Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216383
{"title":"ACTIVE STRUCTURES IN CENTRAL UPPER RHINE GRABEN, SW GERMANY: NEW DATA FROM LANDAU AREA USING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION (EMR) TECHNIQUE","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126099370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216373
Mostafa, Fahmy
In 2005, the importance of East Tiba Sub-Basin was highlighted since the oil was commercially discovered for the first time in the Upper Albian Lower Bahariya sandstones. All the used available subsurface data including cores, sedimentary structures, lithological characters, wireline logs signature, petrophysical parameters and biostratigraphy have revealed that, the Lower Bahariya reservoir sandstones are represented by three main stacked tidal channels that were deposited in marginal marine possible tidal-dominated estuary depositional environment. A regional conceptual depositional model has been constructed covering the development leases and surrounding areas to understand the distribution of the sandy facies, their own petrophysical characters and related production behaviour. The model explained the inter-tonguing relations between the relatively low sand qualities (distal facies), less oil productive reservoir sands of the Shebl area sands and the good quality (proximal facies), more oil productive reservoir sands of the SE located marginal marine tidal channels of Shahd/Shahd SE Fields. A 3D reprocessed PSDM seismic cube has been used in addition to the well data to produce the Bahariya structure map as it represents a good seismic marker allover the study area. The play concept in the study area is a threeway dip closure along NW trending Cretaceous faults having enough throw (+/600 ft.) to bring the Abu Roash “G” shales in the down-thrown side to juxtapose the Lower Bahariya reservoir sands in the up-thrown side.
{"title":"GEOLOGICAL 3D STATIC MODEL OF BAHARIYA FORMATION (UPPER ALBIANCENOMANIAN), SHAHD/SHAHD SE FIELDS, NORTHERN WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT","authors":"Mostafa, Fahmy","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216373","url":null,"abstract":"In 2005, the importance of East Tiba Sub-Basin was highlighted since the oil was commercially discovered for the first time in the Upper Albian Lower Bahariya sandstones. All the used available subsurface data including cores, sedimentary structures, lithological characters, wireline logs signature, petrophysical parameters and biostratigraphy have revealed that, the Lower Bahariya reservoir sandstones are represented by three main stacked tidal channels that were deposited in marginal marine possible tidal-dominated estuary depositional environment. A regional conceptual depositional model has been constructed covering the development leases and surrounding areas to understand the distribution of the sandy facies, their own petrophysical characters and related production behaviour. The model explained the inter-tonguing relations between the relatively low sand qualities (distal facies), less oil productive reservoir sands of the Shebl area sands and the good quality (proximal facies), more oil productive reservoir sands of the SE located marginal marine tidal channels of Shahd/Shahd SE Fields. A 3D reprocessed PSDM seismic cube has been used in addition to the well data to produce the Bahariya structure map as it represents a good seismic marker allover the study area. The play concept in the study area is a threeway dip closure along NW trending Cretaceous faults having enough throw (+/600 ft.) to bring the Abu Roash “G” shales in the down-thrown side to juxtapose the Lower Bahariya reservoir sands in the up-thrown side.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122221056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216388
El-Saied
Eight sections were measured and described from the 6 of October City. These sections are I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII. Lithostratigraphic sections I to III belong to the postMiocene (Plio-Pleistocene) paleosols, whereas section V and VI belong to late Pleistocene (most –recent paleosol) and section VIII belong to Miocene clastic. The sequence of the previously diagenetic processes may be accepted because the studied paleosols constitute the upper most parts of the stratigraphic sections. So, they did not subjected to burial compaction and then the cementation played the main role of lithification. Also, the abundance of iron oxides in the studied paleosol samples may be referred to the Oligocene iron rich sediments which supply the solutions with more iron oxides. The studied sediments were transported and deposited mainly by fluviatile processes. These paleosols are resulted from the karstifications processes in which the dissolution of the Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene carbonates during the pluvial period in an oxidizing wet phase environments.
{"title":"GEOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENE PALEOSOL SEDIMENTS OF 6TH OCTOBER CITY, GIZA, EGYPT","authors":"El-Saied","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216388","url":null,"abstract":"Eight sections were measured and described from the 6 of October City. These sections are I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII. Lithostratigraphic sections I to III belong to the postMiocene (Plio-Pleistocene) paleosols, whereas section V and VI belong to late Pleistocene (most –recent paleosol) and section VIII belong to Miocene clastic. The sequence of the previously diagenetic processes may be accepted because the studied paleosols constitute the upper most parts of the stratigraphic sections. So, they did not subjected to burial compaction and then the cementation played the main role of lithification. Also, the abundance of iron oxides in the studied paleosol samples may be referred to the Oligocene iron rich sediments which supply the solutions with more iron oxides. The studied sediments were transported and deposited mainly by fluviatile processes. These paleosols are resulted from the karstifications processes in which the dissolution of the Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene carbonates during the pluvial period in an oxidizing wet phase environments.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124537224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216392
Abdul Ghaffar, Ramadan
Neoproterozoic rocks in the selected area are located southwest of GabalMeatiq, central Eastern Desert of Egypt display compositional zoning including two distinctive rock suites, outer mafic (gabbro-diorite suite) and inner felsic (tonalitegranitoid suite).The mafic suite has alkali -calcic affinity while the felsic suite has calc-alkalic character. Both suites have formed under moderate oxygen fugacity (fO2) and relatively low pressure. The chemical composition trends are functions of the mineralogical composition. FeO, CaO, MgO, Ni, Zr and La have well defined trend indicating predominance of fractional crystallization processes. Trace elements abundance displays slight enrichment of the LILE (Rb, Ba) with respect to HFSE (Zr and Y). The pattern of the felsic suite displays gradual decrease from Rb, Nb and to positive Sr anomalies which consistent with accumulation of anorthite in this suite and fractionation of mafic phases such as amphibole. The enrichment of LILE versus HFSE is a typical signature of subduction related magmatic rocks. Chemical patterns display enrichment of Sr and marked depletion of Ba and Nb which characterized magmatic rocks formed during subduction stages with accommodation of crustal materials. Mafic suite has lower ∑REE values against higher ∑REE values of felsic suite. The thermometric calculations indicated that the original magma has high temperature up to 864°C for mafic suite and up to 963°C for felsic suite from apatite saturation temperature. The estimated zircon and monazite temperatures are lower than those obtained by apatite saturation temperature and plagioclasehornblende thermometer indicating that the original melt didn’t achieve zircon and monazite saturations. Petrological and geochemical data postulated the same magmatic origin for the different rocks in the zoned pluton. The geochemical data support the suggestion that the zoned pluton results in differentiation of an original calc-alkaline magma. Field and geochemical data are consistent with a mixed fractional crystallization/assimilation/multiple emplacement mechanisms for producing the diversity of rock types in the study pluton.
{"title":"THE ORIGIN OF ZONED NEOPROTEROZOIC IGNEOUS SUITES, SOUTHWEST GABAL MEATIQ, CENTRAL EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT.IMPLICATIONS FROM PLAGIOCLASE-AMPHIBOLE CHEMISTRY AND REE GEOCHEMISTRY","authors":"Abdul Ghaffar, Ramadan","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216392","url":null,"abstract":"Neoproterozoic rocks in the selected area are located southwest of GabalMeatiq, central Eastern Desert of Egypt display compositional zoning including two distinctive rock suites, outer mafic (gabbro-diorite suite) and inner felsic (tonalitegranitoid suite).The mafic suite has alkali -calcic affinity while the felsic suite has calc-alkalic character. Both suites have formed under moderate oxygen fugacity (fO2) and relatively low pressure. The chemical composition trends are functions of the mineralogical composition. FeO, CaO, MgO, Ni, Zr and La have well defined trend indicating predominance of fractional crystallization processes. Trace elements abundance displays slight enrichment of the LILE (Rb, Ba) with respect to HFSE (Zr and Y). The pattern of the felsic suite displays gradual decrease from Rb, Nb and to positive Sr anomalies which consistent with accumulation of anorthite in this suite and fractionation of mafic phases such as amphibole. The enrichment of LILE versus HFSE is a typical signature of subduction related magmatic rocks. Chemical patterns display enrichment of Sr and marked depletion of Ba and Nb which characterized magmatic rocks formed during subduction stages with accommodation of crustal materials. Mafic suite has lower ∑REE values against higher ∑REE values of felsic suite. The thermometric calculations indicated that the original magma has high temperature up to 864°C for mafic suite and up to 963°C for felsic suite from apatite saturation temperature. The estimated zircon and monazite temperatures are lower than those obtained by apatite saturation temperature and plagioclasehornblende thermometer indicating that the original melt didn’t achieve zircon and monazite saturations. Petrological and geochemical data postulated the same magmatic origin for the different rocks in the zoned pluton. The geochemical data support the suggestion that the zoned pluton results in differentiation of an original calc-alkaline magma. Field and geochemical data are consistent with a mixed fractional crystallization/assimilation/multiple emplacement mechanisms for producing the diversity of rock types in the study pluton.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115507940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216390
A. Hamid
The present study focuses on three granitic bodies from Gabal Um Guruf region in the North Eastern Desert of Egypt. They comprise Gabal El Resha fine-grained granite, Gabal Homret El Sawrhiya mediumgrained granite and Wadi El Misdar coarse-grained granite. They have nearly similar mineralogical compositions and could be classified as alkali feldspar granites. However, the presence and proportions of the accessory minerals show some variations among the three granitic bodies, causing observed changes in their trace element compositions. Geochemically, these granites exhibit pronounced A-type affinity and belong to the alkaline series. They have high concentrations of SiO2 and total alkalis, low abundances of CaO, MgO and TiO2 and enrichment in some HFSE (Zr, Y and U). The granitic bodies show similar REE patterns and spider diagrams with striking depletions in Ba, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti. The obtained geological, petrographical, and geochemical data of the studied granites suggest close genetic relationships and it is suggested that they were formed from single parent magma through its differentiation in post-orogenic environment. The radiometric investigation indicates that Gabal Homret Al Sawrhiya granite and its associated pegmatites have the highest levels of gamma-ray measurements in the study area. This granite shows similar mineralogical and geochemical features with U-bearing granite in Egypt. It is enriched in radioactive inclusions along with higher contents of zircon and fluorite, suggesting parallel enrichment of F and HFSE, which extending toward the associated highly evolved pegmatites. Additionally, it displays various forms of post-magmatic hydrothermal alterations, especially along faults and shear zones. One radioactive anomaly was recorded in a pegmatite body in Gabal Homret El Sawrhiya granite. The pegmatite hosts U-Th, Zr and REE showings along the contact between the host granite and the pegmatite.
本文对埃及东北部沙漠Gabal Um Guruf地区的3个花岗岩体进行了研究。它们包括Gabal El Resha细粒花岗岩、Gabal Homret El Sawrhiya中粒花岗岩和Wadi El Misdar粗粒花岗岩。它们具有相近的矿物组成，可归类为碱长石花岗岩。然而，副矿物的存在和比例在三个花岗岩体中表现出一定的差异，导致它们的微量元素组成发生了变化。地球化学特征表明，这些花岗岩具有明显的a型亲和性，属于碱性系列。它们具有高浓度的SiO2和总碱，低丰度的CaO、MgO和TiO2，且在某些HFSE (Zr、Y和U)中富集，具有相似的稀土元素模式和蜘蛛图，Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti的富集较为明显。所研究花岗岩的地质、岩石学和地球化学资料表明，它们的成因关系密切，可能是在造山后环境下由单母岩浆分异形成的。辐射测量表明，Gabal Homret Al Sawrhiya花岗岩及其伴生伟晶岩在研究区内具有最高的伽马射线测量水平。该花岗岩与埃及含铀花岗岩具有相似的矿物学和地球化学特征。富放射性包裹体，锆石和萤石含量较高，提示F和HFSE平行富集，并向伴生的高演化伟晶岩延伸。此外，它还表现出各种形式的岩浆后热液蚀变，特别是沿断层和剪切带。在Gabal Homret El Sawrhiya花岗岩的伟晶岩体中记录了一个放射性异常。伟晶岩中U-Th、Zr和REE沿寄主花岗岩与伟晶岩的接触方向呈现。
{"title":"PETROGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND RADIOACTIVITY OF ALKALINE A-TYPE GRANITES AND ASSOCIATED PEGMATITES FROM GABAL UM GURUF REGION, NORTH EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT","authors":"A. Hamid","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216390","url":null,"abstract":"The present study focuses on three granitic bodies from Gabal Um Guruf region in the North Eastern Desert of Egypt. They comprise Gabal El Resha fine-grained granite, Gabal Homret El Sawrhiya mediumgrained granite and Wadi El Misdar coarse-grained granite. They have nearly similar mineralogical compositions and could be classified as alkali feldspar granites. However, the presence and proportions of the accessory minerals show some variations among the three granitic bodies, causing observed changes in their trace element compositions. Geochemically, these granites exhibit pronounced A-type affinity and belong to the alkaline series. They have high concentrations of SiO2 and total alkalis, low abundances of CaO, MgO and TiO2 and enrichment in some HFSE (Zr, Y and U). The granitic bodies show similar REE patterns and spider diagrams with striking depletions in Ba, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti. The obtained geological, petrographical, and geochemical data of the studied granites suggest close genetic relationships and it is suggested that they were formed from single parent magma through its differentiation in post-orogenic environment. The radiometric investigation indicates that Gabal Homret Al Sawrhiya granite and its associated pegmatites have the highest levels of gamma-ray measurements in the study area. This granite shows similar mineralogical and geochemical features with U-bearing granite in Egypt. It is enriched in radioactive inclusions along with higher contents of zircon and fluorite, suggesting parallel enrichment of F and HFSE, which extending toward the associated highly evolved pegmatites. Additionally, it displays various forms of post-magmatic hydrothermal alterations, especially along faults and shear zones. One radioactive anomaly was recorded in a pegmatite body in Gabal Homret El Sawrhiya granite. The pegmatite hosts U-Th, Zr and REE showings along the contact between the host granite and the pegmatite.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115493145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216371
Egypt., Morsy, Abdel Monaim
Runoff Water Harvesting (RWH) is an effective solution to overcome scarcity of water in arid regions. The target of this study is to identify the suitable sites for (RWH) constructions and to determine the high potential zones for water/Landuse. The present study concerned with El Atfehy hydrographic basin as one of the most promising regions in the Eastern desert of Egypt due to its economic importance related to the demand for alternative water resources. The present work provides the integration of (GIS); satellite images (ETM+) and watershed modeling system (WMS) as a new approach for sustainable development of water resources. Based on these techniques the most effective hydrologic and hydromorphometric criteria that represent effective impact factors were integrated and analyzed in a GIS framework to develop Weighted Spatial Probability Model (WSPM). An appropriate weightage was specified to each criteria according to its impact on water potentiality. The resulting RWH potentiality map delineates the study area into five classes from very low to very high runoff potentiality. Water/Landuse master plan is constructed to recognize the priority regions for agricultural and socio-economic activities. The resulting map reveals that about 18% of the total hydrographic basin area is the most promising regions for water/Landuse. Application of the integrated methodology introduces a new approach for water resources management in the selected basin and allover the arid regions.
{"title":"HYDROGRAPHICAL MODELLING FOR POTENTIALITY OF WATER HARVESTING AND LAND/USE PLANNING, WADI EL ATFEHY, EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT","authors":"Egypt., Morsy, Abdel Monaim","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216371","url":null,"abstract":"Runoff Water Harvesting (RWH) is an effective solution to overcome scarcity of water in arid regions. The target of this study is to identify the suitable sites for (RWH) constructions and to determine the high potential zones for water/Landuse. The present study concerned with El Atfehy hydrographic basin as one of the most promising regions in the Eastern desert of Egypt due to its economic importance related to the demand for alternative water resources. The present work provides the integration of (GIS); satellite images (ETM+) and watershed modeling system (WMS) as a new approach for sustainable development of water resources. Based on these techniques the most effective hydrologic and hydromorphometric criteria that represent effective impact factors were integrated and analyzed in a GIS framework to develop Weighted Spatial Probability Model (WSPM). An appropriate weightage was specified to each criteria according to its impact on water potentiality. The resulting RWH potentiality map delineates the study area into five classes from very low to very high runoff potentiality. Water/Landuse master plan is constructed to recognize the priority regions for agricultural and socio-economic activities. The resulting map reveals that about 18% of the total hydrographic basin area is the most promising regions for water/Landuse. Application of the integrated methodology introduces a new approach for water resources management in the selected basin and allover the arid regions.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115171471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216378
Sahar Hassan
The Upper Cretaceous sequences of the north Western Desert of Egypt form the main hydrocarbonbearing sequences of the mature petroleum system in the pericratonic Abu Gharadig basin. One of the main targets is the sandstone-dominated Bahariya Formation of Late Albian-Early Cenomanian age. It overlies unconformably the Middle to Lower Albian fluvial-dominated sandstones of the Kharita Formation. The boundary between these two rock units (of different facies types) is actually difficult to be detected, using the limited conventional wireline logs. Certainly, the application of the high-resolution analyses; palyno-biostratigraphic, formation micro-images lithofacies extraction and core data, in addition to the different conventional wireline logs, supported the ability to differentiate and predict the important and lithologically obscured boundary between the Bahariya and the Kharita formations. The Bahariya Formation is distinguished into five depositional sequences (1 to 5), from bottom to top, in the selected four wells. The depositional sequence boundaries were identified lithologically by a basal mudstone facies (sequences 1, 3, 4 & 5), with the exception of a pronounced lime-muddy facies at the base of sequence no. 2. The lowermost sequence represents mixed flat facies, followed upwardly by sandstone-dominated tidal channels, accompanying the global sea level rise, and ended with a shallow marine carbonate bed. The second sequence starts at the base with sand-dominated mixed flat deposits denoting the early lowstand systems tracts of the next sea level rise, followed by shelfal mudstone facies. A non-depositional gap that supported by the presence of a hard ground terminated this sequence. The third cycle starts with the flooding event represented by mudstone and shaly facies, followed upward by a continuous sea level rise building vertically stacked shoreface facies and forming an offshore sandbar. The fourth sequence reflects relatively a sea-level fall and composed of a mixed flat, that intersected by tidal channels and creeks, and topped by shallow subtidal sediments. The fifth sequence begins with a repeated sandy mixed flat that affected by storm events resulted in the deposition of tempestites and lower shoreface facies (trough and hummocky cross stratifications, in addition to glauconitic sandstone facies) and ended up with the shallow subtidal carbonate facies at the base of Abu Roash Formation (Upper Cenomanian). The development of shoreface sandy facies of the sequences three and five represents the maximum rate of sea level rise, developing the offshore sand bar system. These bars, due to sea level rise events, represent the high-quality sandstone reservoirs, in addition to the tidal channels, that may represent a moderate to high-quality reservoir.
{"title":"LATE ALBIAN – EARLY CENOMANIAN BASIN EVOLUTION USING HIGH RESOLUTION SEDIMENTARY FACIES PREDICTION OF ABU GHARADIG PERICRATONIC BASIN OF THE NORTH WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT AND ITS HYDROCARBON HABITAT","authors":"Sahar Hassan","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216378","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Cretaceous sequences of the north Western Desert of Egypt form the main hydrocarbonbearing sequences of the mature petroleum system in the pericratonic Abu Gharadig basin. One of the main targets is the sandstone-dominated Bahariya Formation of Late Albian-Early Cenomanian age. It overlies unconformably the Middle to Lower Albian fluvial-dominated sandstones of the Kharita Formation. The boundary between these two rock units (of different facies types) is actually difficult to be detected, using the limited conventional wireline logs. Certainly, the application of the high-resolution analyses; palyno-biostratigraphic, formation micro-images lithofacies extraction and core data, in addition to the different conventional wireline logs, supported the ability to differentiate and predict the important and lithologically obscured boundary between the Bahariya and the Kharita formations. The Bahariya Formation is distinguished into five depositional sequences (1 to 5), from bottom to top, in the selected four wells. The depositional sequence boundaries were identified lithologically by a basal mudstone facies (sequences 1, 3, 4 & 5), with the exception of a pronounced lime-muddy facies at the base of sequence no. 2. The lowermost sequence represents mixed flat facies, followed upwardly by sandstone-dominated tidal channels, accompanying the global sea level rise, and ended with a shallow marine carbonate bed. The second sequence starts at the base with sand-dominated mixed flat deposits denoting the early lowstand systems tracts of the next sea level rise, followed by shelfal mudstone facies. A non-depositional gap that supported by the presence of a hard ground terminated this sequence. The third cycle starts with the flooding event represented by mudstone and shaly facies, followed upward by a continuous sea level rise building vertically stacked shoreface facies and forming an offshore sandbar. The fourth sequence reflects relatively a sea-level fall and composed of a mixed flat, that intersected by tidal channels and creeks, and topped by shallow subtidal sediments. The fifth sequence begins with a repeated sandy mixed flat that affected by storm events resulted in the deposition of tempestites and lower shoreface facies (trough and hummocky cross stratifications, in addition to glauconitic sandstone facies) and ended up with the shallow subtidal carbonate facies at the base of Abu Roash Formation (Upper Cenomanian). The development of shoreface sandy facies of the sequences three and five represents the maximum rate of sea level rise, developing the offshore sand bar system. These bars, due to sea level rise events, represent the high-quality sandstone reservoirs, in addition to the tidal channels, that may represent a moderate to high-quality reservoir.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130941270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2018.216377
Abu Madi Formation of Abu Madi-El Qar’a gas field constitutes the main gas producing horizons in the onshore north Delta Basin, since 1975. The facies complexity of the reservoirs is the main controlling factor for the irregular and differential water movements. The results of interpretation of the available subsurface geological, geophysical and borehole data have been integrated in the form of petrographical, mineralogical, sedimentological and petrophysical studies to delineate the lithofacies, lithostratigraphy, depositional environments, structure and geometry of Abu Madi reservoirs in the study field.
自1975年以来，Abu Madi- el Qar 'a气田的Abu Madi组构成了陆上三角洲北部盆地的主要产气层。储层相的复杂性是造成水运动不规则、差别化的主要控制因素。将现有地下地质、地球物理和钻孔资料的解释结果以岩石学、矿物学、沉积学和岩石物理研究的形式综合起来，圈定了研究区内Abu Madi储层的岩相、岩石地层、沉积环境、构造和几何形状。
{"title":"PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION AND RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE WATER MOVEMENTS. CASE STUDY: ABU MADI - EL QAR'A GAS FIELD, NILE DELTA, EGYPT","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2018.216377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2018.216377","url":null,"abstract":"Abu Madi Formation of Abu Madi-El Qar’a gas field constitutes the main gas producing horizons in the onshore north Delta Basin, since 1975. The facies complexity of the reservoirs is the main controlling factor for the irregular and differential water movements. The results of interpretation of the available subsurface geological, geophysical and borehole data have been integrated in the form of petrographical, mineralogical, sedimentological and petrophysical studies to delineate the lithofacies, lithostratigraphy, depositional environments, structure and geometry of Abu Madi reservoirs in the study field.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"485 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116193662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2023.194558.1038
Mahmoud Elazhary, H. Sabet, A. A. Abu Khatita, Ahmed Shehata, Soheir T. El-Hemamy
The objective of the current investigation is to get sufficient understanding of the groundwater's geochemical peculiarities and its quality at the area of Egypt's coastline in the northwest. 14 Samples of groundwater have been gathered from 14 wells in various sections of the investigation region, and examined. The pH level within the samples of groundwater reflecting slightly alkaline nature while salinity varies widely from slightly, moderately to very saline water. The spatial distributions of the major ions, except HCO 3− demonstrate an overall increase in the center of the region being researched while HCO 3 − increases in the direction of the northwest (Ghemama area). The major cations in the samples of groundwater decrease in the following order: Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + while the major anions following order: Cl − > SO 42− > HCO 3− . The spatial distribution of studied heavy metals decrease toward center of the area being researched and slightly increase toward east, and west which could be brought on by local human influence. The heavy metals that were examined for the samples of groundwater can be ordered as follow, Zn > Ba > As > Pb > Ni > Cd > Co > Mn > Cr > Cu. Based on Piper and Schoeller diagram, the samples of groundwater reflect the marine origin. An evaluation quality of the water for the purposes of irrigation and drinking reveals that the samples of groundwater in the research region are not appropriate for irrigation and drinking. Where the concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in the samples of groundwater reveal higher values than those advised by Egyptian and Worldwide Health Organization. Those increased concentrations may be attributed to agrochemical effects and human activities in the research area.
本次调查的目的是充分了解埃及西北部海岸线地区地下水的地球化学特性及其质量。从调查区不同地段的14口井中采集了14份地下水样本，并进行了检测。地下水样本内的pH值反映了微碱性，而盐度则从微盐水、中度盐水到极盐水变化很大。除hco3−外，主要离子的空间分布在研究区域的中心呈整体增加趋势，而hco3−在西北方向(Ghemama地区)呈增加趋势。地下水样品中主要阳离子的减少顺序为Na + > ca2 + > Mg 2+ > K +，主要阴离子的减少顺序为Cl−> so42−> hco3−。研究区重金属的空间分布呈向中心减小、向东、向西小幅增大的趋势，这可能是受局地人为影响所致。地下水样品中重金属含量为Zn > Ba > as > Pb > Ni > Cd > Co > Mn > Cr > Cu。根据Piper和Schoeller图，地下水样品反映了海洋来源。通过对研究区灌溉饮用水水质的评价，发现该区地下水样品不适合灌溉饮用。地下水样本中Cd、Pb和As的浓度高于埃及和世界卫生组织建议的值。这些浓度的增加可归因于研究地区的农用化学品效应和人类活动。
{"title":"Using hydrogeochemical and geographic information system methods as an environmental approach for evaluating of coastal aquifers in west northern coast of Egypt","authors":"Mahmoud Elazhary, H. Sabet, A. A. Abu Khatita, Ahmed Shehata, Soheir T. El-Hemamy","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2023.194558.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2023.194558.1038","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current investigation is to get sufficient understanding of the groundwater's geochemical peculiarities and its quality at the area of Egypt's coastline in the northwest. 14 Samples of groundwater have been gathered from 14 wells in various sections of the investigation region, and examined. The pH level within the samples of groundwater reflecting slightly alkaline nature while salinity varies widely from slightly, moderately to very saline water. The spatial distributions of the major ions, except HCO 3− demonstrate an overall increase in the center of the region being researched while HCO 3 − increases in the direction of the northwest (Ghemama area). The major cations in the samples of groundwater decrease in the following order: Na + > Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > K + while the major anions following order: Cl − > SO 42− > HCO 3− . The spatial distribution of studied heavy metals decrease toward center of the area being researched and slightly increase toward east, and west which could be brought on by local human influence. The heavy metals that were examined for the samples of groundwater can be ordered as follow, Zn > Ba > As > Pb > Ni > Cd > Co > Mn > Cr > Cu. Based on Piper and Schoeller diagram, the samples of groundwater reflect the marine origin. An evaluation quality of the water for the purposes of irrigation and drinking reveals that the samples of groundwater in the research region are not appropriate for irrigation and drinking. Where the concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in the samples of groundwater reveal higher values than those advised by Egyptian and Worldwide Health Organization. Those increased concentrations may be attributed to agrochemical effects and human activities in the research area.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115158111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21608/egjg.2023.218795.1051
N. El-Gendy, M. Noweir, Mohamed S. El-Sadek, Ahmed Ali
HE OBJECTIVE of this study is to delineate and evaluate the subsurface structural features and to determine the hydrocarbon potentialities of the Abu El-Gharadig basin, Western Desert, Egypt, particularly in the Main Abu El-Gharadig oil field. The zones of interest of this study are Abu Roash “E” and Upper Bahariya reservoirs of the late Cretaceous age. 20 2D seismic reflection profiles were used to evaluate the study area’s structural framework and to construct structural contour maps. So, two horizons were interpreted and picked, by using seismic well tie, to link between the seismic data (in time domain) with the well log data (in depth domain) and to generate synthetic seismogram to create a wavelet which is then compared with the seismic traces and well location, and to determine the stratigraphic boundaries of interest. After that, structural contour maps are constructed, which reveal that, all the area are influenced by normal faults trending E-W and NW-SE directions. The Fault polygons of the two horizons generally indicate three-way dip closure tilted fault blocks and also two-way dip closures forming horst and graben blocks. Beside the two zones of interest, we found the Paleocene-Early Middle Eocene Appolonia “B” and “C” horizons in the north eastern part of the study area of high amplitude and has a bright spot, which is not continuous in any other location of the study area. Therefore, we applied some techniques of the seismic attributes, to indicate the presence of wedging or channeling of limestone rocks, which may indicate commercially hydrocarbon potential.
{"title":"Seismic Interpretation of the Subsurface Structures for Delineating the Occurrence of some Reservoirs in the Main Abu El-Gharadig Oil Field, north Western Desert, Egypt","authors":"N. El-Gendy, M. Noweir, Mohamed S. El-Sadek, Ahmed Ali","doi":"10.21608/egjg.2023.218795.1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/egjg.2023.218795.1051","url":null,"abstract":"HE OBJECTIVE of this study is to delineate and evaluate the subsurface structural features and to determine the hydrocarbon potentialities of the Abu El-Gharadig basin, Western Desert, Egypt, particularly in the Main Abu El-Gharadig oil field. The zones of interest of this study are Abu Roash “E” and Upper Bahariya reservoirs of the late Cretaceous age. 20 2D seismic reflection profiles were used to evaluate the study area’s structural framework and to construct structural contour maps. So, two horizons were interpreted and picked, by using seismic well tie, to link between the seismic data (in time domain) with the well log data (in depth domain) and to generate synthetic seismogram to create a wavelet which is then compared with the seismic traces and well location, and to determine the stratigraphic boundaries of interest. After that, structural contour maps are constructed, which reveal that, all the area are influenced by normal faults trending E-W and NW-SE directions. The Fault polygons of the two horizons generally indicate three-way dip closure tilted fault blocks and also two-way dip closures forming horst and graben blocks. Beside the two zones of interest, we found the Paleocene-Early Middle Eocene Appolonia “B” and “C” horizons in the north eastern part of the study area of high amplitude and has a bright spot, which is not continuous in any other location of the study area. Therefore, we applied some techniques of the seismic attributes, to indicate the presence of wedging or channeling of limestone rocks, which may indicate commercially hydrocarbon potential.","PeriodicalId":282322,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127505932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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