Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch008
L. Jones-Esan
This chapter examines the performance of microfinance institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa through observations from different perspectives. It examined the effects of microfinance institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Relevant literature on the sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions are also analysed in this chapter. Sub-Saharan Africa's future achievement of necessary economic growth is very likely to depend partly on its ability to develop its economic and financial sectors to be more inclusive of small and medium enterprises in a more comprehensive way. Currently, microfinance directly promotes the development of the intermediate financial sector in Africa, which is positively correlated with economic growth. Despite the worsening of the current industrial crisis, microfinance is seen as an essential developmental tool and continues to grow in Sub-Saharan Africa.
{"title":"Analysis of the Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"L. Jones-Esan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the performance of microfinance institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa through observations from different perspectives. It examined the effects of microfinance institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Relevant literature on the sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions are also analysed in this chapter. Sub-Saharan Africa's future achievement of necessary economic growth is very likely to depend partly on its ability to develop its economic and financial sectors to be more inclusive of small and medium enterprises in a more comprehensive way. Currently, microfinance directly promotes the development of the intermediate financial sector in Africa, which is positively correlated with economic growth. Despite the worsening of the current industrial crisis, microfinance is seen as an essential developmental tool and continues to grow in Sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch006
O. Kachkar, Marwa Alfares
Alleviating poverty and inequality are among the central objectives of zakah in the Islamic economic system. These objectives are also on top of the 17 SDGs of the UN 2030 Agenda. This research argues that microenterprise support programs (MSPs) have been proven as effective tools in combating poverty. However, lack of funds has always been a major challenge for the sustainability of those programs. Channeling zakah funds to MSPs will directly contribute to empowering deprived populations and helping them to lift themselves out of the poverty cycle. Two zakah-based MSPs have been analyzed in this chapter. The first one is the Asnaf Entrepreneurship Program of Lembaga Zakah, Malaysia and the second one is Baitul Maal Muamalat Indonesia (BMMI). According to literature, using zakah in (MSPs) requires a strict implementation of best practices including screening program beneficiaries, providing professional training and monitoring to businesses, and finally applying a graduation scheme.
减轻贫困和不平等是伊斯兰经济体系天课的中心目标之一。这些目标也位于联合国2030年议程17项可持续发展目标之上。本研究认为，微型企业支持计划(MSPs)已被证明是对抗贫困的有效工具。然而，缺乏资金一直是这些项目可持续性的主要挑战。将天课资金输送给msp将直接有助于赋予贫困人口权力，并帮助他们摆脱贫困循环。本章分析了两种基于天卡的msp。第一个是马来西亚兰巴加扎卡的阿斯纳夫创业计划，第二个是印度尼西亚的Baitul Maal Muamalat (BMMI)。根据文献，在msp中使用天课需要严格执行最佳实践，包括筛选计划受益人，为企业提供专业培训和监督，最后应用毕业计划。
{"title":"Islamic Social Finance: Integrating Zakah Funds in Microfinance and Microenterprise Support Programs","authors":"O. Kachkar, Marwa Alfares","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"Alleviating poverty and inequality are among the central objectives of zakah in the Islamic economic system. These objectives are also on top of the 17 SDGs of the UN 2030 Agenda. This research argues that microenterprise support programs (MSPs) have been proven as effective tools in combating poverty. However, lack of funds has always been a major challenge for the sustainability of those programs. Channeling zakah funds to MSPs will directly contribute to empowering deprived populations and helping them to lift themselves out of the poverty cycle. Two zakah-based MSPs have been analyzed in this chapter. The first one is the Asnaf Entrepreneurship Program of Lembaga Zakah, Malaysia and the second one is Baitul Maal Muamalat Indonesia (BMMI). According to literature, using zakah in (MSPs) requires a strict implementation of best practices including screening program beneficiaries, providing professional training and monitoring to businesses, and finally applying a graduation scheme.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121175328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch005
Yahaya Alhassan, U. Nwagbara, Samuel Salia
This chapter examined the factors that affect the use of microfinance for microbusiness development in Ghana. The study employed semi-structured survey questionnaire to determine whether an entrepreneur's personal attributes impede or facilitate microbusiness development in Ghana. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the effects of entrepreneur's personal attributes on the monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that received credit from a microfinance provider in the northern region of Ghana. The findings of the study suggest that micro-entrepreneur prior work experience, occupation, and prior income facilitate the use of microfinance for microbusiness development. These findings have policy implications for the government of Ghana and other agencies that are interested in using microfinance as a catalyst for economic growth in deprived communities in the country.
{"title":"Analysis of Factors That Affect the Use of Microfinance for Microbusiness Development in Ghana","authors":"Yahaya Alhassan, U. Nwagbara, Samuel Salia","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examined the factors that affect the use of microfinance for microbusiness development in Ghana. The study employed semi-structured survey questionnaire to determine whether an entrepreneur's personal attributes impede or facilitate microbusiness development in Ghana. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the effects of entrepreneur's personal attributes on the monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that received credit from a microfinance provider in the northern region of Ghana. The findings of the study suggest that micro-entrepreneur prior work experience, occupation, and prior income facilitate the use of microfinance for microbusiness development. These findings have policy implications for the government of Ghana and other agencies that are interested in using microfinance as a catalyst for economic growth in deprived communities in the country.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127922202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch002
N. Baporikar
Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship development are crucial for social and economic development. Various studies highlight and reckon this aspect of entrepreneurship development both in developed and developing economies. However, entrepreneurship development though the aim of many developing economies, the growth rate of entrepreneurs is not satisfactory. One of the prominent reasons for this is attributable to financing or lack of financing. Hence, adopting a systematic literature review method the aim of this chapter is to review critically the role of microfinance for entrepreneurship development. Further, the chapter provides solutions and recommendations for proper microfinancing to boost entrepreneurship development.
{"title":"Role of Microfinance in Entrepreneurship Development","authors":"N. Baporikar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship development are crucial for social and economic development. Various studies highlight and reckon this aspect of entrepreneurship development both in developed and developing economies. However, entrepreneurship development though the aim of many developing economies, the growth rate of entrepreneurs is not satisfactory. One of the prominent reasons for this is attributable to financing or lack of financing. Hence, adopting a systematic literature review method the aim of this chapter is to review critically the role of microfinance for entrepreneurship development. Further, the chapter provides solutions and recommendations for proper microfinancing to boost entrepreneurship development.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129945941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch003
Yahaya Alhassan, Francis Kuagbela, Caesar D. Nurokina, B. Appiah
This chapter examines the role of microfinance in developing countries, particularly Ghana and Nigeria. The chapter begins with an overview of the link between microfinance, poverty, and women empowerment in the chapter introduction. The background to the chapter sets out the main difference between microfinance and microcredit. The role of microfinance in contemporary development finance is then discussed. In this context, existing literature on the role of microfinance in reducing poverty, women empowerment, and microenterprise growth is extensively reviewed. Key solutions and recommendations are then presented next, followed by future research direction and the chapter conclusion.
{"title":"The Role of Microfinance in Africa","authors":"Yahaya Alhassan, Francis Kuagbela, Caesar D. Nurokina, B. Appiah","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the role of microfinance in developing countries, particularly Ghana and Nigeria. The chapter begins with an overview of the link between microfinance, poverty, and women empowerment in the chapter introduction. The background to the chapter sets out the main difference between microfinance and microcredit. The role of microfinance in contemporary development finance is then discussed. In this context, existing literature on the role of microfinance in reducing poverty, women empowerment, and microenterprise growth is extensively reviewed. Key solutions and recommendations are then presented next, followed by future research direction and the chapter conclusion.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115582129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch001
Yahaya Alhassan, Samuel Salia, U. Nwagbara
This chapter applies the control group experiment to study whether microfinance improved microbusiness growth in Ghana. According to this approach, statistically significant difference in the outcome between treatment and control groups is an indication of impact of the microcredit on microbusiness development. Thus, this chapter compares the mean monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that received microfinance (the treatment group) and the mean monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that did not receive microfinance (the non-treatment group) in seven municipalities identified by various non-governmental organisations as areas of financial exclusion in the Northern Region of Ghana using survey data. Results indicate that microfinance impacted positively on microbusiness development. These findings have policy implications for the government of Ghana and agencies that are interested in using microfinance as a catalyst for economic growth in deprived communities in other countries.
{"title":"Microfinance Impact on Microbusiness Development in Africa","authors":"Yahaya Alhassan, Samuel Salia, U. Nwagbara","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter applies the control group experiment to study whether microfinance improved microbusiness growth in Ghana. According to this approach, statistically significant difference in the outcome between treatment and control groups is an indication of impact of the microcredit on microbusiness development. Thus, this chapter compares the mean monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that received microfinance (the treatment group) and the mean monthly sales, number of employees, business assets, and capital stock of microbusinesses that did not receive microfinance (the non-treatment group) in seven municipalities identified by various non-governmental organisations as areas of financial exclusion in the Northern Region of Ghana using survey data. Results indicate that microfinance impacted positively on microbusiness development. These findings have policy implications for the government of Ghana and agencies that are interested in using microfinance as a catalyst for economic growth in deprived communities in other countries.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115430451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch011
M. Adele
This chapter examines the impact that the concept of “sustainable development” in the Nigerian oil and gas industry has had and is likely to have upon the development of energy, resources, and economic growth in the future of Nigeria upon the focus and scope of energy, resource, and environmental law practice associated with that development. The chapter will adopt the definition of sustainable development as articulated in the Brundtland Report by the World Commission on Environment and Development. It will examine the legal status of Sections 10 and 12 of the Nigerian Oil Industry Content Development Act 2010 and its implication on international trade and sustainable development. The chapter argues that Sections 10 and 12 of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Act 2010 do not reflect the meaning and intention of the Brundtland's definition of sustainable development, which evinces normative values, values of equity, and justice for all.
{"title":"The Shortfalls of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Act 2010 in Achieving Sustainable Development","authors":"M. Adele","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the impact that the concept of “sustainable development” in the Nigerian oil and gas industry has had and is likely to have upon the development of energy, resources, and economic growth in the future of Nigeria upon the focus and scope of energy, resource, and environmental law practice associated with that development. The chapter will adopt the definition of sustainable development as articulated in the Brundtland Report by the World Commission on Environment and Development. It will examine the legal status of Sections 10 and 12 of the Nigerian Oil Industry Content Development Act 2010 and its implication on international trade and sustainable development. The chapter argues that Sections 10 and 12 of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Act 2010 do not reflect the meaning and intention of the Brundtland's definition of sustainable development, which evinces normative values, values of equity, and justice for all.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122181234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch012
C. Ugwoji
This chapter explores the nexus between developmental social work (DSW) and sustainable development in Nigeria with the specific aim of outlining the issues, challenges, and opportunities involved therein as they affect Nigeria's social development and social work. Social work, which promotes the advancement of social wellbeing, social change, empowerment, and liberation of the vulnerable groups, is an integral concept of DSW. DSW maps out a new direction for social work practice, offering processes to address the causes of societal dysfunction and socioeconomic challenges faced by the people. This approach could be used to tackle Nigeria's social issues and poverty. This chapter argues that there is overlap for DSW to promote and contribute to the realisation of sustainable development, the literary and documentary sources, and the review thereof shows that there is a relationship between DSW and sustainable development as both are geared towards promoting the welfare of the people.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Developmental Social Work, Poverty Alleviation, and Sustainable Development in Nigeria","authors":"C. Ugwoji","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the nexus between developmental social work (DSW) and sustainable development in Nigeria with the specific aim of outlining the issues, challenges, and opportunities involved therein as they affect Nigeria's social development and social work. Social work, which promotes the advancement of social wellbeing, social change, empowerment, and liberation of the vulnerable groups, is an integral concept of DSW. DSW maps out a new direction for social work practice, offering processes to address the causes of societal dysfunction and socioeconomic challenges faced by the people. This approach could be used to tackle Nigeria's social issues and poverty. This chapter argues that there is overlap for DSW to promote and contribute to the realisation of sustainable development, the literary and documentary sources, and the review thereof shows that there is a relationship between DSW and sustainable development as both are geared towards promoting the welfare of the people.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126734896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch007
Victoria Temitope, Seema Sharma
The aim of this study is to investigate the entrepreneurial success factors of Nigerian women entrepreneurs based in the UK. An exploratory case study approach was used to gather the primary data from 15 small businesses run by Nigerian women entrepreneurs in the UK. The data collection was conducted through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, observations, and published sources. The data was thematically analysed using NVivo. The main findings indicated that Nigerian women entrepreneurs in the UK primarily depend on personal traits, self-funding, work experience, personal satisfaction, physical networking, and family support for business success. The most significant entrepreneurial success factor was the personal success factor. The study provided feasible recommendations for Nigerian women entrepreneurs based in the UK to put emphasis on environmental success factors and online networking, taking advantage of social media platforms for easy and quicker reach of more customers and business partners.
{"title":"Investigating Entrepreneurial Success Factors of Businesses Owned by Nigerian Women in the UK","authors":"Victoria Temitope, Seema Sharma","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the entrepreneurial success factors of Nigerian women entrepreneurs based in the UK. An exploratory case study approach was used to gather the primary data from 15 small businesses run by Nigerian women entrepreneurs in the UK. The data collection was conducted through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, observations, and published sources. The data was thematically analysed using NVivo. The main findings indicated that Nigerian women entrepreneurs in the UK primarily depend on personal traits, self-funding, work experience, personal satisfaction, physical networking, and family support for business success. The most significant entrepreneurial success factor was the personal success factor. The study provided feasible recommendations for Nigerian women entrepreneurs based in the UK to put emphasis on environmental success factors and online networking, taking advantage of social media platforms for easy and quicker reach of more customers and business partners.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117312793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch009
Emmanuel E. Oghosanine
Small and medium-scale enterprises around the world go through several challenges in a bid to achieve success. Many studies argue SMEs face challenges in different areas; some are critical for success whilst other are not. One of the critical challenges put forward by several studies is finding appropriate funding. Academics have described funds as the blood of every business and a key element that prescribes the supply of entrepreneurship. The challenge of funding remains a problem around the world both in developing and underdeveloped environments. The chapter provides insight into the funding issues faced by SMEs and provides practiced ways in which businesses in developing and underdeveloped environments can address the issue of funding.
{"title":"SME Financing","authors":"Emmanuel E. Oghosanine","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7499-7.ch009","url":null,"abstract":"Small and medium-scale enterprises around the world go through several challenges in a bid to achieve success. Many studies argue SMEs face challenges in different areas; some are critical for success whilst other are not. One of the critical challenges put forward by several studies is finding appropriate funding. Academics have described funds as the blood of every business and a key element that prescribes the supply of entrepreneurship. The challenge of funding remains a problem around the world both in developing and underdeveloped environments. The chapter provides insight into the funding issues faced by SMEs and provides practiced ways in which businesses in developing and underdeveloped environments can address the issue of funding.","PeriodicalId":287527,"journal":{"name":"Microfinance and Sustainable Development in Africa","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115316737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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