Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915317
C. Kakoyiannis
The Wheeler Cap is the go-to solution for fast, broadband and accurate characterization of the radiation efficiency of compact antennas. Its ability to accurately measure high and medium levels of efficiency is well-documented; however, its capacity for detecting low levels of radiated power remained unknown. Starting from a highly-efficient, canonical antenna, this experimental study added increasing losses by means of precision fixed attenuators, thus creating a radiator with progressively lower, but tightly-controlled, efficiency. The recorded pairs of free-space and shielded measurements were treated by two independent post-processors. The results revealed that the Wheeler cap is capable of measuring very low efficiency levels at least down to −20 dB, or 1%; the worst case deviation from actual efficiency was 0.3 dB. Hence, the Wheeler cap becomes suitable for less common efficiency measurement scenarios, e.g., antennas immersed in lossy and dispersive materials.
{"title":"On the capacity of Wheeler Cap measurements for detecting very low antenna efficiency levels","authors":"C. Kakoyiannis","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915317","url":null,"abstract":"The Wheeler Cap is the go-to solution for fast, broadband and accurate characterization of the radiation efficiency of compact antennas. Its ability to accurately measure high and medium levels of efficiency is well-documented; however, its capacity for detecting low levels of radiated power remained unknown. Starting from a highly-efficient, canonical antenna, this experimental study added increasing losses by means of precision fixed attenuators, thus creating a radiator with progressively lower, but tightly-controlled, efficiency. The recorded pairs of free-space and shielded measurements were treated by two independent post-processors. The results revealed that the Wheeler cap is capable of measuring very low efficiency levels at least down to −20 dB, or 1%; the worst case deviation from actual efficiency was 0.3 dB. Hence, the Wheeler cap becomes suitable for less common efficiency measurement scenarios, e.g., antennas immersed in lossy and dispersive materials.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915313
C. Kourogiorgas, A. Z. Papafragkakis, A. Panagopoulos, Vassileios K. Sakarellos
Cooperative diversity between satellite and terrestrial networks is an effective technique to increase the availability of satellite communications under fading conditions. The integration of satellite communications in 5th Generation mobile networks gives the advantage of a very high coverage area. However, the increased demand for bandwidth at backhaul links has led to the employment of millimeter wave frequencies, where the dominant fading mechanism is rain attenuation. In this paper, the end-to-end outage performance analysis of a satellite-terrestrial cooperative diversity system operating at frequencies above 10 GHz is presented, employing spatially correlated lognormal fading channels. The destination node (e.g. Base Station of 5G access network) combines the direct satellite link signal with a signal received through a terrestrial regenerative (decode-and-forward) relay using the Selection Combining technique. Extended numerical results present the impact of various operational, geometrical and geographical parameters on the system performance.
{"title":"Cooperative diversity performance of hybrid satellite and terrestrial millimeter wave backhaul 5G networks","authors":"C. Kourogiorgas, A. Z. Papafragkakis, A. Panagopoulos, Vassileios K. Sakarellos","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915313","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperative diversity between satellite and terrestrial networks is an effective technique to increase the availability of satellite communications under fading conditions. The integration of satellite communications in 5th Generation mobile networks gives the advantage of a very high coverage area. However, the increased demand for bandwidth at backhaul links has led to the employment of millimeter wave frequencies, where the dominant fading mechanism is rain attenuation. In this paper, the end-to-end outage performance analysis of a satellite-terrestrial cooperative diversity system operating at frequencies above 10 GHz is presented, employing spatially correlated lognormal fading channels. The destination node (e.g. Base Station of 5G access network) combines the direct satellite link signal with a signal received through a terrestrial regenerative (decode-and-forward) relay using the Selection Combining technique. Extended numerical results present the impact of various operational, geometrical and geographical parameters on the system performance.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134145143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915353
Maria-Thaleia Passia, M. Nitas, T. Yioultsis
We present a fully planar, easy to fabricate antenna for millimeter-wave communications, based on a new substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The SIW itself is entirely planar, since it is designed using series of side-by-side complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR), instead of vias, with the CSRR being etched on top and bottom metal ground surfaces that cover the dielectric substrate. This metamaterial-inspired structure provides a single-negative effective material parameter behavior that blocks wave propagation to the perpendicular direction. Hence, two parallel structures of this kind can be used to design an SIW, with propagation losses comparable to the conventional one. The antenna structure is consequently designed, by the use of proper cavities within the substrate and radiating slots on the ground structure and provides an easy to fabricate alternative for millimeter-wave and 5G communications.
{"title":"A fully planar antenna for millimeter-wave and 5G communications based on a new CSRR-enhanced substrate-integrated waveguide","authors":"Maria-Thaleia Passia, M. Nitas, T. Yioultsis","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915353","url":null,"abstract":"We present a fully planar, easy to fabricate antenna for millimeter-wave communications, based on a new substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The SIW itself is entirely planar, since it is designed using series of side-by-side complementary split-ring resonators (CSRR), instead of vias, with the CSRR being etched on top and bottom metal ground surfaces that cover the dielectric substrate. This metamaterial-inspired structure provides a single-negative effective material parameter behavior that blocks wave propagation to the perpendicular direction. Hence, two parallel structures of this kind can be used to design an SIW, with propagation losses comparable to the conventional one. The antenna structure is consequently designed, by the use of proper cavities within the substrate and radiating slots on the ground structure and provides an easy to fabricate alternative for millimeter-wave and 5G communications.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133175284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915282
A. Epstein, G. Eleftheriades
We present a novel design procedure for shielded omega-bianisotropic metasurfaces (O-BMSs), fully reflecting a given incident plane wave into a desirable direction, without any spurious scattering. In previous work, we have proven that passive lossless O-BMSs can be designed to support any given field transformation that satisfies local power conservation. Recently, we have relied on this theorem to devise an accurate design of a perfectly-reflecting O-BMS in unbounded medium, harnessing auxiliary evanescent modes to match the intricate power profile formed by the interfering incident and reflected waves. Nonetheless, for many applications, such as radar cross-section reduction, a configuration in which the reflector is positioned near a perfect electrically conducting (PEC) surface is very common. In this paper, we propose a solution that fits this shielded configuration, utilizing auxiliary modes guided between the close-by PEC and the O-BMS to establish local power conservation, allowing a straightforward analytical design of perfect O-BMS reflectors.
{"title":"Shielded perfect reflectors based on omega-bianisotropic metasurfaces","authors":"A. Epstein, G. Eleftheriades","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915282","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel design procedure for shielded omega-bianisotropic metasurfaces (O-BMSs), fully reflecting a given incident plane wave into a desirable direction, without any spurious scattering. In previous work, we have proven that passive lossless O-BMSs can be designed to support any given field transformation that satisfies local power conservation. Recently, we have relied on this theorem to devise an accurate design of a perfectly-reflecting O-BMS in unbounded medium, harnessing auxiliary evanescent modes to match the intricate power profile formed by the interfering incident and reflected waves. Nonetheless, for many applications, such as radar cross-section reduction, a configuration in which the reflector is positioned near a perfect electrically conducting (PEC) surface is very common. In this paper, we propose a solution that fits this shielded configuration, utilizing auxiliary modes guided between the close-by PEC and the O-BMS to establish local power conservation, allowing a straightforward analytical design of perfect O-BMS reflectors.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"34 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116495581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915394
Shun Nishizaki, T. Nishimura, T. Ohgane, Y. Ogawa
Studies on a massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system have been studied in recent years. In a massive MIMO system, antenna elements are arranged not in one dimension but in two dimensions because very large number of antenna elements are used, and the system is called a full-dimension MIMO. In this paper, we generate channel matrices between a transmitter at a base station and user equipments by using a ray tracing technique and evaluate the channel capacity with different places of a transmit antenna array in an indoor environment. In addition, we introduce block SNR maximization and compare the performance with that of block diagonalization. Sum capacity in the case when the BS is placed at the ceiling is larger than one in the case of placing at the wall.
{"title":"Performance comparison of full-dimension MIMO systems with different base station places","authors":"Shun Nishizaki, T. Nishimura, T. Ohgane, Y. Ogawa","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915394","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on a massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system have been studied in recent years. In a massive MIMO system, antenna elements are arranged not in one dimension but in two dimensions because very large number of antenna elements are used, and the system is called a full-dimension MIMO. In this paper, we generate channel matrices between a transmitter at a base station and user equipments by using a ray tracing technique and evaluate the channel capacity with different places of a transmit antenna array in an indoor environment. In addition, we introduce block SNR maximization and compare the performance with that of block diagonalization. Sum capacity in the case when the BS is placed at the ceiling is larger than one in the case of placing at the wall.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134397738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915315
A. Z. Papafragkakis, A. Panagopoulos
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) networks have recently drawn significant attention as a result of the vast number of potential applications associated with them; however, consensus on the use of a standardized air interface protocol has not been reached yet. Due to their nature, M2M radio networks are expected to be densely populated and therefore prone to Multiple Access interference (MAI); in this paper, a radio interference evaluation framework is used to evaluate the performance of Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) as physical layer (PHY) for broadband M2M indoor networks. Considering an accurate channel model for the indoor environment, simulated results for the intra-network interference are presented. In order to obtain a realistic perspective of the system performance, different scenarios have been studied and the stochastic nature of both the network topology and the channel traffic have been taken into account. Finally, the use of a simple yet efficient power control scheme is proposed and evaluated yielding interesting results.
{"title":"Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband for broadband indoor Machine-to-Machine communication networks: System performance evaluation","authors":"A. Z. Papafragkakis, A. Panagopoulos","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915315","url":null,"abstract":"Machine-to-Machine (M2M) networks have recently drawn significant attention as a result of the vast number of potential applications associated with them; however, consensus on the use of a standardized air interface protocol has not been reached yet. Due to their nature, M2M radio networks are expected to be densely populated and therefore prone to Multiple Access interference (MAI); in this paper, a radio interference evaluation framework is used to evaluate the performance of Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) as physical layer (PHY) for broadband M2M indoor networks. Considering an accurate channel model for the indoor environment, simulated results for the intra-network interference are presented. In order to obtain a realistic perspective of the system performance, different scenarios have been studied and the stochastic nature of both the network topology and the channel traffic have been taken into account. Finally, the use of a simple yet efficient power control scheme is proposed and evaluated yielding interesting results.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133038411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915351
C. Oikonomopoulos-Zachos, E. Stavrou, R. Baggen, O. Litschke
in this paper a dual polarized antenna array with shaped beam for outdoor WiFi access points, e.g. hotspots operating at the upper WiFi frequency band of 5.8 GHz is described. The aperture is composed of 64 waveguide antenna elements. By controlling the amplitude and the phase of only 24 elements, a shaping of the pattern in the main beam is achieved. Both polarisations are also excited by each antenna element. The presented base station array has therefore a broad half power beamwidth allowing for an easy alignment/installation of the base stations in the field. Last but not least, it shows low correlation factors which mean that it can be also used for MIMO antenna systems.
{"title":"A MIMO antenna array with shaped beam in waveguide technology for WiFi base stations","authors":"C. Oikonomopoulos-Zachos, E. Stavrou, R. Baggen, O. Litschke","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915351","url":null,"abstract":"in this paper a dual polarized antenna array with shaped beam for outdoor WiFi access points, e.g. hotspots operating at the upper WiFi frequency band of 5.8 GHz is described. The aperture is composed of 64 waveguide antenna elements. By controlling the amplitude and the phase of only 24 elements, a shaping of the pattern in the main beam is achieved. Both polarisations are also excited by each antenna element. The presented base station array has therefore a broad half power beamwidth allowing for an easy alignment/installation of the base stations in the field. Last but not least, it shows low correlation factors which mean that it can be also used for MIMO antenna systems.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134535408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915332
Bo Xu, K. Zhao, Sailing He, Z. Ying
In the millimeter-wave (mmW) frequency band, radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposure is evaluated in terms of free space power density rather than the localized specific absorption rate (SAR) used in current cellular communications. In this study, we investigated RF EMF exposure of user equipment (UE) mock-ups employing a patch array operating at 15 GHz. Different understandings of maximum spatially-averaged power density to comply with different regulatory requirements are studied. Based on free space power density, the maximum permissible transmitted power (MPTP) of UE is calculated to compare the influence of different understandings. The analysis and results suggest that there is 1–2.6 dB MPTP difference for the ICNIRP limits and 0.1–1 dB MPTP difference for the proposed FCC limits depending on the varying compliance distance.
{"title":"Understandings of maximum spatially-averaged power density in 5G RF EMF exposure study","authors":"Bo Xu, K. Zhao, Sailing He, Z. Ying","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915332","url":null,"abstract":"In the millimeter-wave (mmW) frequency band, radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposure is evaluated in terms of free space power density rather than the localized specific absorption rate (SAR) used in current cellular communications. In this study, we investigated RF EMF exposure of user equipment (UE) mock-ups employing a patch array operating at 15 GHz. Different understandings of maximum spatially-averaged power density to comply with different regulatory requirements are studied. Based on free space power density, the maximum permissible transmitted power (MPTP) of UE is calculated to compare the influence of different understandings. The analysis and results suggest that there is 1–2.6 dB MPTP difference for the ICNIRP limits and 0.1–1 dB MPTP difference for the proposed FCC limits depending on the varying compliance distance.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124387055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915342
D. Anagnostou, G. Goussetis, D. Torres, N. Sepúlveda
Phase-change materials and in particularly vanadium dioxide have recently been reported to provide a suitable mechanism for fast switching related to reconfigurable antennas. This paper describes two such reconfigurable antennas where a very small and thin film of phase change material was used to alter the antennas resonant frequency. Simulated and measured results from two fabricated prototypes are presented. The integration challenges and the future applications of vanadium dioxide will be discussed.
{"title":"Ultra-fast reconfigurable antennas with phase change materials","authors":"D. Anagnostou, G. Goussetis, D. Torres, N. Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915342","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-change materials and in particularly vanadium dioxide have recently been reported to provide a suitable mechanism for fast switching related to reconfigurable antennas. This paper describes two such reconfigurable antennas where a very small and thin film of phase change material was used to alter the antennas resonant frequency. Simulated and measured results from two fabricated prototypes are presented. The integration challenges and the future applications of vanadium dioxide will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125611832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915378
Dingliang Wen, Y. Hao, Hanyang Wang, H. Zhou
A smartwatch antenna with a novel high impedance surface (HIS) is investigated in this paper. In order to fit the all-metal smartwatch applications, a non-planar HIS is proposed instead of using a traditional planar one. With the presence of the HIS, the wrist phantom has a slight impact on the antenna's performance and a low SAR can also be obtained. The antenna can achieve a gain of >1.3 dBi and an efficiency of >40% from 2.4 to 2.484 GHz even when it is mounted above a wrist phantom. Hence, it can work effectively for WIFI or Bluetooth system.
{"title":"A wearable antenna design using a high impedance surface for all-metal smartwatch applications","authors":"Dingliang Wen, Y. Hao, Hanyang Wang, H. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWAT.2017.7915378","url":null,"abstract":"A smartwatch antenna with a novel high impedance surface (HIS) is investigated in this paper. In order to fit the all-metal smartwatch applications, a non-planar HIS is proposed instead of using a traditional planar one. With the presence of the HIS, the wrist phantom has a slight impact on the antenna's performance and a low SAR can also be obtained. The antenna can achieve a gain of >1.3 dBi and an efficiency of >40% from 2.4 to 2.484 GHz even when it is mounted above a wrist phantom. Hence, it can work effectively for WIFI or Bluetooth system.","PeriodicalId":289886,"journal":{"name":"2017 International Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications (iWAT)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117272388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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