{"title":"Bordering Processes: The Evolution of Social Borders at the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Reem Sultan, L. Srinivasan","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i2.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i2.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115008701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urban expansion is a complex spatial process that transforms non-constructed areas into constructed areas. Often, they occur in environmentally sensitive areas and may cause serious environmental issues. This study examines the urban expansions in the Central Fragile Area (CFA), of Sri Lanka in order to help manage the process. For this purpose, the built-up areas considered as indicators of urban expansion are extracted from Landsat images for 1997, 2010, and 2020. A set of landscape metrics are used for the purpose of revealing the magnitude and patterns. The study is divided into six concentric zones with eight directions by applying the gradient analysis. Each metrics was analyzed through concentric zones and the relationship between them were analyzed by Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results indicate that the urban expansion of CFA has continuously increased from 1997 and the patterns of density, distance, complexity and aggregation are highly significant with types of expansion (infilling, edge expansion and outlying expansion). This study offers information on the magnitude and patterns of the urban environment and directs towards sustainable urban developments.
{"title":"Application of Landscape Metrics to Quantify the Magnitude and Patterns of Urban Expansions: Central Fragile Area, Sri Lanka","authors":"A. David, Emeshi Warusawithrana","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Urban expansion is a complex spatial process that transforms non-constructed areas into constructed areas. Often, they occur in environmentally sensitive areas and may cause serious environmental issues. This study examines the urban expansions in the Central Fragile Area (CFA), of Sri Lanka in order to help manage the process. For this purpose, the built-up areas considered as indicators of urban expansion are extracted from Landsat images for 1997, 2010, and 2020. A set of landscape metrics are used for the purpose of revealing the magnitude and patterns. The study is divided into six concentric zones with eight directions by applying the gradient analysis. Each metrics was analyzed through concentric zones and the relationship between them were analyzed by Pearson Correlation Analysis. The results indicate that the urban expansion of CFA has continuously increased from 1997 and the patterns of density, distance, complexity and aggregation are highly significant with types of expansion (infilling, edge expansion and outlying expansion). This study offers information on the magnitude and patterns of the urban environment and directs towards sustainable urban developments.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"92 25","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113944050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urbanization has brought half of the world’s population into urban areas while transforming the way people live, work, travel and building networks. Similarly, urbanization made a significant impact on lifestyles in urban and suburban Sri Lanka. However, urbanization often brings stress to people's lives, and jogging has been found as one way of avoiding such busy environments. In Sri Lanka, there are few dedicated tracks for jogging in urban and suburban areas. Unfortunately, the absence of proper design and surroundings of a jogging track may result in increased stress of its users, i.e., joggers. This study examines the impact of design conditions and landscape features of jogging tracks in Sri Lanka towards the level of stress of joggers. We selected two jogging tracks in the capital of Sri Lanka, Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte as our case study. Further, we used online surveys and face to face interviews with joggers as data collection methods. We triangulated our data with experts’ opinions that are gathered from park managers and landscape architects in government authorities. Mixed methods are used to analyse the collected data. Our results identify six main factors that increase the level of stress of joggers, namely, temperature, seeing amphibians in the surrounding, excessive traffic noise, vehicle smoke, dust particles in the atmosphere, and level differences of the jogging tracks. This research further presents a set of recommendations for maintaining, restructuring, and developing jogging tracks in Sri Lanka in order to reduce the stress of joggers.
{"title":"Relationships Between Jogging Tracks and Stress: Insights from Colombo, Sri Lanka","authors":"C. Fernando","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization has brought half of the world’s population into urban areas while transforming the way people live, work, travel and building networks. Similarly, urbanization made a significant impact on lifestyles in urban and suburban Sri Lanka. However, urbanization often brings stress to people's lives, and jogging has been found as one way of avoiding such busy environments. In Sri Lanka, there are few dedicated tracks for jogging in urban and suburban areas. Unfortunately, the absence of proper design and surroundings of a jogging track may result in increased stress of its users, i.e., joggers. This study examines the impact of design conditions and landscape features of jogging tracks in Sri Lanka towards the level of stress of joggers. We selected two jogging tracks in the capital of Sri Lanka, Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte as our case study. Further, we used online surveys and face to face interviews with joggers as data collection methods. We triangulated our data with experts’ opinions that are gathered from park managers and landscape architects in government authorities. Mixed methods are used to analyse the collected data. Our results identify six main factors that increase the level of stress of joggers, namely, temperature, seeing amphibians in the surrounding, excessive traffic noise, vehicle smoke, dust particles in the atmosphere, and level differences of the jogging tracks. This research further presents a set of recommendations for maintaining, restructuring, and developing jogging tracks in Sri Lanka in order to reduce the stress of joggers.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122079568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Travelers’ Activities at Modern Train Stations: Kyoto Station, Japan","authors":"B. Nghiêm-Phú","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i2.60","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126269984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Buddhi Chathuranjeli De Silva, N. Perera, Nandika Denipitiya
The number of people who are affected by urbanization has radically increased. However, the economic boom over the past decades has escalated the environmental problems. Among other solutions, environmentalists have proposed vertical greening, which refers to allowing vegetation to grow on the vertical surface of a building. With other sustainability-oriented strategies, vertical greening is thought to help resolve current environmental issues, as well as current health issues. It may prevent the cities from being unbearable during locked downs which impacts human’s mental health due to social distancing measures. Green walls are an option for cities for people to engage with Nature. Known for their pleasantness to the senses and earthy qualities, they boost human health and improve air quality. Plants can thrive on walls, making it a popular trend globally and also welcomes antidotes to stress and isolation. Plants which contain day-to-day supply of nutrition and anti-germ characters, could be incorporated with green walls. However, more knowledge is needed to reap the potential benefits from it. With the demand for sustainability, green walls are increasingly appearing on clients’ requirement lists but mostly as a visual and aesthetic representation of sustainability. This sensibility of clients, what architects provide, and what is eventually built, questions whether the current vertical gardens deliver the intended benefits. Are these walls environmentally-friendly or are they just being a trend that takes advantage of the concern for the environment and human fondness to Nature? In this research, certain measurements were used to assess the above gap. During the observation periods, for an example, number of utility bills were examined and thermometers were checked frequently. Structured interviews ascertained the people’s perceptions. Research shows that there is a gap between what is actually proposed and what is practiced in Colombo in green walls. The study identified the gaps, such as the lack of adaptation to the local environment, proposed what each individual needs to improve to curtail the shortcomings.
{"title":"The Vegetated Building Facades and their Contribution to Environmental Sustainability","authors":"Buddhi Chathuranjeli De Silva, N. Perera, Nandika Denipitiya","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i1.53","url":null,"abstract":"The number of people who are affected by urbanization has radically increased. However, the economic boom over the past decades has escalated the environmental problems. Among other solutions, environmentalists have proposed vertical greening, which refers to allowing vegetation to grow on the vertical surface of a building. With other sustainability-oriented strategies, vertical greening is thought to help resolve current environmental issues, as well as current health issues. It may prevent the cities from being unbearable during locked downs which impacts human’s mental health due to social distancing measures. Green walls are an option for cities for people to engage with Nature. Known for their pleasantness to the senses and earthy qualities, they boost human health and improve air quality. Plants can thrive on walls, making it a popular trend globally and also welcomes antidotes to stress and isolation. Plants which contain day-to-day supply of nutrition and anti-germ characters, could be incorporated with green walls. However, more knowledge is needed to reap the potential benefits from it. With the demand for sustainability, green walls are increasingly appearing on clients’ requirement lists but mostly as a visual and aesthetic representation of sustainability. This sensibility of clients, what architects provide, and what is eventually built, questions whether the current vertical gardens deliver the intended benefits. Are these walls environmentally-friendly or are they just being a trend that takes advantage of the concern for the environment and human fondness to Nature? In this research, certain measurements were used to assess the above gap. During the observation periods, for an example, number of utility bills were examined and thermometers were checked frequently. Structured interviews ascertained the people’s perceptions. Research shows that there is a gap between what is actually proposed and what is practiced in Colombo in green walls. The study identified the gaps, such as the lack of adaptation to the local environment, proposed what each individual needs to improve to curtail the shortcomings.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134281659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cities are dynamic and liveable places where people experience the phenomenon of life. The essence of Indian cities lies in the interrelationships between urban structure and human aspirations. Urban structure is not just the sum of development blocks, built entities, open spaces, streets and landscapes. It is a set of socio-cultural integration the inhabitants develop. COVID-19 affected urban structures by eliminating humanizing aspects to sustain life. The fundamentals of social integration: place making, flexibility and character, which together shape up the city are under stress. The pandemic has undermined the roots of humanizing aspects in shaping the urban structure as the key urban form determinant. Depending upon urban ways of life, during the pandemic, people have carved their own ways to sustain life. It has sparked a concern about how urban structure will remain humanized by tackling the contradicting values like social disconnection and community disintegration to enrich and enliven the new normal. This paper examines the case of capital of India, Delhi which has undergone a major shift during the pandemic. It deciphers the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on humanizing aspects of Delhi by doing a comparative analysis between the compact and standard prototype of urban structure. First, the study adopts an investigative approach to record, document and analyse the impact on existing urban structure by examining their prototype. Then through physical observations, photographs and documentary evidences, it provides a toolkit useful for re-establishing and shaping the urban structures as humanized urban structures in making a resilient future.
{"title":"Re-establishing the Relationship between Urban Structure & Humanizing Aspects of Indian Cities After the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Delhi, India","authors":"Netal Subhash Chandak, Harshwardhan P. Nagpure","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i1.51","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are dynamic and liveable places where people experience the phenomenon of life. The essence of Indian cities lies in the interrelationships between urban structure and human aspirations. Urban structure is not just the sum of development blocks, built entities, open spaces, streets and landscapes. It is a set of socio-cultural integration the inhabitants develop. COVID-19 affected urban structures by eliminating humanizing aspects to sustain life. The fundamentals of social integration: place making, flexibility and character, which together shape up the city are under stress. The pandemic has undermined the roots of humanizing aspects in shaping the urban structure as the key urban form determinant. Depending upon urban ways of life, during the pandemic, people have carved their own ways to sustain life. It has sparked a concern about how urban structure will remain humanized by tackling the contradicting values like social disconnection and community disintegration to enrich and enliven the new normal. This paper examines the case of capital of India, Delhi which has undergone a major shift during the pandemic. It deciphers the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on humanizing aspects of Delhi by doing a comparative analysis between the compact and standard prototype of urban structure. First, the study adopts an investigative approach to record, document and analyse the impact on existing urban structure by examining their prototype. Then through physical observations, photographs and documentary evidences, it provides a toolkit useful for re-establishing and shaping the urban structures as humanized urban structures in making a resilient future.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117087352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post 9/11 saw a shift in the way people behaved, used and even looked at the city of Lahore, although the transformation remained subtle and slow. Starting in 2006, Lahore saw malicious terrorist attacks which targeted government buildings, and public and religious places. “CIRCLe” reported that the attacks in Punjab account for only 18% of attacks in the whole of the country, yet in terms of deaths, Punjab is 18 percent of the casualty figure of KPK and 19 percent of the casualty figure of FATA The past decade has impacted the physical as well as the social fabric of the city. Terrorism has given rise to an environment of insecurity in Lahore. It is rapidly reshaping not only the fabric of the city but the everyday life of the residents and the socio-economic dynamics as well. This fear can be examined by understanding how people behave, move, interact, use and reminisce public spaces. In such conditions, fear and paranoia become one of the most important tools for its people to map the city and to understand society in its true form. It becomes imperative to understand the fabric of the city within such realm. The paper aims to understand violence and terrorism forms prevailing in the city, and their evolution. Mapping of the area of Mall road is used to understand the direct impact in terms of design elements that have altered the fabric of the place and photographic survey highlights the transformation in the built environment over the years. The paper will draw conclusions in the form of changes in the built fabric and the resulting behaviour of people in the environment. This will be read as a continuous process of change in the built and social fabric of the society.
9/11之后，人们的行为方式、使用方式甚至对拉合尔的看法都发生了转变，尽管这种转变仍然微妙而缓慢。从2006年开始，拉合尔发生了针对政府大楼、公共场所和宗教场所的恶意恐怖袭击。" CIRCLe "报告称，旁遮普省的袭击仅占全国袭击事件的18%，但就死亡人数而言，旁遮普省的伤亡人数占KPK伤亡人数的18%，占FATA伤亡人数的19%。过去十年影响了城市的物质和社会结构。恐怖主义在拉合尔造成了不安全的环境。它不仅正在迅速重塑城市的结构，而且正在重塑居民的日常生活和社会经济动态。这种恐惧可以通过了解人们的行为、移动、互动、使用和回忆公共空间来检验。在这种情况下，恐惧和偏执成为人们绘制城市地图和了解社会真实形态的最重要工具之一。在这样的范围内，了解城市的结构变得势在必行。本文旨在了解城市中普遍存在的暴力和恐怖主义形式及其演变。Mall road的区域地图被用来理解设计元素的直接影响，这些元素改变了这个地方的结构，摄影调查突出了多年来建筑环境的变化。这篇论文将以建筑结构变化的形式得出结论，并由此得出人们在环境中的行为。这将被解读为社会结构和社会结构的持续变化过程。
{"title":"City and Terrorism: Impact of Terror on Urban Culture and the Fabric of Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Hafsa Imtiaz","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i1.54","url":null,"abstract":"Post 9/11 saw a shift in the way people behaved, used and even looked at the city of Lahore, although the transformation remained subtle and slow. Starting in 2006, Lahore saw malicious terrorist attacks which targeted government buildings, and public and religious places. “CIRCLe” reported that the attacks in Punjab account for only 18% of attacks in the whole of the country, yet in terms of deaths, Punjab is 18 percent of the casualty figure of KPK and 19 percent of the casualty figure of FATA The past decade has impacted the physical as well as the social fabric of the city. Terrorism has given rise to an environment of insecurity in Lahore. It is rapidly reshaping not only the fabric of the city but the everyday life of the residents and the socio-economic dynamics as well. This fear can be examined by understanding how people behave, move, interact, use and reminisce public spaces. In such conditions, fear and paranoia become one of the most important tools for its people to map the city and to understand society in its true form. It becomes imperative to understand the fabric of the city within such realm. The paper aims to understand violence and terrorism forms prevailing in the city, and their evolution. Mapping of the area of Mall road is used to understand the direct impact in terms of design elements that have altered the fabric of the place and photographic survey highlights the transformation in the built environment over the years. The paper will draw conclusions in the form of changes in the built fabric and the resulting behaviour of people in the environment. This will be read as a continuous process of change in the built and social fabric of the society.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116773820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is Important to understand how people perceive the world in which we live and imagine. In the Indian Cities, the organic slum settlement of Dharavi, Mumbai is a great example of spatialities created by people’s needs and demands. It has coherence of low rise-high densities, and socio-economic & cultural diversities in shaping the physical setting. Successful urban patterns facilitate cohesiveness in the communities. However, the impact of COVID-19 has altered this cohesion. Therefore, practicing social distancing has remained a notional norm. It is important to understand how people have adhered to social distancing norms in the organic settlements uplifting the community. The paper is divided into four parts. A theoretical premise is nurtured to understand the pre-requisite of space today which is the integration of threshold and cohesion. Threshold is defined as a "separation" while, cohesion is defined as "connection", resulting into the formation of cohesive threshold spaces. Such spaces involve the interpersonal dynamics and sense of connection among people. The idea is to decode cohesive threshold spaces, their character, types and significance. It also focuses on the types of spatial delimiters pulsating from micro, mesa to macro levels. The spatial delimiter is then supported to understand the spatial context of spaces in detail. It also examines the neighbourhood of Dharavi as a communal anchoring node. Cognitive perception is a method adopted to record, map and analyse such spaces. The paper evaluates a case of Kumbharwada model in Dharavi to understand the impact of the pandemic. The paper highlights how community participation in Dharavi has emerged as a concrete prototype for social distancing and contact tracing to curtail the impact at a large scale. Lastly, the magnitude of cohesive threshold spaces is understood by virtue of community participation to combat such pandemic today and in future accelerating a successful model.
{"title":"Threshold Spaces as Communal Anchoring Nodes in Super Diverse Communities Combating the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of Kumbharwada, India","authors":"Vanshikha Singh, Harshwardhan P. Nagpure","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i1.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i1.52","url":null,"abstract":"It is Important to understand how people perceive the world in which we live and imagine. In the Indian Cities, the organic slum settlement of Dharavi, Mumbai is a great example of spatialities created by people’s needs and demands. It has coherence of low rise-high densities, and socio-economic & cultural diversities in shaping the physical setting. Successful urban patterns facilitate cohesiveness in the communities. However, the impact of COVID-19 has altered this cohesion. Therefore, practicing social distancing has remained a notional norm. It is important to understand how people have adhered to social distancing norms in the organic settlements uplifting the community. The paper is divided into four parts. A theoretical premise is nurtured to understand the pre-requisite of space today which is the integration of threshold and cohesion. Threshold is defined as a \"separation\" while, cohesion is defined as \"connection\", resulting into the formation of cohesive threshold spaces. Such spaces involve the interpersonal dynamics and sense of connection among people. The idea is to decode cohesive threshold spaces, their character, types and significance. It also focuses on the types of spatial delimiters pulsating from micro, mesa to macro levels. The spatial delimiter is then supported to understand the spatial context of spaces in detail. It also examines the neighbourhood of Dharavi as a communal anchoring node. Cognitive perception is a method adopted to record, map and analyse such spaces. The paper evaluates a case of Kumbharwada model in Dharavi to understand the impact of the pandemic. The paper highlights how community participation in Dharavi has emerged as a concrete prototype for social distancing and contact tracing to curtail the impact at a large scale. Lastly, the magnitude of cohesive threshold spaces is understood by virtue of community participation to combat such pandemic today and in future accelerating a successful model.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125237309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Lanka provides more than 50% share of the Tea as a beverage in the world market, but tea estate families are some of the poorest in the country. They live in line houses with deteriorated conditions. Providing adequate housing in the urban, rural and estate sectors is a major challenge. The National Housing Policy 2019 (NHP2019) has sought to address this issue based on principles of participatory planning and social inclusion, economic effectiveness, environmental protection, and cultural adequacy. Purpose of this research is to evaluate the NHP2019 in terms of the tea plantation sector and to assess whether the policy successfully addresses housing issues of this sector. The study is based on three case studies of Diagama estate, Thalangaha estate and Gee-Kiyana Kanda estate. Further it evaluates the NHP2019, in terms of appropriateness of the problem identification, developing the solution (policy formulation) and effectiveness on real ground application (policy implementation) using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection involved a questionnaire survey with a proportionate sample of 172 households selected from three estates, an expert opinion survey with eight experts, and eight focus group discussions. The qualitative analysis was based on a content analysis using NVivo 11 software, and correlations and descriptive statistics were used for the quantitative analysis. The findings revealed that the NHP has not given due attention to the concerns of tea producers at the problem identification and policy formulation stages. There are also limitations of implementation such as no action on previous line rooms, land tenure, limitation on small loan programmes, productive land use for housing construction, issues in fund allocation and infrastructure provision. This research highlights the importance of policy reviews and revisions, which is rare in the practice of Sri Lanka.
{"title":"An Evaluation of National Housing Policy Related to Plantation Housing in Sri Lanka","authors":"S. Hapuarachchi, S. Kariyawasam","doi":"10.4038/cpp.v5i1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cpp.v5i1.55","url":null,"abstract":"Sri Lanka provides more than 50% share of the Tea as a beverage in the world market, but tea estate families are some of the poorest in the country. They live in line houses with deteriorated conditions. Providing adequate housing in the urban, rural and estate sectors is a major challenge. The National Housing Policy 2019 (NHP2019) has sought to address this issue based on principles of participatory planning and social inclusion, economic effectiveness, environmental protection, and cultural adequacy. Purpose of this research is to evaluate the NHP2019 in terms of the tea plantation sector and to assess whether the policy successfully addresses housing issues of this sector. The study is based on three case studies of Diagama estate, Thalangaha estate and Gee-Kiyana Kanda estate. Further it evaluates the NHP2019, in terms of appropriateness of the problem identification, developing the solution (policy formulation) and effectiveness on real ground application (policy implementation) using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection involved a questionnaire survey with a proportionate sample of 172 households selected from three estates, an expert opinion survey with eight experts, and eight focus group discussions. The qualitative analysis was based on a content analysis using NVivo 11 software, and correlations and descriptive statistics were used for the quantitative analysis. The findings revealed that the NHP has not given due attention to the concerns of tea producers at the problem identification and policy formulation stages. There are also limitations of implementation such as no action on previous line rooms, land tenure, limitation on small loan programmes, productive land use for housing construction, issues in fund allocation and infrastructure provision. This research highlights the importance of policy reviews and revisions, which is rare in the practice of Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":282093,"journal":{"name":"Cities People Places : An International Journal on Urban Environments","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132296113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koen De Wandeler, Rishika Mariella Mendis, S. Nanayakkara, Mahishini Vasudevan
This paper presents case studies of Sri Lankans who were confined in lockdown in the Brussels Capital Region (BCR) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It does so through research that Sri Lankan students produced within the framework of an explorative study conducted from March until May 2020. The study revolved around an exercise in rhythmanalysis as part of a course on Urban Anthropology at the KU Leuven Faculty of Architecture. It involved 73 Master students as well as the respective respondents that each of them had selected among their countrymen residing in the BCR. The assignment was to document how the COVID-19 pandemic evolved in Belgium and their home country, to observe how that progression affected residents’ behaviour and public life in both contexts, and to record what usage the respondents made of social media to stay in touch with people back home. The first section of this paper reviews Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis theory and various ways in which it has been interpreted over the years. The second section describes how the theory was applied within the said Urban Anthropology course, how the methodology of the 2020 assignment was adapted to the COVID-19 context and what contextual information emerged from the amalgamated research outputs. The next three sections specify how the three Sri Lankan students handled the assignment. One reiterates the progression of the COVID-19 situation in the BCR and Colombo based on media reports and the students’ participant observation in public life. The next presents the students’ observations ‘as seen from the window’ i.e., from the limited perspective they had left on neighbourly life amidst lockdown. A third one details observations derived in collaboration with their respective respondents from recording and examining the respondent’s online behavior over 72 hours. The last section of the paper assesses how the Sri Lankan observations mesh with overall outcomes of the study and what the research revealed about the level of adaptation that voluntary migrants achieved amidst confinement in the BCR. As part of their final reflections, the authors appraise the added value of the exercise as a whole and of rhytmanalysis as a research tool in particular.
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