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2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)最新文献

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Impression Change on Nonverbal Non-Humanoid Robot by Interaction with Humanoid Robot 非语言类人机器人与类人机器人交互作用下的印象变化
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956240
Azumi Ueno, Kotaro Hayashi, I. Mizuuchi
Even if a robot is not designed with a specific impression, if there is a means that can add an impression later to the robot, it will be useful for social robot design, we considered. In particular, anthropomorphism seems to be an important impression of designing social interaction between humans and robots. In the movie, ”STAR WARS,” there is a non-humanoid robot, called R2-D2, which communicates mainly by sounds. A humanoid interpreter robot, called C-3PO, responds to the sound of R2-D2 with natural language and gesture. And the audience finds the personality in R2-D2 richer than the personality which is based on the information which R2-D2’s sounds have. It might be possible to change the impression of a non-humanoid robot emitting simple sounds by communication with a humanoid robot that speaks a natural language and make gestures. We conducted an impression evaluation experiment. In the condition where robots are interacting, the observer evaluated anthropomorphism of the nonhumanoid robot more than in the non-interacting condition. There were also some other impressions that have changed.
我们认为,即使机器人在设计时没有特定的印象,但如果有一种手段可以在以后为机器人添加印象,这将对社交机器人的设计有用。特别是,拟人化似乎是设计人类与机器人之间的社会互动的一个重要印象。在电影《星球大战》中,有一个名为R2-D2的非人形机器人,主要通过声音进行交流。一个名为C-3PO的人形翻译机器人,对R2-D2的声音做出自然语言和手势的反应。观众发现R2-D2的个性比基于R2-D2声音所包含的信息的个性更丰富。通过与能说自然语言并做出手势的类人机器人进行交流,有可能改变发出简单声音的非人形机器人给人的印象。我们进行了一次印象评价实验。在机器人相互作用条件下,观察者对非人形机器人的拟人化评价高于非相互作用条件下。还有其他一些印象也发生了变化。
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引用次数: 5
The Influence of Emotions on Time Perception in a Cognitive System for Social Robotics 社交机器人认知系统中情绪对时间感知的影响
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956416
Lorenzo Cominelli, Roberto Garofalo, D. Rossi
In this paper, we discuss some evidences provided by neuroscience and psychology studies on human time perception, in terms of its representation and its psychological distortion due to emotional state variations. We propose, then, a novel model inspired by these recent findings to be applied in social robotics control architectures, with a specific reference to an existing and already tested bio-inspired cognitive architecture called SEAI (Social Emotional Artificial Intelligence). An hypothesis on how to represent emotional state influence on time perception in SEAI will be presented, discussing the consequent potential of the system with this integrated feature.
本文从时间知觉的表征和情绪状态变化引起的心理扭曲两方面,对神经科学和心理学研究提供的关于人类时间知觉的证据进行了讨论。因此,我们提出了一个受这些最新发现启发的新模型,该模型将应用于社交机器人控制体系结构,并特别参考了一个现有的、已经经过测试的生物启发的认知体系结构,称为SEAI(社交情感人工智能)。本文将提出一个关于如何在SEAI中表示情绪状态对时间感知的影响的假设,并讨论具有这种综合特征的系统的后续潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Simultaneously Concentrated PSWF-based Synchrosqueezing S-transform and its application to R peak detection in ECG signal 基于集中pswf的同步压缩s变换及其在心电信号R峰检测中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956391
Neha Singh, Puneesh Deora, P. M. Pradhan
Time-frequency (TF) analysis through well-known TF tool namely S-transform (ST) has been extensively used for QRS detection in Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. However, Gaussian window-based conventional ST suffers from poor TF resolution due to the fixed scaling criterion and the long taper of the Gaussian window. Many variants of ST using different scaling criteria have been reported in literature for improving the accuracy in the detection of QRS complexes. This paper presents the usefulness of zero-order prolate spheroidal wave function (PSWF) as a window kernel in ST. PSWF has ability to concentrate maximum energy in narrow and finite time and frequency intervals, and provides more flexibility in changing window characteristics. Synchrosqueezing transform is a post processing method that improves the energy concentration in a TFR remarkably. This paper proposes a PSWF-based synchrosqueezing ST for detection of R peaks in ECG signals. The results show that the proposed method accurately detects R peaks with a sensitivity, positive predictivity and accuracy of 99.96 %, 99. 96% and 99. 92% respectively. It also improves upon on existing techniques in terms of the aforementioned metrics and the search back range.
通过著名的时频分析工具s变换(ST)进行时频分析已广泛应用于心电图信号的QRS检测。然而,基于高斯窗的传统ST由于固定的标度准则和高斯窗的较长锥度而导致TF分辨率较差。文献报道了许多使用不同标度标准的ST变体,以提高QRS复合物检测的准确性。本文介绍了零阶球面波函数(PSWF)作为st窗口核的作用。PSWF能够在狭窄和有限的时间和频率区间内集中最大能量,并且在改变窗口特性方面具有更大的灵活性。同步压缩变换是一种显著提高TFR能量集中的后处理方法。本文提出了一种基于pswf的同步压缩ST,用于心电信号R峰的检测。结果表明,该方法能准确地检测出R峰,灵敏度、正预测率和正确率分别为99.96%、99。96%和99。92%。它还在上述指标和搜索返回范围方面改进了现有技术。
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引用次数: 2
Privacy First: Designing Responsible and Inclusive Social Robot Applications for in the Wild Studies 隐私第一:在野外研究中设计负责任和包容的社交机器人应用
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956461
Meg Tonkin, Jonathan Vitale, S. Herse, S. Raza, Srinivas Madhisetty, Le Kang, The Duc Vu, B. Johnston, Mary-Anne Williams
Deploying social robots applications in public spaces for conducting in the wild studies is a significant challenge but critical to the advancement of social robotics. Real world environments are complex, dynamic, and uncertain. Human-Robot interactions can be unstructured and unanticipated. In addition, when the robot is intended to be a shared public resource, management issues such as user access and user privacy arise, leading to design choices that can impact on users’ trust and the adoption of the designed system. In this paper we propose a user registration and login system for a social robot and report on people’s preferences when registering their personal details with the robot to access services. This study is the first iteration of a larger body of work investigating potential use cases for the Pepper social robot at a government managed centre for startups and innovation. We prototyped and deployed a system for user registration with the robot, which gives users control over registering and accessing services with either face recognition technology or a QR code. The QR code played a critical role in increasing the number of users adopting the technology. We discuss the need to develop social robot applications that responsibly adhere to privacy principles, are inclusive, and cater for a broad spectrum of people.
将社交机器人应用于公共场所进行野外研究是一项重大挑战,但对社交机器人的发展至关重要。现实世界的环境是复杂的、动态的和不确定的。人机交互可以是非结构化和不可预测的。此外,当机器人作为共享的公共资源时,会出现用户访问和用户隐私等管理问题,从而导致设计选择可能影响用户的信任和所设计系统的采用。在本文中,我们提出了一个社交机器人的用户注册和登录系统,并报告人们在向机器人注册个人信息以访问服务时的偏好。这项研究是在政府管理的创业和创新中心调查Pepper社交机器人潜在用例的更大规模工作的第一次迭代。我们设计并部署了一个机器人用户注册系统的原型,用户可以通过面部识别技术或QR码来控制注册和访问服务。QR码在增加采用该技术的用户数量方面发挥了关键作用。我们讨论了开发社交机器人应用程序的必要性,这些应用程序应负责任地遵守隐私原则,具有包容性,并迎合广泛的人群。
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引用次数: 4
Vision-based Fast-terminal Sliding Mode Super Twisting Controller for Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on a Static Platform 基于视觉的四旋翼飞行器静态平台自主降落快终端滑模超扭控制
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956302
Archit Krishna Kamath, Vibhu Kumar Tripathi, Subhash Chand Yogi, L. Behera
This paper proposes a vision-based sliding mode control technique for autonomous landing of a quadrotor over the static platform. The proposed vision algorithm estimates the quadrotor’s position relative to an ArUco marker placed on a static platform using an on-board monocular camera. The relative position is provided as an input to a Fast-terminal Sliding Mode Super Twisting Controller (FTSMSTC) which ensures finite time convergence of the relative position between the landing pad marker and the quadrotor. In addition, the proposed controller attenuates chattering phenomena and guarantees robustness towards bounded external disturbances and modelling uncertainties. The proposed vision-based control scheme is implemented using numerical simulations and validated in real-time on the DJI Matrice 100.
提出了一种基于视觉的四旋翼飞行器在静止平台上自主降落的滑模控制技术。提出的视觉算法估计四旋翼相对于ArUco标记放置在一个静态平台上使用机载单目摄像机的位置。相对位置作为输入提供给快速终端滑模超扭转控制器(FTSMSTC),该控制器保证了着陆台标记与四旋翼之间相对位置的有限时间收敛。此外,所提出的控制器衰减抖振现象,并保证对有界外部干扰和建模不确定性的鲁棒性。采用数值仿真实现了基于视觉的控制方案,并在DJI matrix 100上进行了实时验证。
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引用次数: 3
Towards situational awareness from robotic group motion 机器人群体运动的态势感知
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956381
Florent Levillain, D. St-Onge, G. Beltrame, E. Zibetti
The control of multiple robots in the context of tele-exploration tasks is often attentionally taxing, resulting in a loss of situational awareness for operators. Unmanned aerial vehicle swarms require significantly more multitasking than controlling a plane, thus making it necessary to devise intuitive feedback sources and control methods for these robots. The purpose of this article is to examine a swarm's nonverbal behaviour as a possible way to increase situational awareness and reduce the operators cognitive load by soliciting intuitions about the swarm's behaviour. To progress on the definition of a database of nonverbal expressions for robot swarms, we first define categories of communicative intents based on spontaneous descriptions of common swarm behaviours. The obtained typology confirms that the first two levels (as defined by Endsley: elements of environment and comprehension of the situation) can be shared through swarms motion-based communication. We then investigate group motion parameters potentially connected to these communicative intents. Results are that synchronized movement and tendency to form figures help convey meaningful information to the operator. We then discuss how this can be applied to realistic scenarios for the intuitive command of remote robotic teams.
在远程探测任务的背景下,控制多个机器人往往需要耗费大量的注意力,从而导致操作员丧失态势感知能力。与控制飞机相比,无人机群需要更多的多任务处理,因此有必要为这些机器人设计直观的反馈源和控制方法。本文的目的是研究群体的非语言行为作为一种可能的方式,以提高态势感知和减少操作员的认知负荷,通过征求对群体行为的直觉。为了进一步定义机器人群体的非语言表达数据库,我们首先定义了基于常见群体行为的自发描述的交流意图类别。获得的类型学证实了前两个层次(由Endsley定义:环境元素和对情况的理解)可以通过基于群体运动的交流来共享。然后,我们研究了可能与这些交际意图相关的群体运动参数。结果表明,同步运动和图形倾向有助于向操作者传达有意义的信息。然后,我们讨论如何将其应用于远程机器人团队的直观命令的现实场景。
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引用次数: 3
Q-learning Based Navigation of a Quadrotor using Non-singular Terminal Sliding Mode Control 基于q学习的四旋翼飞行器非奇异终端滑模控制导航
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956365
Subhash Chand Yogi, Vibhu Kumar Tripathi, Archit Krishna Kamath, L. Behera
This paper demonstrates an hybrid methodology of quadrotor navigation and control in an environment with obstacles by combining a Q-learning strategy for navigation with a non-linear sliding mode control scheme for position and altitude control of the quadrotor. In an unknown environment, an optimal safe path is estimated using the Q-learning scheme by considering the environment as a 3D grid world. Furthermore, a non-singular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC) is employed to navigate the quadrotor through the planned trajectories. The NTSMC that is employed for trajectory tracking ensures robustness towards bounded disturbances as well as parametric uncertainties. In addition, it ensures finite time convergence of the tracking error and avoids issues that arise due to singularities in the dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed navigation and control scheme are validated using numerical simulations wherein a quadrotor is required to pass through a window.
本文通过将q -学习导航策略与四旋翼位置和高度控制的非线性滑模控制方案相结合,展示了四旋翼在障碍物环境中导航和控制的混合方法。在未知环境中,通过将环境视为三维网格世界,使用q -学习方案估计出最优安全路径。此外,采用非奇异终端滑模控制(NTSMC)对四旋翼飞行器进行规划轨迹导航。用于轨迹跟踪的NTSMC保证了对有界扰动和参数不确定性的鲁棒性。此外,它保证了跟踪误差的有限时间收敛,避免了由于动力学中的奇异性而引起的问题。利用数值模拟验证了所提出的导航和控制方案的有效性,其中四旋翼需要通过窗口。
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引用次数: 1
Incremental Estimation of Users’ Expertise Level 用户专业水平的增量估计
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956320
Pamela Carreno-Medrano, Abhinav Dahiya, Stephen L. Smith, D. Kulić
Estimating a user’s expertise level based on observations of their actions will result in better human-robot collaboration, by enabling the robot to adjust its behaviour and the assistance it provides according to the skills of the particular user it’s interacting with. This paper details an approach to incrementally and continually estimate the expertise of a user whose goal is to optimally complete a given task. The user’s expertise level, here represented as a scalar parameter, is estimated by evaluating how far their actions are from optimal. The proposed approach was tested using data from an online study where participants were asked to complete various instances of a simulated kitting task. An optimal planner was used to estimate the “goodness” of all available actions at any given task state. We found that our expertise level estimates correlate strongly with observed after-task performance metrics and that it is possible to differentiate novices from experts after observing, on average, 33% of the errors made by the novices.
通过观察用户的行为来估计用户的专业水平,机器人可以根据与之交互的特定用户的技能调整自己的行为和提供的帮助,从而实现更好的人机协作。本文详细介绍了一种方法,以增量和持续地估计用户的专业知识,其目标是最佳地完成给定的任务。用户的专业水平,在这里表示为一个标量参数,通过评估他们的行为离最优的距离来估计。该方法通过一项在线研究的数据进行了测试,参与者被要求完成各种模拟的穿衣任务。使用最优计划器来估计任何给定任务状态下所有可用操作的“良度”。我们发现,我们的专业水平估计与观察到的任务后绩效指标密切相关,并且在观察到平均33%的新手犯的错误后,有可能区分新手和专家。
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引用次数: 6
Natural language interface for programming sensory-enabled scenarios for human-robot interaction 用于为人机交互编程启用感官的场景的自然语言接口
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956248
N. Buchina, P. Sterkenburg, T. Lourens, E. Barakova
Previous research has shown that robot-mediated therapy may be effective in improving different mental or physical conditions, but this effectiveness strongly depends on how well the therapy can be translated to robot training. The goal of this study is to assist the end-users such as occupational and rehabilitation therapists to create without help of technical professional therapy-specific and sensory-enabled scenarios for the robotic assistant for use in an unstructured environment. The Cognitive Dimension of Notations framework was applied to assess the usability of the programming interface and the Cyclomatic complexity method was used to evaluate the complexity of the created robot scenarios. Eleven therapists with a mean age of 39 years working in the care for persons with visual-and-intellectual disabilities participated. The results show good usability of the interface, as measured via the CDN framework and the cyclomatic complexity analysis showed an increased complexity of the created by the occupational and rehabilitation therapist’s scenarios. The participants did not request for very specifically defined behaviors for the robot, and therefore descriptions in natural text can be successfully used for robot programming.
先前的研究表明,机器人介导的疗法可能对改善不同的精神或身体状况有效,但这种有效性在很大程度上取决于这种疗法能否很好地转化为机器人训练。本研究的目的是帮助最终用户,如职业和康复治疗师,在没有技术专业治疗和感官支持的情况下,为机器人助手创建在非结构化环境中使用的场景。采用符号的认知维度框架评估编程界面的可用性,采用圈复杂度法评估所创建机器人场景的复杂性。11位平均年龄为39岁的治疗师参与了这项研究,他们从事视力和智力残疾人士的护理工作。结果表明,通过CDN框架测量的界面具有良好的可用性,圈复杂度分析显示,由职业和康复治疗师的场景创建的复杂性增加。参与者没有要求为机器人定义非常具体的行为,因此自然文本中的描述可以成功地用于机器人编程。
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引用次数: 6
ROS-TiPlEx: How to make experts in A.I. Planning and Robotics talk together and be happy ROS-TiPlEx:如何让人工智能规划和机器人专家一起交谈并快乐
Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956417
Carlo La Viola, Andrea Orlandini, A. Umbrico, A. Cesta
This paper presents a novel comprehensive framework called ROS-TiPlEx (Timeline-based Planning and Execution with ROS) to provide a shared environment in which experts in robotics and planning can easily interact to, respectively, encode information about low-level robot control and define task planning and execution models. ROS-TiPlEx aims at facilitating the interaction between both kind of experts, thus, enhancing and possibly speeding up the process of an integrated control design. ROS-TiPlEx is the first tool addressing the connection of ROS and timeline-based planning.
本文提出了一个新的综合框架ROS- tiplex(基于时间线的规划和执行与ROS),以提供一个共享的环境,在这个环境中,机器人和规划专家可以轻松地交互,分别编码关于低级机器人控制的信息,并定义任务规划和执行模型。ROS-TiPlEx旨在促进两种专家之间的互动,从而加强并可能加快集成控制设计的过程。ROS- tiplex是第一个解决ROS和基于时间线的规划之间联系的工具。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN)
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