Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651554
S. Boljevic, M. Conlon
Electrical power production from distributed generation (DG) is playing an increasing role in the supply of electricity in liberalised electricity markets. Currently DG is attracting both distribution utilities and electricity users, as it can provide meaningful advantages to both. The increasing demand on the distribution network (DN) imposed by new DG such as renewable sources and Combined Heat Power (CHP) will impact on the operation of the DN in a number of areas including short-circuit (SC) current and voltage levels. In general, all new DG causes some increase in fault levels. An increase in CHP generation, that would be most likely to occur in urban DN, would lead to an increase in fault level issues as urban networks tend to have the lowest fault level headroom. The aim of this paper is to use the methodology of the latest edition of the IEC 60909 standard to calculate the maximum fault level in a DN with DG connected at MV/LV level. The application of the methodology is demonstrated using fictitious networks resembling typical DN configuration applied in commercial buildings where continuity of power supply is very important. A discussion is also included on potential measures available to reduce the fault level.
{"title":"The contribution to distribution network short-circuit current level from the connection of distributed generation","authors":"S. Boljevic, M. Conlon","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651554","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical power production from distributed generation (DG) is playing an increasing role in the supply of electricity in liberalised electricity markets. Currently DG is attracting both distribution utilities and electricity users, as it can provide meaningful advantages to both. The increasing demand on the distribution network (DN) imposed by new DG such as renewable sources and Combined Heat Power (CHP) will impact on the operation of the DN in a number of areas including short-circuit (SC) current and voltage levels. In general, all new DG causes some increase in fault levels. An increase in CHP generation, that would be most likely to occur in urban DN, would lead to an increase in fault level issues as urban networks tend to have the lowest fault level headroom. The aim of this paper is to use the methodology of the latest edition of the IEC 60909 standard to calculate the maximum fault level in a DN with DG connected at MV/LV level. The application of the methodology is demonstrated using fictitious networks resembling typical DN configuration applied in commercial buildings where continuity of power supply is very important. A discussion is also included on potential measures available to reduce the fault level.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130973451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651476
M. Savaghebi, A. Gholami, A. Vahedi, H. Hooshyar
In this paper, a new method is proposed for transformer dynamic loading capability assessment using fuzzy modeling. Firstly, the hot spot temperature is estimated by fuzzy thermal model and then is compared with the temperatures obtained by measurement and IEEE thermal model. Afterwards, the method of dynamic loadability assessment is described and implemented by the fuzzy model. Comparison between the results obtained by the fuzzy thermal model and the IEEE model demonstrates the usefulness of the fuzzy model application.
{"title":"A fuzzy-based approach for transformer dynamic loading capability assessment","authors":"M. Savaghebi, A. Gholami, A. Vahedi, H. Hooshyar","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651476","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new method is proposed for transformer dynamic loading capability assessment using fuzzy modeling. Firstly, the hot spot temperature is estimated by fuzzy thermal model and then is compared with the temperatures obtained by measurement and IEEE thermal model. Afterwards, the method of dynamic loadability assessment is described and implemented by the fuzzy model. Comparison between the results obtained by the fuzzy thermal model and the IEEE model demonstrates the usefulness of the fuzzy model application.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132780612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651560
M. Sedighizadeh, A. Rezazadeh, M. Khatibi
Nonlinear characteristics of wind turbines and electric generators necessitate that grid connected wind energy conversion systems (WECS) use nonlinear controls. In this paper, we will propose a self-tuning PID control based on Lyapunov approach for WECS control. This self-tuning PID control is founded on the combination of two controllers, i.e. a self-tuning PID controller, which drives the tracking error to zero with user specified dynamics, and a supervisory controller, based on crude bounds of the systempsilas nonlinearities. The supervisory controller guarantees the stability of closed-loop nonlinear PID control system. The form of the supervisory control and the adaptation law are derived from a Lyapunov analysis of stability. The results are applied to a typical WECS, presenting the ability of the proposed method.
{"title":"A self-tuning PID control for a wind energy conversion system based on the Lyapunov approach","authors":"M. Sedighizadeh, A. Rezazadeh, M. Khatibi","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651560","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear characteristics of wind turbines and electric generators necessitate that grid connected wind energy conversion systems (WECS) use nonlinear controls. In this paper, we will propose a self-tuning PID control based on Lyapunov approach for WECS control. This self-tuning PID control is founded on the combination of two controllers, i.e. a self-tuning PID controller, which drives the tracking error to zero with user specified dynamics, and a supervisory controller, based on crude bounds of the systempsilas nonlinearities. The supervisory controller guarantees the stability of closed-loop nonlinear PID control system. The form of the supervisory control and the adaptation law are derived from a Lyapunov analysis of stability. The results are applied to a typical WECS, presenting the ability of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114914673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651632
I. Said, H. Hussain
Public concern related to the adverse health effects of magnetic fields emanating from overhead power transmission lines resulted in a growing need to develop methods aimed at reducing such hazards. This paper presents the results of magnetic field simulation studies conducted on the quadruple tower transmission lines currently used in Malaysia. The results of the simulation studies were categorized to indicate the best conductor phase arrangement for lowest peak magnetic field, lowest average magnetic field and lowest magnetic field at the edge of the right-of-way. It was found that magnetic field reduction of more than 91.5% can be achieved using proper conductor phase arrangement.
{"title":"Computation of magnetic field from quadruple tower transmission lines in Malaysia","authors":"I. Said, H. Hussain","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651632","url":null,"abstract":"Public concern related to the adverse health effects of magnetic fields emanating from overhead power transmission lines resulted in a growing need to develop methods aimed at reducing such hazards. This paper presents the results of magnetic field simulation studies conducted on the quadruple tower transmission lines currently used in Malaysia. The results of the simulation studies were categorized to indicate the best conductor phase arrangement for lowest peak magnetic field, lowest average magnetic field and lowest magnetic field at the edge of the right-of-way. It was found that magnetic field reduction of more than 91.5% can be achieved using proper conductor phase arrangement.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"104-B 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117296255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651624
T. Soerensen, J. Holboell
This paper theoretically examines the required insulation lengths and clearances in 400 kV overhead line systems when not making use of grounded shield wires as lightning protection. The influence of lightning strikes on the insulator flashover rate in the system is investigated based on dynamic transmission line simulations of a 400 kV section in PSCAD/EMTDC. The performance of the system without shield wires is considerably deteriorated if no steps are taken to increase the insulation level of the system. However by considerably increasing the insulator lengths and clearances in the system the performance can be improved.
{"title":"Insulator and clearance requirements in overhead line transmission systems without shield wires","authors":"T. Soerensen, J. Holboell","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651624","url":null,"abstract":"This paper theoretically examines the required insulation lengths and clearances in 400 kV overhead line systems when not making use of grounded shield wires as lightning protection. The influence of lightning strikes on the insulator flashover rate in the system is investigated based on dynamic transmission line simulations of a 400 kV section in PSCAD/EMTDC. The performance of the system without shield wires is considerably deteriorated if no steps are taken to increase the insulation level of the system. However by considerably increasing the insulator lengths and clearances in the system the performance can be improved.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123592677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651519
N. M. Kohan, M. P. Moghaddam, S. M. Bidaki, G. Yousefi
In the electricity market, it is highly desirable for suppliers to know the electrical behavior of their customers, in order to provide them with satisfactory services at the least cost. One of the most important objectives in such case is designing tariff for customers. Electricity providers have been given new degrees of freedom in defining tariff structures and rates under regulatory-imposed revenue caps. This requires a suitable grouping of the electricity consumers into customer classes. Therefore, investigation of optimum clustering algorithm is of great practical concept. In this paper a modified K-means algorithm is adopted for customer clustering. This method is then compared with other clustering algorithms including classical K-means and hierarchical methods.
{"title":"COmparison Of Modified K-means and hierarchical algorithms in customers load curves clustering for designing suitable tariffs in electricity market","authors":"N. M. Kohan, M. P. Moghaddam, S. M. Bidaki, G. Yousefi","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651519","url":null,"abstract":"In the electricity market, it is highly desirable for suppliers to know the electrical behavior of their customers, in order to provide them with satisfactory services at the least cost. One of the most important objectives in such case is designing tariff for customers. Electricity providers have been given new degrees of freedom in defining tariff structures and rates under regulatory-imposed revenue caps. This requires a suitable grouping of the electricity consumers into customer classes. Therefore, investigation of optimum clustering algorithm is of great practical concept. In this paper a modified K-means algorithm is adopted for customer clustering. This method is then compared with other clustering algorithms including classical K-means and hierarchical methods.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123610662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651621
F. Massaro, L. Dusonchet
The advent of electricity market deregulation, the increased operating and overload temperatures of transmission line conductors have caused concern among TSOs (Transmission System Operators) and DSOs (Distribution System Operators) about the effect of elevated temperatures on conventional bare conductors of existing line. Nowadays building new lines is very difficult cause of increased costs to obtain rights of way, public intervention, etc.... Cost and lead times required to place new lines into service are now increased and the business in electric market is reduced for the limited possibility of transmission. Therefore, utilities are attempting to gain as much capacity as possible modifying operation on existing lines. In the past, utilities have been conservative in rating their lines; today the uncertainties in parameters which influence conductor temperature, with a better understanding of environmental conditions and improvements in monitoring instruments and sophisticated analysis tools, utilities are rating lines at higher temperatures with higher level of confidence than in the past. In this paper will be discussed the effects of high temperature plastic creep elongation on the sags and tensions for a conventional conductor. Using equations developed by IEEE Std. the predicted creep for a conductor under high temperature operation can be calculated. The aim of this paper is to provide general recommendations to maintain adequate ground clearance for the safe operation of a line; itpsilas possible to operate at a higher temperature if the associated negative effects are adequately understood, considered and managed.
{"title":"Risk evaluation and creep in conventional conductors caused by high temperature operation","authors":"F. Massaro, L. Dusonchet","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651621","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of electricity market deregulation, the increased operating and overload temperatures of transmission line conductors have caused concern among TSOs (Transmission System Operators) and DSOs (Distribution System Operators) about the effect of elevated temperatures on conventional bare conductors of existing line. Nowadays building new lines is very difficult cause of increased costs to obtain rights of way, public intervention, etc.... Cost and lead times required to place new lines into service are now increased and the business in electric market is reduced for the limited possibility of transmission. Therefore, utilities are attempting to gain as much capacity as possible modifying operation on existing lines. In the past, utilities have been conservative in rating their lines; today the uncertainties in parameters which influence conductor temperature, with a better understanding of environmental conditions and improvements in monitoring instruments and sophisticated analysis tools, utilities are rating lines at higher temperatures with higher level of confidence than in the past. In this paper will be discussed the effects of high temperature plastic creep elongation on the sags and tensions for a conventional conductor. Using equations developed by IEEE Std. the predicted creep for a conductor under high temperature operation can be calculated. The aim of this paper is to provide general recommendations to maintain adequate ground clearance for the safe operation of a line; itpsilas possible to operate at a higher temperature if the associated negative effects are adequately understood, considered and managed.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123733721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651565
T. Hammons
This paper discusses the role of tidal power in the UK in fulfilling the UKpsilas requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Generating electricity from tidal range of the Severn Estuary has the potential to generate some 5% of UK electricity from a renewable indigenous resource. A study is underway to: (1) assess in broad terms the costs, benefits and impact of a project to generate power from the tidal range of the Severn Estuary, including environmental, social, regional, economic, and energy market impacts; (2) identify a single preferred tidal range project (which may be a single technology/location or a combination of these) from the number of options that have been proposed; (3) consider what measures the government could put in place to bring forward a project that fulfils regulatory requirements, and the steps that are necessary to achieve this; and (4) decide, in the context of the governmentpsilas energy and climate change goals and the alternative options for achieving these, and after public consultation, whether the government could support a tidal power project in the Severn Estuary and on what terms. The study is expected to last roughly two years (until January 2010). Under consideration is tidal range, including barrages, lagoons and other technologies, and includes a strategic environmental assessment of plans for generating electricity from the Severn Estuary tidal range to ensure a detailed understanding of its environmental resource recognising the nature conservation significance of the Estuary. The scheme would use proven technology of a hydroelectric dam but filled by the incoming tide rather than by water flowing downstream. The Severn Estuary has some of the best tidal potential in the world and could more than double the current UK supply of renewable electricity and contribute significantly to targets for renewable energy and CO2 emissions reduction. The scheme would have a capacity of 8640 MW and produce roughly 17 TWhrs/year with a load factor of 0.22.
{"title":"Tidal Power in the United Kingdom","authors":"T. Hammons","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651565","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the role of tidal power in the UK in fulfilling the UKpsilas requirements for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Generating electricity from tidal range of the Severn Estuary has the potential to generate some 5% of UK electricity from a renewable indigenous resource. A study is underway to: (1) assess in broad terms the costs, benefits and impact of a project to generate power from the tidal range of the Severn Estuary, including environmental, social, regional, economic, and energy market impacts; (2) identify a single preferred tidal range project (which may be a single technology/location or a combination of these) from the number of options that have been proposed; (3) consider what measures the government could put in place to bring forward a project that fulfils regulatory requirements, and the steps that are necessary to achieve this; and (4) decide, in the context of the governmentpsilas energy and climate change goals and the alternative options for achieving these, and after public consultation, whether the government could support a tidal power project in the Severn Estuary and on what terms. The study is expected to last roughly two years (until January 2010). Under consideration is tidal range, including barrages, lagoons and other technologies, and includes a strategic environmental assessment of plans for generating electricity from the Severn Estuary tidal range to ensure a detailed understanding of its environmental resource recognising the nature conservation significance of the Estuary. The scheme would use proven technology of a hydroelectric dam but filled by the incoming tide rather than by water flowing downstream. The Severn Estuary has some of the best tidal potential in the world and could more than double the current UK supply of renewable electricity and contribute significantly to targets for renewable energy and CO2 emissions reduction. The scheme would have a capacity of 8640 MW and produce roughly 17 TWhrs/year with a load factor of 0.22.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121908123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651493
H. Shateri, S. Jamali
This paper investigates the measured impedance by a distance relay considering the transmission line capacitance by utilizing a pi model for the line. The distance relay ideal tripping characteristic is presented. The measured impedance and the tripping characteristic are compared with those of in the case of neglecting the line capacitance. In the case of zero fault resistance, especial attention is paid to the deviation of the measured impedance from its actual value caused by the line capacitance.
{"title":"Measured impedance at relaying point considering transmission line capacitance","authors":"H. Shateri, S. Jamali","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651493","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the measured impedance by a distance relay considering the transmission line capacitance by utilizing a pi model for the line. The distance relay ideal tripping characteristic is presented. The measured impedance and the tripping characteristic are compared with those of in the case of neglecting the line capacitance. In the case of zero fault resistance, especial attention is paid to the deviation of the measured impedance from its actual value caused by the line capacitance.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128420047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-12-16DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651576
E. Castronuovo, J. Usaola
The modern technologies used to generate electricity from renewable sources allow some control abilities of the production. These abilities can be required when the system is at risk by the System Operator. When facing a contingence, the System Operator could specify maximum values of renewable production in zones of the system. Delegated Dispatches of renewable production are zonal intermediate entities, responsible of calculating the optimal profile of renewable generations in the region reaching the System Operator restrictions. In the present paper, the economic exchanges in a Delegated Dispatch are analyzed. The renewable producers bid control prices to the Delegated Dispatch in a market-based procedure. After the operation, the control costs are proportionally shared among the producers. A realistic test in a Spanish distribution grid shows the efficiency of the proposed method.
{"title":"Economical balances within a delegate dispatch of renewable generations","authors":"E. Castronuovo, J. Usaola","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2008.4651576","url":null,"abstract":"The modern technologies used to generate electricity from renewable sources allow some control abilities of the production. These abilities can be required when the system is at risk by the System Operator. When facing a contingence, the System Operator could specify maximum values of renewable production in zones of the system. Delegated Dispatches of renewable production are zonal intermediate entities, responsible of calculating the optimal profile of renewable generations in the region reaching the System Operator restrictions. In the present paper, the economic exchanges in a Delegated Dispatch are analyzed. The renewable producers bid control prices to the Delegated Dispatch in a market-based procedure. After the operation, the control costs are proportionally shared among the producers. A realistic test in a Spanish distribution grid shows the efficiency of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":287461,"journal":{"name":"2008 43rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128153395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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