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Methodology and Truth: Analogies Between Hermeneutics and Post-Positivist Philosophy of Science 方法论与真理:解释学与后实证主义科学哲学的类比
Pub Date : 2009-03-22 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL20094911
P. Parrini
1) Introduction: hermeneutics and natural sciences For a long time--perhaps starting from the famous meeting in Davos in 1929--hermeneutics and the philosophy of science which derived from Neo-positivism and focused especially on exact and natural sciences followed separate ways. The crisis of the Neo-empiricist conception, though, brought some changes. The recovery of Duhem's holism, the focusing on the 'implicit' and 'tacit' components present in the cognitive process, Quine's rejection of the dogmas of analiticity and reductionism, Sellars' criticism of the myth of the datum, the overcoming of the distinction between theoretical and observational language, all these elements together led to the emergence of theses in the field of the philosophy of natural science similar to those maintained in the field of hermeneutics by authors like Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jurgen Habermas and Paul Ricoeur, theses about the hermeneutic circle, pre-understanding, and "prejudices." To tell the truth, the discussion has not led to clear and univocal results yet. Nevertheless, even though it is too early to advance a definite proposal, it seems possible to me to point out the inadequacy of traditional schematizations especially with respect to the epistemological problems of the objectivity and validity of knowledge. Thus, I do not intend to reconstruct the positions of the hermeneutic philosophers I will speak about; (2) rather, I will devote my attention only to their characterisation of hermeneutics in order to underline--in opposition to their intentions--the similarities with the procedure of natural sciences as this procedure is now described by Post-positivistic philosophy of science. The problem is complex and involves many questions, if only because there is no one universally recognised definition of the natural sciences' methodology. Some philosophers refer to the rules of the hypotethical-deductive method, some others to the canons of the inductive method; some refer to the falsification principle and the notion of corroboration, some others to the inductive confirmation. This is not to mention the variety of positions which have been adopted within these two methodological currents. The very question of the unity of method has a long history in which numerous divergences emerged, not only methodological, but also epistemological ones. In order to avoid all these difficulties, I will concentrate on some specific aspects of the traditional way of characterising the method of natural sciences and I will take the following three theses as parameters and starting points of my discourse: I. Natural science's methodology has universal scientific validity. II. The fundamental characteristics of their methodology is their 'being free' from subjective and evalutative prejudices. III. The systematic application of natural sciences' methodology as characterised in thesis (II) is the best guarantee for the obtainment of cognitive objectivity and the progressive appro
在很长一段时间里——也许是从1929年达沃斯的著名会议开始——解释学和源自新实证主义、特别关注精确科学和自然科学的科学哲学走的是不同的道路。然而,新经验主义观念的危机带来了一些变化。迪昂整体论的恢复,对认知过程中“隐式”和“默示”成分的关注,奎因对分析主义和还原论教条的拒绝,塞拉斯对数据神话的批评,理论语言和观察语言之间区别的克服,所有这些因素加在一起,导致自然科学哲学领域出现了类似于汉斯-乔治·伽达默尔、于尔根·哈贝马斯和保罗·里科尔等人在解释学领域所坚持的论点,这些论点涉及解释学循环、预理解和“偏见”。说实话,讨论还没有产生明确的结果。然而,尽管现在提出一个明确的建议还为时过早,但我似乎有可能指出传统图式的不足,特别是关于知识的客观性和有效性的认识论问题。因此,我不打算重建解释学哲学家的立场,我将谈到;(2)相反,我将把我的注意力集中在他们对解释学的描述上,以便强调——与他们的意图相反——与自然科学过程的相似之处,因为这种过程现在被后实证主义科学哲学所描述。这个问题是复杂的,涉及许多问题,如果仅仅是因为没有一个普遍认可的自然科学方法论的定义。一些哲学家参考假设-演绎方法的规则,另一些参考归纳法的准则;有些是指证伪原则和确证的概念,有些是指归纳确证。这还不包括在这两种方法论流派中所采取的各种立场。方法的统一性问题本身就有很长的历史,在这个历史中,不仅出现了方法论上的分歧,而且出现了认识论上的分歧。为了避免所有这些困难,我将集中讨论描述自然科学方法的传统方法的一些具体方面,并将以下三个论点作为我的论述的参数和出发点:1 .自然科学的方法论具有普遍的科学有效性。2他们方法论的基本特征是不受主观偏见和评价偏见的影响。3系统地应用命题(二)所描述的自然科学方法论,是获得认知客观性和逐步接近真理的最佳保证。这些论点可以被认为是“科学主义”哲学家和“解释学”哲学家之间的某种“共同点”。事实上,稍微简化一下,我们可以说,它们表达了许多人对自然科学方法的本质的看法,这些人赞成这种方法的普遍适用性,因此也适用于人文科学,而那些不赞成这种方法的人。在下文中,我将不处理论题(1)的有效性和一般形式的方法论问题。我将只处理与提纲(II)和(III)相关的提纲(I)的那些方面。这些方面涉及认知客观性的认识论问题,或者更好地说,涉及主观预设与知识客观性之间的关系。我将把注意力集中在这样一个事实上,即大多数解释学哲学家将品质(II)和(III)归因于自然科学,而不是人文科学,特别是解释学。…
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引用次数: 0
Interview with Charles Bernstein on Language Poetry 查尔斯·伯恩斯坦对语言诗歌的访谈
Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL2007376
Charles Bernstein, Yubraj Aryal
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引用次数: 0
“Easter 1916”: Yeats’s World War I Poem 《1916年复活节》:叶芝的一战诗
Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL2007373
M. Perloff
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引用次数: 1
Bakhtin on Theory of Novel 巴赫金的小说理论
Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL20062511
C. Brandist
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引用次数: 0
Postmodernism/Fin De Siecle: The Prospects for Openness in a Decade of Clousure 后现代主义/世纪末:封闭十年中的开放前景
Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL20062512
M. Perloff
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引用次数: 1
Interview with Beerendra Pandey 采访Beerendra Pandey
Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL20062421
Beerendra Pandey, Yubraj Aryal
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引用次数: 0
Language and Identity: Bakhtin’s Model of Social Change 语言与身份:巴赫金的社会变迁模型
Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL20062414
Ajay Bhadra Khanal
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引用次数: 0
Representation of Nâd: Semiotics of Sound, Color, and Text n<e:1>的表征:声音、颜色和文字的符号学
Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL20062510
S. Subedi
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引用次数: 0
Interview With Richard Rorty 采访理查德·罗蒂
Pub Date : 1986-11-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL20062513
Rory M. Ryan
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引用次数: 0
A Split In the Colonial Gaze: Cultural and Economic Contradictions in Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko 殖民视野中的分裂:阿弗拉·贝恩的《奥鲁诺科》中的文化与经济矛盾
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5840/JPHILNEPAL2006263
Sanjeev Uprety
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Philosophy: A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry
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