’s Perceptions","authors":"D. I. Padmaperuma, Ubesingha A. Buddhinie, Jeewanthi Senadeera","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V4I2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V4I2.49","url":null,"abstract":"Entry Threshold Spaces of public buildings serve as transitional spaces from the outer world to the inner space. Therefore, they play a vital role in making buildings well perceived by people. Poorly designed entry threshold spaces of buildings often misguide the public. Therefore, this paper aimed to explore how to design Entry Threshold Spaces of public buildings in an architecturally responsive manner that can be perceived well by the people. The literature survey carried out identified five physical attributes of responsive architecture and components of each physical attribute. Mixed mode research approach was employed to explore the architectural responsiveness and to identify the people’s perception of Entry Threshold Spaces of three selected cases. Data was collected via interviews, document reviews, and observations and through a questionnaire; and were analyzed within case and cross case wise. The paper reveals that height-width ratio and human scale of Entry Threshold Spaces contribute least to people’s perception of public buildings. Facade details, materials used, signs, symbols, etc. that contribute to the richness of the experience are well perceived by the people. Further, this paper finds that the Entry Threshold Spaces of public buildings are well perceived by the people despite their poor responsiveness to physical attributes of Architecture.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117129432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akila Ranasinghe, Narmada Wijekoon, J. Wijesundara
Each year, over 1,000 pedestrians on Sri Lankan streets and more than 270,000 on world’s streets lose their lives and some are left with permanent disabilities. Compared to other road traffic fatalities and injuries, pedestrian accidents are seen as significantly high. Therefore, the pedestrian safety is a major issue on streets, and it has to be addressed in a serious manner. Safety being a basic need of every human being, it is essential that the built environment facilitates the safety needs. In here, Architecture and Urban Design would play a vital role in ensuring both physical as well as psychological safety of users. Cities, being the containers of large populations, naturally involve with the gathering of large numbers of people on streets, hence it is crucial to guarantee the safety of the pedestrians in cities. This paper explores the links between perception of safety and physical attributes of pedestrian spaces. It identifies the legitimate physical attribute combinations that help to ensure the safety within pedestrian space with the aim of mitigating and preventing the pedestrian accidents. This reviews the significant theories related to the field of architecture and urban design and the key attributes such as built form, planning and layout, ambience and functions used to facilitate the safety. The study engages with examining of variables of perceived safety and physical attributes of pedestrian areas, by appropriately using qualitative and quantitative research methods and, studying the city of Kandy as a case. The study concludes that the perception of safety of a pedestrian depends not merely on the physical aspects of pedestrian space, but also on the positive combinations of physical and psychological attributes.
{"title":"Towards Safe Streets: The relationships between Physical Attributes of Streets and Perceptions of Pedestrian Safety in Kandy, Sri Lanka","authors":"Akila Ranasinghe, Narmada Wijekoon, J. Wijesundara","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V4I2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V4I2.48","url":null,"abstract":"Each year, over 1,000 pedestrians on Sri Lankan streets and more than 270,000 on world’s streets lose their lives and some are left with permanent disabilities. Compared to other road traffic fatalities and injuries, pedestrian accidents are seen as significantly high. Therefore, the pedestrian safety is a major issue on streets, and it has to be addressed in a serious manner. Safety being a basic need of every human being, it is essential that the built environment facilitates the safety needs. In here, Architecture and Urban Design would play a vital role in ensuring both physical as well as psychological safety of users. Cities, being the containers of large populations, naturally involve with the gathering of large numbers of people on streets, hence it is crucial to guarantee the safety of the pedestrians in cities. This paper explores the links between perception of safety and physical attributes of pedestrian spaces. It identifies the legitimate physical attribute combinations that help to ensure the safety within pedestrian space with the aim of mitigating and preventing the pedestrian accidents. This reviews the significant theories related to the field of architecture and urban design and the key attributes such as built form, planning and layout, ambience and functions used to facilitate the safety. The study engages with examining of variables of perceived safety and physical attributes of pedestrian areas, by appropriately using qualitative and quantitative research methods and, studying the city of Kandy as a case. The study concludes that the perception of safety of a pedestrian depends not merely on the physical aspects of pedestrian space, but also on the positive combinations of physical and psychological attributes.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133923081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought the world to a standstill, affecting every aspect of human life. The impact can be felt more vehemently in cities, where economic activities have slowed down and people are forced to be confined within the four walls of their homes because of prolonged lockdown. The urban open spaces are naturally being underused as they are perceived to be potential hotspots for the outbreak, while the need for open spaces within the houses and the buildings are immensely felt. To cope with this need, people seem to be using the available open spaces within their houses and their buildings like verandahs, roofs, parking spaces etc. In a highly dense and heavily built up city like Dhaka, where open spaces in both house and community scale is already scarce, it is imperative to see how people are fulfilling their needs for open spaces during this pandemic. Dhaka having both planned and organically grown residential neighbourhoods, provides a chance to study whether these two are coping with the pandemic situation similarly or differently. The objective of this paper is to explore the use and the modification of open spaces within the housing units and the buildings during the pandemic. This paper focuses on how the need for the use of open spaces has changed and how people are fulfilling their spacebased interactions. To develop a comprehensive understanding, this paper focuses on both formal and organically grown neighbourhoods of Dhaka city. Due to the potential risk inherent in physical survey, primary data was collected through online questionnaires and semi structured interviews.
{"title":"Adaptations to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Open Spaces in Residential Neighbourhoods of Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"A. Rahman, Zareen Habiba Islam","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V4I2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V4I2.46","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought the world to a standstill, affecting every aspect of human life. The impact can be felt more vehemently in cities, where economic activities have slowed down and people are forced to be confined within the four walls of their homes because of prolonged lockdown. The urban open spaces are naturally being underused as they are perceived to be potential hotspots for the outbreak, while the need for open spaces within the houses and the buildings are immensely felt. To cope with this need, people seem to be using the available open spaces within their houses and their buildings like verandahs, roofs, parking spaces etc. In a highly dense and heavily built up city like Dhaka, where open spaces in both house and community scale is already scarce, it is imperative to see how people are fulfilling their needs for open spaces during this pandemic. Dhaka having both planned and organically grown residential neighbourhoods, provides a chance to study whether these two are coping with the pandemic situation similarly or differently. The objective of this paper is to explore the use and the modification of open spaces within the housing units and the buildings during the pandemic. This paper focuses on how the need for the use of open spaces has changed and how people are fulfilling their spacebased interactions. To develop a comprehensive understanding, this paper focuses on both formal and organically grown neighbourhoods of Dhaka city. Due to the potential risk inherent in physical survey, primary data was collected through online questionnaires and semi structured interviews.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129160013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extensive use of cleaning chemicals and disinfectants in the healthcare industry in recent years has raised concerns over the effectiveness of conventional cleaning in creating safe and healthy environments. Green cleaning was introduced in the 1980s as a substitute for conventional cleaning. Green cleaning denotes methods and products of cleaning, which incorporate environmentally friendly ingredients that preserve human health and environmental quality. Even though there is a rapid adoption of green cleaning in many countries, Sri Lanka seems to fall behind in shifting to green cleaning. This research focuses on investigating the factors that either support or obstruct green cleaning in Sri Lanka. A qualitative research involving interviews of experts were conducted among cleaning related managerial personals and the data was analyzed through content analysis. The paper concludes that the most notable support factors were proper awareness, training and education, top management commitment and availability of green cleaning legislation and guidelines. The barriers were lack of awareness of the stakeholders, lack of top management commitment, lack of technical advancement in the country and lack of government support.
{"title":"Green Cleaning for the Sri Lankan Healthcare Sector: Critical Support Factors and Barriers","authors":"A. K. N. E. Rathnasiri, Poornima Shridharran","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v4i1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v4i1.41","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive use of cleaning chemicals and disinfectants in the healthcare industry in recent years has raised concerns over the effectiveness of conventional cleaning in creating safe and healthy environments. Green cleaning was introduced in the 1980s as a substitute for conventional cleaning. Green cleaning denotes methods and products of cleaning, which incorporate environmentally friendly ingredients that preserve human health and environmental quality. Even though there is a rapid adoption of green cleaning in many countries, Sri Lanka seems to fall behind in shifting to green cleaning. This research focuses on investigating the factors that either support or obstruct green cleaning in Sri Lanka. A qualitative research involving interviews of experts were conducted among cleaning related managerial personals and the data was analyzed through content analysis. The paper concludes that the most notable support factors were proper awareness, training and education, top management commitment and availability of green cleaning legislation and guidelines. The barriers were lack of awareness of the stakeholders, lack of top management commitment, lack of technical advancement in the country and lack of government support.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116194231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid urbanization in the developing world has brought about insurmountable challenges to the inner historic quarters. With the population increase and improved economies, the middle class and the rich abandon the old quarters in preference for the wealthy suburbs while the poor find abandoned city core affordable. Historic inner cities thus become ghettos with their traditional owners fleeing the old buildings or actively destroying its very fabric by abandoning them to decay. Old quarters provide the historical memories of the cities, their cultural base and a layer of the city identity. Their urban contexts are generally rich with a strong sense of place both the citizens and the countrymen cherish and would want to retain. Allowed to decay, such cities will lose a significant part of their identity. Thus, they must make concrete efforts to protect the historical urban contexts and revitalize the old quarters to ensure that their streets and spaces remain alive. This indeed requires their economic base rejuvenated and links to the surrounding modern cities reinforced. More than just restorations of few buildings, this is a herculean task of urban revitalization. To transform these urban quarters, it is necessary to create a powerful upward spiral of investments and rising incomes among their inhabitants as well as social engineering leading to social cohesion to restore the inherent vitality and unique charm of these city centres, by strategic interventions. If an integrated approach is taken, these regions can be made to flourish naturally. This paper examines one such historic city center in the Arab region; Sana‘a in Yemen, which has faced the dire consequences of urbanization. Although different geographical contexts may have their own issues, there are universal lessons to be learned from an in-depth study of the walled city of Sana'a as a typical Arab city. The study employs a case study approach, and through physical observations and documentary evidence, it constructs an integrated framework that considers the physical characters, socio-cultural realities, planning and development controls and economic processes. The paper divulges the inherent obstacles that prevail in Sana‘a and offers ways and means of overcoming these to transform them in particular and Arab cities in general. If done well, they may thrive as urban hubs they used to be, sustaining their populations and re-utilizing an enormous wealth of buildings, spaces, and systems that would otherwise perish under the pressure of urbanization.
{"title":"Revitalizing Historic City Centers through an Integrated Approach: Arab City of Sanaa in Yemen","authors":"A. A. F. Al-Warafi","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v4i1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v4i1.43","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid urbanization in the developing world has brought about insurmountable challenges to the inner historic quarters. With the population increase and improved economies, the middle class and the rich abandon the old quarters in preference for the wealthy suburbs while the poor find abandoned city core affordable. Historic inner cities thus become ghettos with their traditional owners fleeing the old buildings or actively destroying its very fabric by abandoning them to decay. Old quarters provide the historical memories of the cities, their cultural base and a layer of the city identity. Their urban contexts are generally rich with a strong sense of place both the citizens and the countrymen cherish and would want to retain. Allowed to decay, such cities will lose a significant part of their identity. Thus, they must make concrete efforts to protect the historical urban contexts and revitalize the old quarters to ensure that their streets and spaces remain alive. This indeed requires their economic base rejuvenated and links to the surrounding modern cities reinforced. More than just restorations of few buildings, this is a herculean task of urban revitalization. To transform these urban quarters, it is necessary to create a powerful upward spiral of investments and rising incomes among their inhabitants as well as social engineering leading to social cohesion to restore the inherent vitality and unique charm of these city centres, by strategic interventions. If an integrated approach is taken, these regions can be made to flourish naturally. This paper examines one such historic city center in the Arab region; Sana‘a in Yemen, which has faced the dire consequences of urbanization. Although different geographical contexts may have their own issues, there are universal lessons to be learned from an in-depth study of the walled city of Sana'a as a typical Arab city. The study employs a case study approach, and through physical observations and documentary evidence, it constructs an integrated framework that considers the physical characters, socio-cultural realities, planning and development controls and economic processes. The paper divulges the inherent obstacles that prevail in Sana‘a and offers ways and means of overcoming these to transform them in particular and Arab cities in general. If done well, they may thrive as urban hubs they used to be, sustaining their populations and re-utilizing an enormous wealth of buildings, spaces, and systems that would otherwise perish under the pressure of urbanization.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125510164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, Bahrain has focused attention to the revival of historical cultural and built heritage. Bahrain’s new urban projects are employing elements of heritage in the development projects in order to attract global attention and local investment whilst fostering economic growth. Cultural heritage enables people to understand previous generations and where they come from and can thereby provide an automatic sense of unity and belonging. In these developments however, issues arise related to the need to recognize and retain authenticity as an inherent value of cultural heritage. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how relevant or irrelevant authenticity is, in relation to promoting heritage restoration and re-development of heritage buildings. It examines how the engagement of heritage in development has incited a cultural revival within the new urban developments. The paper evaluates authentic historical fabric in the revived architecture of old Muharraq—the previous capital of the country that has undergone a renaissance of tangible and intangible heritage from the past. It critically analyses how this new built heritage is being produced. The research employs a study of documentation of these projects, reflecting on their aims and motivations. It buttresses the analysis by the engagement of people’s perceptions derived using a survey of opinions. It examines insight on how local residents relate to these renewal projects and if they do indeed promote national pride and a sense of belonging to their historic past. In conclusion, the paper locates if authenticity is, if at all, relevant to the people’s engagement with their cultural and built heritage in Bahrain. Moreover, it evaluates the ways in which the cultural revival has helped to create a sense of belonging among the people.
{"title":"Relevance of Authenticity in the Revival of Heritage Buildings in Cities: Insights from Bahrain","authors":"Ayesha Shah","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v4i1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v4i1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Bahrain has focused attention to the revival of historical cultural and built heritage. Bahrain’s new urban projects are employing elements of heritage in the development projects in order to attract global attention and local investment whilst fostering economic growth. Cultural heritage enables people to understand previous generations and where they come from and can thereby provide an automatic sense of unity and belonging. In these developments however, issues arise related to the need to recognize and retain authenticity as an inherent value of cultural heritage. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how relevant or irrelevant authenticity is, in relation to promoting heritage restoration and re-development of heritage buildings. It examines how the engagement of heritage in development has incited a cultural revival within the new urban developments. The paper evaluates authentic historical fabric in the revived architecture of old Muharraq—the previous capital of the country that has undergone a renaissance of tangible and intangible heritage from the past. It critically analyses how this new built heritage is being produced. The research employs a study of documentation of these projects, reflecting on their aims and motivations. It buttresses the analysis by the engagement of people’s perceptions derived using a survey of opinions. It examines insight on how local residents relate to these renewal projects and if they do indeed promote national pride and a sense of belonging to their historic past. In conclusion, the paper locates if authenticity is, if at all, relevant to the people’s engagement with their cultural and built heritage in Bahrain. Moreover, it evaluates the ways in which the cultural revival has helped to create a sense of belonging among the people.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131481486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ambiguous relationship between people and the environment runs back to millions of years and the concept of ‘to see without being seen’ has evolved from the past. As Appleton claims, the genes of our ancestors who preferred such environments are still with us and we prefer environments with our biological instincts. In this paper, four different urban restorative environments have been examined to test the ‘prospects’ and ‘refuges’ preference of the users of those places. This is tested under four aspects of the ‘prospects-refuges’ relationship such as; Strong prospect (open view, open observing point), Inversely balanced (close view, open observing point), Perfectly balanced (open view and closed observing point) and Strong refuge (close view and close observing point) in order to inquire about the subjective perspective of preference which claims that preferences are based on individuals. The paper explores the perception of Beddagana wetland park, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte and Diyasarupark, Thalawathugoda prevalent among the every-day users as well as the experts in the landscape design field. The paper demonstrates that the highest preferences of both the user groups have been towards the ‘Perfectly balanced’ prospect refuge scenario which supports the ability to see without being seen. The paper argues that this result may be useful in designing specific spaces of urban landscapes.
{"title":"To See Without Being Seen: Landscape perception and human behaviour in urban parks","authors":"L. Kawshalya, J. Dharmasena","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v4i1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v4i1.40","url":null,"abstract":"The ambiguous relationship between people and the environment runs back to millions of years and the concept of ‘to see without being seen’ has evolved from the past. As Appleton claims, the genes of our ancestors who preferred such environments are still with us and we prefer environments with our biological instincts. In this paper, four different urban restorative environments have been examined to test the ‘prospects’ and ‘refuges’ preference of the users of those places. This is tested under four aspects of the ‘prospects-refuges’ relationship such as; Strong prospect (open view, open observing point), Inversely balanced (close view, open observing point), Perfectly balanced (open view and closed observing point) and Strong refuge (close view and close observing point) in order to inquire about the subjective perspective of preference which claims that preferences are based on individuals. The paper explores the perception of Beddagana wetland park, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte and Diyasarupark, Thalawathugoda prevalent among the every-day users as well as the experts in the landscape design field. The paper demonstrates that the highest preferences of both the user groups have been towards the ‘Perfectly balanced’ prospect refuge scenario which supports the ability to see without being seen. The paper argues that this result may be useful in designing specific spaces of urban landscapes.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126828279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of space and neighbourhood layout in the creation of local communities have been less well undersrtood. Research has developed indices for evaluating the sense of community and social life, but has not focused on the significance of neighbourhoods. Sense of community and social life are related to social cohesion, areas of inquiry in sociology, psychology and the built environment. Social life studies focus on city centers or periphery areas; while sense of community studies of sociologists and psychologists focus on neighbourhoods. The role of the built environment on the sense of community and social life of neighbourhood however is less well understood. This paper explores the sense of community and social life of Gurunagar fishing neighbourhood and investigates how a particular fishing community plays a vital role in their own territory in terms of physical, social, economic and environmental aspects. It highlights its magnitude in achieving a successful neighbourhood. The research was conducted through observations, photographic surveys, spatial analysis, interviews and discussions with those who live in the selected case study area.
{"title":"Sense of Community and Social Life in the Fishing Neighbourhood of Gurunagar, Jaffna, Sri Lanka","authors":"A. Yogalingam, J. Wijesundara","doi":"10.4038/CPP.V3I1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/CPP.V3I1.34","url":null,"abstract":"The role of space and neighbourhood layout in the creation of local communities have been less well undersrtood. Research has developed indices for evaluating the sense of community and social life, but has not focused on the significance of neighbourhoods. Sense of community and social life are related to social cohesion, areas of inquiry in sociology, psychology and the built environment. Social life studies focus on city centers or periphery areas; while sense of community studies of sociologists and psychologists focus on neighbourhoods. The role of the built environment on the sense of community and social life of neighbourhood however is less well understood. This paper explores the sense of community and social life of Gurunagar fishing neighbourhood and investigates how a particular fishing community plays a vital role in their own territory in terms of physical, social, economic and environmental aspects. It highlights its magnitude in achieving a successful neighbourhood. The research was conducted through observations, photographic surveys, spatial analysis, interviews and discussions with those who live in the selected case study area.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115546143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Charing Cross, Lahore may be ranked as more than simply the junction of roads. It is a memorial representing architectural, social and cultural history of Lahore. Imprints of Colonial, post-colonial and modern era can be traced if the evolution of architectural space and elements of The Charing Cross, Lahore are closely examined. The multi-faceted space of The Charing Cross, Lahore is understood if a temporal cross-section of the square is cut and critically analyzed. Designed and built during the British (colonial) times, the square has, from the beginning, marked its genius through its ideal location and spatial quality. From being a centrally located square with carefully marked monuments and buildings to a democratic and recently politically charged demonstration space, the square in Lahore has changed with time but retains its Genius Loci through its form and events. In addition, a number of attempts made for shifting the location and position of the monument within the confined periphery of Chowk demonstrates how the monument has been treated by the ruling elite and people of Lahore at different times. The Charing Cross, Lahore is seen as a palimpsest with each layer of time and space reinforcing the genius Loci of the square within the city of Lahore. The paper analyzes the juxtaposition of time and space boundaries that have contributed in making the historic Chowk of The Charing Cross Lahore; a genius Loci. The paper begins with an introduction to the space with a brief background to its history and evolution. It then moves towards introducing the theory and the methodology through which the paper signifies the square in relation to the events. Supported by the critical analysis of the historical (physical and social) evolution of the square, the paper establishes the significance of The Charing Cross and its genius Loci.
{"title":"The Charing Cross: Unfolding a Genius Loci in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Hafsa Imtiaz, Mehr-un-Nisa Mustafa","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v3i1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v3i1.33","url":null,"abstract":"The Charing Cross, Lahore may be ranked as more than simply the junction of roads. It is a memorial representing architectural, social and cultural history of Lahore. Imprints of Colonial, post-colonial and modern era can be traced if the evolution of architectural space and elements of The Charing Cross, Lahore are closely examined. The multi-faceted space of The Charing Cross, Lahore is understood if a temporal cross-section of the square is cut and critically analyzed. Designed and built during the British (colonial) times, the square has, from the beginning, marked its genius through its ideal location and spatial quality. From being a centrally located square with carefully marked monuments and buildings to a democratic and recently politically charged demonstration space, the square in Lahore has changed with time but retains its Genius Loci through its form and events. In addition, a number of attempts made for shifting the location and position of the monument within the confined periphery of Chowk demonstrates how the monument has been treated by the ruling elite and people of Lahore at different times. The Charing Cross, Lahore is seen as a palimpsest with each layer of time and space reinforcing the genius Loci of the square within the city of Lahore. The paper analyzes the juxtaposition of time and space boundaries that have contributed in making the historic Chowk of The Charing Cross Lahore; a genius Loci. The paper begins with an introduction to the space with a brief background to its history and evolution. It then moves towards introducing the theory and the methodology through which the paper signifies the square in relation to the events. Supported by the critical analysis of the historical (physical and social) evolution of the square, the paper establishes the significance of The Charing Cross and its genius Loci.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128207095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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