Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651504
H. Schau, A. Novitskiy
A new approach for a correct estimation of power and energy losses in urban distribution networks is described in the paper. The method is based on a row of national directives for power and energy loss analysis as well as on authorpsilas investigation. The method allows the calculation of load-dependent (current-dependent) and load-independent (voltage-dependent) power and energy losses in an urban network and their separation between power nets of different voltage levels. On the base of the elaborated method it is possible to analyse and to predict the power loss profiles over time (for instance annual profiles) depending on the power delivered to the urban distribution network under study.
{"title":"Analysis and prediction of power and energy losses in distribution networks","authors":"H. Schau, A. Novitskiy","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651504","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach for a correct estimation of power and energy losses in urban distribution networks is described in the paper. The method is based on a row of national directives for power and energy loss analysis as well as on authorpsilas investigation. The method allows the calculation of load-dependent (current-dependent) and load-independent (voltage-dependent) power and energy losses in an urban network and their separation between power nets of different voltage levels. On the base of the elaborated method it is possible to analyse and to predict the power loss profiles over time (for instance annual profiles) depending on the power delivered to the urban distribution network under study.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128236710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651549
Zhe Chen, Y. Hu, H. McKenzie
The paper discusses the operational domain of three phase voltage source converters (VSC) connected to an ac grid. The effects of the parameters (X/R ratio) of the conductors between the VSC and grid on the active and reactive power transfer are analyzed. The impacts on the control parameters, namely, the power angle and output voltage of VSC have been described. The study has revealed the active and reactive power operational domain in relation to the circuit parameters. The simulation studies are conducted; the presented results have confirmed the analysis results. The results could be used to determine the power controllability of a VSC, therefore, the capacity of controlling reactive power/power factor while transfer the active power.
{"title":"Effects of line parameters on performance of voltage source converters in distributed generation systems","authors":"Zhe Chen, Y. Hu, H. McKenzie","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651549","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the operational domain of three phase voltage source converters (VSC) connected to an ac grid. The effects of the parameters (X/R ratio) of the conductors between the VSC and grid on the active and reactive power transfer are analyzed. The impacts on the control parameters, namely, the power angle and output voltage of VSC have been described. The study has revealed the active and reactive power operational domain in relation to the circuit parameters. The simulation studies are conducted; the presented results have confirmed the analysis results. The results could be used to determine the power controllability of a VSC, therefore, the capacity of controlling reactive power/power factor while transfer the active power.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133000731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651443
H. Hajian-Hoseinabadi, S. H. Hosseini, M. Hajian
This paper presents a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The main distinction of this approach is in using particlepsilas worth experience in stead of the best previous experience. The proposed approach is evaluated on the IEEE 30-bus test system which minimizes the total fuel cost considering operational constraints such as power flow equations, transmission flow limits, bus voltages and reactive power of generators. The results obtained using the proposed approach are compared with results of other optimization methods.
{"title":"Optimal power flow solution by a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm","authors":"H. Hajian-Hoseinabadi, S. H. Hosseini, M. Hajian","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651443","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The main distinction of this approach is in using particlepsilas worth experience in stead of the best previous experience. The proposed approach is evaluated on the IEEE 30-bus test system which minimizes the total fuel cost considering operational constraints such as power flow equations, transmission flow limits, bus voltages and reactive power of generators. The results obtained using the proposed approach are compared with results of other optimization methods.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127842400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651566
M. Loeser, M. Redfern
The total energy stored in terrestrial biomass outnumbers the annual world energy consumption by a factor of more than fifty. Being highly available, renewable and geographically dispersed, biomass can form a substantial part of future energy sources and biomass-derived energy generation can result in both CO2-neutral and stable long-term energy supply for most areas in the world. Having a relatively low energy density, biomass processing in decentralised plants seems best suited to minimise transport cost of both the raw material and the products. To facilitate a wide-spread use of decentralised plants, their design has to be simple and they need to be easy-to-operate and flexible. This paper covers the two sequential steps of biomass power: conversion technologies to transform the raw feedstock into suitable intermediate energy carriers, and generation technologies to gain energy in the form of heat and/or electric power. A broad number of conversion technologies currently exist for both wet and dry biomass, ranging from research-stage up to commercialisation. In this paper the main ways of converting dry as well as wet feedstock will be discussed: combustion, gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction for the further and fermentation and anaerobic digestion for the latter. Additionally, the common generation technologies will be analysed: internal combustion engines, Stirling engines and internally- and externally fired microturbines. Finally it will be recommended which technologies to use to meet a substantial part of the future energy demand on the basis of biomass in micro- or small-scale applications.
{"title":"Overview of biomass conversion and generation technologies","authors":"M. Loeser, M. Redfern","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651566","url":null,"abstract":"The total energy stored in terrestrial biomass outnumbers the annual world energy consumption by a factor of more than fifty. Being highly available, renewable and geographically dispersed, biomass can form a substantial part of future energy sources and biomass-derived energy generation can result in both CO2-neutral and stable long-term energy supply for most areas in the world. Having a relatively low energy density, biomass processing in decentralised plants seems best suited to minimise transport cost of both the raw material and the products. To facilitate a wide-spread use of decentralised plants, their design has to be simple and they need to be easy-to-operate and flexible. This paper covers the two sequential steps of biomass power: conversion technologies to transform the raw feedstock into suitable intermediate energy carriers, and generation technologies to gain energy in the form of heat and/or electric power. A broad number of conversion technologies currently exist for both wet and dry biomass, ranging from research-stage up to commercialisation. In this paper the main ways of converting dry as well as wet feedstock will be discussed: combustion, gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction for the further and fermentation and anaerobic digestion for the latter. Additionally, the common generation technologies will be analysed: internal combustion engines, Stirling engines and internally- and externally fired microturbines. Finally it will be recommended which technologies to use to meet a substantial part of the future energy demand on the basis of biomass in micro- or small-scale applications.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127975382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651545
H. Kargar, S. Jalilzadeh, A. Rezazadeh, V. Nabi, G. Govar
One of the main concerns of market entities is minimizing the energy supply cost. In this paper, an objective function for reducing the energy supply cost by DisCo will be proposed. The optimization method is based on binary genetic algorithm (BGA) for the reconfiguration of deregulated distribution networks. In addition, a case study will be analyzed and the obtained results will show that the total energy supply cost will effectively reduce.
{"title":"Reconfiguration of deregulated distribution network for minimizing energy supply cost by using BGA","authors":"H. Kargar, S. Jalilzadeh, A. Rezazadeh, V. Nabi, G. Govar","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651545","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main concerns of market entities is minimizing the energy supply cost. In this paper, an objective function for reducing the energy supply cost by DisCo will be proposed. The optimization method is based on binary genetic algorithm (BGA) for the reconfiguration of deregulated distribution networks. In addition, a case study will be analyzed and the obtained results will show that the total energy supply cost will effectively reduce.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123377576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651481
M. Hesamzadeh, N. Hosseinzadeh, P. Wolfs
Single wire earth return (SWER) systems are a widely applied, low cost electrification method used in many rural areas. In central queensland a single SWER system supplying approximately 100 kW may extend more than 300 km. Many SWER systems include shunt reactors to control the effects of the line charging capacitance. One effect, the Ferranti effect, causes the line voltage to rise with the distance. In three phase distribution systems this effect is not visible but in SWER systems, this effect makes it difficult to maintain the consumers supply within the acceptable regulation range. As the second effect, the loading of the SWER system supply transformer increases. Controllable shunt reactors are used as one solution to the aforementioned problems. Stanage Bay feeder in central queensland area has been chosen for the installation of the designed shunt reactor. Stange Bay feeder is supplied by an isolating transformer with the total capacity of 150 kVA and the voltage level of 22 kV. Using the Stanage Bay feeder, this paper details the process of design and simulation of a suitable switch reactor. This step has been carried out by firstly, the design of the switch reactor and secondly, the proper modelling of the designed reactor for the voltage regulation studies.
{"title":"Design and study of a switch reactor for Central Queensland SWER system","authors":"M. Hesamzadeh, N. Hosseinzadeh, P. Wolfs","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651481","url":null,"abstract":"Single wire earth return (SWER) systems are a widely applied, low cost electrification method used in many rural areas. In central queensland a single SWER system supplying approximately 100 kW may extend more than 300 km. Many SWER systems include shunt reactors to control the effects of the line charging capacitance. One effect, the Ferranti effect, causes the line voltage to rise with the distance. In three phase distribution systems this effect is not visible but in SWER systems, this effect makes it difficult to maintain the consumers supply within the acceptable regulation range. As the second effect, the loading of the SWER system supply transformer increases. Controllable shunt reactors are used as one solution to the aforementioned problems. Stanage Bay feeder in central queensland area has been chosen for the installation of the designed shunt reactor. Stange Bay feeder is supplied by an isolating transformer with the total capacity of 150 kVA and the voltage level of 22 kV. Using the Stanage Bay feeder, this paper details the process of design and simulation of a suitable switch reactor. This step has been carried out by firstly, the design of the switch reactor and secondly, the proper modelling of the designed reactor for the voltage regulation studies.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121620663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651469
M. El-werfelli, R. Dunn, M. Redfern, J. Brooks
During last few years many blackouts have been experienced throughout the world. It seems that modern power systems are more exposed to major blackouts. Studying and analyzing real-world blackouts can play a very important role in the avoidance of such events. In this paper, the experience of 8th November Libyan blackout is presented. The blackout is studied and analyzed from a dynamic point of view. A comparison between the Libyan blackout and some international blackout is also introduced. Some suggestions and solutions are given to improve the security of the system during future major disturbances.
{"title":"Analysis of the national 8th November 2003 Libyan blackout","authors":"M. El-werfelli, R. Dunn, M. Redfern, J. Brooks","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651469","url":null,"abstract":"During last few years many blackouts have been experienced throughout the world. It seems that modern power systems are more exposed to major blackouts. Studying and analyzing real-world blackouts can play a very important role in the avoidance of such events. In this paper, the experience of 8th November Libyan blackout is presented. The blackout is studied and analyzed from a dynamic point of view. A comparison between the Libyan blackout and some international blackout is also introduced. Some suggestions and solutions are given to improve the security of the system during future major disturbances.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121159486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651591
S. Salman, J. Gibb, I. Macdonald
Environmental and economical pressures experienced in recent years, have led to the promotion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar and tidal. This paper reports the design and development of a prototype tidal power based-electrical plant. It outlines the basic principles of the Rotech Tidal turbine (RTT) for extracting tidal power, converting it to rotating mechanical power to drive a synchronous generator which outputs electrical power. The paper also discusses the design of the interfacing circuit between the plant and the grid with particular emphasis on the compliance to appropriate electrical standards which govern the integration of a renewable energy based power plant into a grid.
{"title":"Integration of tidal power based-electrical plant into a grid","authors":"S. Salman, J. Gibb, I. Macdonald","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651591","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental and economical pressures experienced in recent years, have led to the promotion of electricity generation from renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar and tidal. This paper reports the design and development of a prototype tidal power based-electrical plant. It outlines the basic principles of the Rotech Tidal turbine (RTT) for extracting tidal power, converting it to rotating mechanical power to drive a synchronous generator which outputs electrical power. The paper also discusses the design of the interfacing circuit between the plant and the grid with particular emphasis on the compliance to appropriate electrical standards which govern the integration of a renewable energy based power plant into a grid.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115274182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651614
A. Borghetti, M. Bosetti, C. Nucci, M. Paolone, G. Ciappi, A. Solari
The paper presents the analysis of black-startup and islanding capabilities of an 80 MW combined cycle power plant. The analysis is carried out by means of a computer dynamic simulator suitably developed in the EMTP-RV simulation environment in order to represent both the power plant and the local network with the relevant loads. The paper describes the main characteristics of the implemented models and presents the analysis of transients due to both energization and islanding manoeuvres. The former simulations aim at verifying the feasibility of the energization of the path from a turbo gas unit, with autonomous black-start capabilities, to the local distribution network loads. The latter simulations allow the analysis of different islanding strategies for rather large levels of power exported to the external transmission network.
{"title":"Analysis of black-startup and islanding capabilities of a combined cycle power plant","authors":"A. Borghetti, M. Bosetti, C. Nucci, M. Paolone, G. Ciappi, A. Solari","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651614","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the analysis of black-startup and islanding capabilities of an 80 MW combined cycle power plant. The analysis is carried out by means of a computer dynamic simulator suitably developed in the EMTP-RV simulation environment in order to represent both the power plant and the local network with the relevant loads. The paper describes the main characteristics of the implemented models and presents the analysis of transients due to both energization and islanding manoeuvres. The former simulations aim at verifying the feasibility of the energization of the path from a turbo gas unit, with autonomous black-start capabilities, to the local distribution network loads. The latter simulations allow the analysis of different islanding strategies for rather large levels of power exported to the external transmission network.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115828739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651489
F. Bignucolo, R. Caldon, M. Frigo, A. Morini, A. Pitto, F. Silvestro
The growing penetration of GD in distribution networks determines a complete redeployment of power flows along distribution feeders, thus causing altered voltage profiles and new issues in protection reliability. This paper addresses the issue of island opening operation, by using detailed models of GD sources and analyzing the frequency and voltage oscillations induced by islanding in different condition of power flow on the interrupted branch. The aim is to identify which network conditions should be considered as possible causes of loss-of-main protection bad operation.
{"title":"Impact of distributed generation on network security: Effects on loss-of-main protection reliability","authors":"F. Bignucolo, R. Caldon, M. Frigo, A. Morini, A. Pitto, F. Silvestro","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651489","url":null,"abstract":"The growing penetration of GD in distribution networks determines a complete redeployment of power flows along distribution feeders, thus causing altered voltage profiles and new issues in protection reliability. This paper addresses the issue of island opening operation, by using detailed models of GD sources and analyzing the frequency and voltage oscillations induced by islanding in different condition of power flow on the interrupted branch. The aim is to identify which network conditions should be considered as possible causes of loss-of-main protection bad operation.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125109769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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