Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.29-36
Sebastián Potocký, J. Stulrajter
Nowadays, information obtained from mobile phones is often the subject of evidence in front of a court. ForensicNowadays, information obtained from mobile phones is often the subject of evidence in front of a court. Forensicanalysts often come across smartphones about which they have no prior information. However, they need to extract data fromthem. The main prerequisite to extract the data is to bypass Android lock screen protection. The HID attack is a promisingmethod to break Android lock screen protection. In many cases, this is the only way how to break the smartphone´s nonbiometriclock screen protections on newer Android OS versions. The article contains examples of three non-biometric typesof Android smartphone lock screen protections and their computational complexity. The paper describes hardware and softwarerequirements for implementation of HID attack.
{"title":"The Human Interface Device (HID) Attack on Android Lock Screen Non-Biometric Protections and Its Computational Complexity","authors":"Sebastián Potocký, J. Stulrajter","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.29-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.29-36","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, information obtained from mobile phones is often the subject of evidence in front of a court. ForensicNowadays, information obtained from mobile phones is often the subject of evidence in front of a court. Forensicanalysts often come across smartphones about which they have no prior information. However, they need to extract data fromthem. The main prerequisite to extract the data is to bypass Android lock screen protection. The HID attack is a promisingmethod to break Android lock screen protection. In many cases, this is the only way how to break the smartphone´s nonbiometriclock screen protections on newer Android OS versions. The article contains examples of three non-biometric typesof Android smartphone lock screen protections and their computational complexity. The paper describes hardware and softwarerequirements for implementation of HID attack.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134101218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2023.1.21-28
Miroslav Matejček, M. Šostronek
The article deals with air defence, focusing on the use of Ground Based Air Defence (GBAD) systems. GABDs are complex systems consists of different types of radars, sensors, launchers, command, control, communication, intelligence information subsystems. GBADs parameters and subsystems features can influence overall GBAD systems characteristics and range of GBADs usage. In this article are described modern GBADs solutions, main advantages, and disadvantages of their composition.
{"title":"The Ground Based Air Defence Solutions","authors":"Miroslav Matejček, M. Šostronek","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2023.1.21-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2023.1.21-28","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with air defence, focusing on the use of Ground Based Air Defence (GBAD) systems. GABDs are complex systems consists of different types of radars, sensors, launchers, command, control, communication, intelligence information subsystems. GBADs parameters and subsystems features can influence overall GBAD systems characteristics and range of GBADs usage. In this article are described modern GBADs solutions, main advantages, and disadvantages of their composition.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130737667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.23-28
Pavol Lukášik, Vladimír Kadlub, Jindřich Stehlík
Today, modern tribodiagnostics offers sophisticated analyzes of motor oils with fast and accurate results. However,Today, modern tribodiagnostics offers sophisticated analyzes of motor oils with fast and accurate results. However,finding the causes of some undesirable processes of engine oil degradation often requires long-term monitoring of the operatingfacility. In this case, it was a problem of diesel engine oil in the Citroёn Jumpy 2.0 HDi service minibus, which has been in useby the Department of Mechanical Engineering (Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefanik, Demänová) for more than13 years. The fuel system (conditioners of injectors) on this vehicle has also been monitored for a long time in the period 2019-2021, an article about it was also published in the journal Science & Military (No. 2 / Vol. 14/2019). The cadets of theDeptartment of mechanical engineering Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefanik, were also involved in the diagnosticprocess. In parallel with the fuel system, the quality of the engine oil was regularly monitored in the time interval 20.1.2020 -22.4.2021 at a start of 2185 km from the last oil change. During this monitoring, a very rapid degradation of engine oil wasfound in some parameters, which is atypical during normal vehicle operation. This article discusses the measured results andpossible causes of this adverse event.
{"title":"Searching for the Causes of Abnormally Fast Degradation of Engine Oil in a Diesel Combustion Engine","authors":"Pavol Lukášik, Vladimír Kadlub, Jindřich Stehlík","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.23-28","url":null,"abstract":"Today, modern tribodiagnostics offers sophisticated analyzes of motor oils with fast and accurate results. However,Today, modern tribodiagnostics offers sophisticated analyzes of motor oils with fast and accurate results. However,finding the causes of some undesirable processes of engine oil degradation often requires long-term monitoring of the operatingfacility. In this case, it was a problem of diesel engine oil in the Citroёn Jumpy 2.0 HDi service minibus, which has been in useby the Department of Mechanical Engineering (Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefanik, Demänová) for more than13 years. The fuel system (conditioners of injectors) on this vehicle has also been monitored for a long time in the period 2019-2021, an article about it was also published in the journal Science & Military (No. 2 / Vol. 14/2019). The cadets of theDeptartment of mechanical engineering Armed Forces Academy of General M. R. Štefanik, were also involved in the diagnosticprocess. In parallel with the fuel system, the quality of the engine oil was regularly monitored in the time interval 20.1.2020 -22.4.2021 at a start of 2185 km from the last oil change. During this monitoring, a very rapid degradation of engine oil wasfound in some parameters, which is atypical during normal vehicle operation. This article discusses the measured results andpossible causes of this adverse event.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131956134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.18-25
Viktor Dolinaj, M. Marko
This work is performed by tribotechnical diagnostics, specifically by checking the properties of motor oil type Mogul Diesel DT SAE 20W-50 used in heavy combat equipment, such as the T-72M1 tank. The work consists of expressing basic knowledge about measuring devices, which were used in the measurements and their properties and their operation. The work also contains basic knowledge about the measured liquid, which is a necessary aspect for the possibility of performing measurements. The practical part of this work consists of measurements and more detailed specification of oil properties and monitoring of its gradual degradation with the help of individual measuring instruments. All measurements were performed in the diagnostics laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik (hereinafter„AFA”) in Liptovský Mikuláš.
{"title":"Tribotechnical Diagnostics – Engine Oil (MO) Characteristics Control Mogul Diesel DT SAE 20W50 T-72","authors":"Viktor Dolinaj, M. Marko","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.18-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.18-25","url":null,"abstract":"This work is performed by tribotechnical diagnostics, specifically by checking the properties of motor oil type Mogul Diesel DT SAE 20W-50 used in heavy combat equipment, such as the T-72M1 tank. The work consists of expressing basic knowledge about measuring devices, which were used in the measurements and their properties and their operation. The work also contains basic knowledge about the measured liquid, which is a necessary aspect for the possibility of performing measurements. The practical part of this work consists of measurements and more detailed specification of oil properties and monitoring of its gradual degradation with the help of individual measuring instruments. All measurements were performed in the diagnostics laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik (hereinafter„AFA”) in Liptovský Mikuláš.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131929005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.14-22
Andrej Fedák, J. Stulrajter
Nowadays, almost every malware file comes obfuscated and prepacked preferably with an unknown algorithm. Antivirus programs are taught to deal with these kinds of obstacles with the help of signature databases and heuristic engines. AV systems and their tools are professionally and carefully developed by experts; however, they are not flawless either. They tend to react to any threats that are identified by already-known malicious patterns and bad behaviours. Therefore, malware has to evolve and use new methods to pass these defences. In this paper, the internal components of AV programs and well-known packing techniques are briefly explained while in addition they are tested against each other. This work provides an initial insight into the complex subject of antivirus protection.
{"title":"Evasion of Antivirus with the Help of Packers","authors":"Andrej Fedák, J. Stulrajter","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.14-22","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, almost every malware file comes obfuscated and prepacked preferably with an unknown algorithm. Antivirus programs are taught to deal with these kinds of obstacles with the help of signature databases and heuristic engines. AV systems and their tools are professionally and carefully developed by experts; however, they are not flawless either. They tend to react to any threats that are identified by already-known malicious patterns and bad behaviours. Therefore, malware has to evolve and use new methods to pass these defences. In this paper, the internal components of AV programs and well-known packing techniques are briefly explained while in addition they are tested against each other. This work provides an initial insight into the complex subject of antivirus protection.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128579027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2023.1.13-20
P. Droppa, Pavol Lukášik, Radovan Stephany, Vladimír Kadlub
Monitoring of oil fillings in internal combustion engines was focused on heavy military equipment (Tatra 815, Praga PV3S, BVP, BRDM) on which operation was stopped due to a malfunction. The equipment, which was handed over to the 3rd level military service, was also subjected to an oil sample. The tribodiagnostic analysis was focused on the basic chemical and physical properties of engine oil using the most modern devices (optical and FTIR analysys). The article provides not only information about the most fragile parameters of motor oils (AW Additive, TBN, kinematic viscosity) and their cause, but also a statistical overview of the current condition of motor oils on military equipment in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic for the year 2022.
{"title":"Current Status of the Quality of Oil Fillings in the Heavy Technology of the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic","authors":"P. Droppa, Pavol Lukášik, Radovan Stephany, Vladimír Kadlub","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2023.1.13-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2023.1.13-20","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of oil fillings in internal combustion engines was focused on heavy military equipment (Tatra 815, Praga PV3S, BVP, BRDM) on which operation was stopped due to a malfunction. The equipment, which was handed over to the 3rd level military service, was also subjected to an oil sample. The tribodiagnostic analysis was focused on the basic chemical and physical properties of engine oil using the most modern devices (optical and FTIR analysys). The article provides not only information about the most fragile parameters of motor oils (AW Additive, TBN, kinematic viscosity) and their cause, but also a statistical overview of the current condition of motor oils on military equipment in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic for the year 2022.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130097042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.43-48
Péter Boda, Tibor Kovács
Road transport is affected by number of hazards in Hungary also. Timely exploration of these risk factors can help to reduce the severity of unexpected consequences. In this article we present and evaluate some of the procedures that can help in this work. The solutions we have now chosen are the mathematical methods, the questionnaire survey and the modeling.
{"title":"Methods for Determining the Risk Factors for Road Transit in Hungary","authors":"Péter Boda, Tibor Kovács","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.43-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.43-48","url":null,"abstract":"Road transport is affected by number of hazards in Hungary also. Timely exploration of these risk factors can help to reduce the severity of unexpected consequences. In this article we present and evaluate some of the procedures that can help in this work. The solutions we have now chosen are the mathematical methods, the questionnaire survey and the modeling.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121644889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.5-10
Ivan Pemcak, J. Skála, J.R.F. Baca
The suitability of using different types of shotgun shells for defence against low, slow and small (LSS) UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is investigated in this article. The basic criterion for assessing the effectiveness of shotgun fire is the hit probability and the effect of gunfire on the target. When using different types of shotgun ammunition, it is necessary to balance two conflicting requirements. First is hit probability which is affected by the number of pellets in the shotgun shell. Second is the kinetic energy of pellets which is affected by their size and speed. The theoretical procedure for determining the optimal types of shotgun ammunition depending on the distance and resistance of the target is demonstrated.
{"title":"Suitability of Using Different Types of Shotgun Shells in Defence Against Low-Slow-Small UAV","authors":"Ivan Pemcak, J. Skála, J.R.F. Baca","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.5-10","url":null,"abstract":"The suitability of using different types of shotgun shells for defence against low, slow and small (LSS) UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) is investigated in this article. The basic criterion for assessing the effectiveness of shotgun fire is the hit probability and the effect of gunfire on the target. When using different types of shotgun ammunition, it is necessary to balance two conflicting requirements. First is hit probability which is affected by the number of pellets in the shotgun shell. Second is the kinetic energy of pellets which is affected by their size and speed. The theoretical procedure for determining the optimal types of shotgun ammunition depending on the distance and resistance of the target is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132084227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.5-13
Peter Mako
Knowledge of dependence between the length of the bridge and parameters which are defining the costs for its production can be extraordinary valuable for making decisions during planning, procurement or any other inhouse processes of manufacturers of this equipment. This article is expressing graphical and functional dependence between the bridge length and the basic parameters which are defining manufacturing costs of the bridges. Presented functions allow to predict parameters defining manufacturing costs for bridges which are out of the scope of this article also.
{"title":"Dependence of Military Bridge Length and Parameters Defining its Manufacturing Costs","authors":"Peter Mako","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.1.5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of dependence between the length of the bridge and parameters which are defining the costs for its production can be extraordinary valuable for making decisions during planning, procurement or any other inhouse processes of manufacturers of this equipment. This article is expressing graphical and functional dependence between the bridge length and the basic parameters which are defining manufacturing costs of the bridges. Presented functions allow to predict parameters defining manufacturing costs for bridges which are out of the scope of this article also.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128672726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.26-29
J.R.F. Baca, Ivan Pemcak, Kateřina Nováčková
Resolution measurement of the night branch of the mounted device is investigated in this article. Measuring optical parameters of a mounted devices is a real problem that can improve the overall battle performance and effectivity of the armoured vehicle. The experimental verification is designed to be performed in field conditions with accessible equipment. To measure the resolution, it is needed to design corresponding test targets. To protect image intensifier from damage, it is necessary to use protection cover which attenuate incoming illumination. With decreased illumination the resolution of the imager also decreases, this hypothesis is demonstrated on experimental measurement.
{"title":"Measurement of the Resolution of the Mounted Periscope of the Armoured Vehicle","authors":"J.R.F. Baca, Ivan Pemcak, Kateřina Nováčková","doi":"10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.26-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52651/sam.a.2022.2.26-29","url":null,"abstract":"Resolution measurement of the night branch of the mounted device is investigated in this article. Measuring optical parameters of a mounted devices is a real problem that can improve the overall battle performance and effectivity of the armoured vehicle. The experimental verification is designed to be performed in field conditions with accessible equipment. To measure the resolution, it is needed to design corresponding test targets. To protect image intensifier from damage, it is necessary to use protection cover which attenuate incoming illumination. With decreased illumination the resolution of the imager also decreases, this hypothesis is demonstrated on experimental measurement.","PeriodicalId":282324,"journal":{"name":"Science & Military","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117349814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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