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ASEAN, China and South China Sea: Alternative approach for security cooperation 东盟、中国与南海:安全合作的替代途径
Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i2.387
Zhe Yang, S. D. Chandran, Yinliang Zhao
This article analyzes the status quo and cooperation mechanism between ASEAN and China, mainly, the non-traditional security issues in the South China Sea space (SCS). The non-traditional security threats confronting the SCS are complex, diverse and enormous. Amongst those are transnational maritime crimes, marine disaster threat, marine ecological environmental threat, and resource scarcity. Recent trends have demonstrated that the established regimes between ASEAN and China, for non-traditional security cooperation in the SCS, are fragmented mainly due to the absence of integrated and long-term mechanisms. Three reasons hinder the acceleration of the cooperation process: interference from outside powers, insufficient mutual political trust between China and ASEAN members, claimants and divergence of interests in advancing the Code of Conduct (COC) in the SCS. This article aims to analyze the problems and the causes existing between China and ASEAN in dealing with non-traditional security cooperation. It also examines the effectiveness of the rules-based cooperation mechanisms and offers a few recommendations. It is argued that ASEAN and China should take advantage of the low sensitivity of non-traditional security issues and high-quality development of the One Belt and One Road Initiative, to construct an integrated framework based on rules jointly and order for multilateral non-traditional security cooperation in the SCS. Three possible and workable measures are recommended to facilitate non-traditional security cooperation between ASEAN and China in the SCS. Both sides, primarily ASEAN member claimants, pursue an excellent willingness to cooperate and could promote functional cooperation, promote successful maritime cooperation modes as long-term cooperation mechanisms in the SCS, focus on strengthening the capacity-building of marine governance, and comprehensively establish a multilateral cooperation mechanism in marine environmental protection and fishery resources management.
本文分析了东盟与中国的合作现状及合作机制,重点分析了南海空间的非传统安全问题。南海面临的非传统安全威胁复杂多样、规模巨大。其中包括跨国海上犯罪、海洋灾害威胁、海洋生态环境威胁和资源匮乏。当前趋势表明,中国与东盟在南海非传统安全合作方面的既有机制存在碎片化,主要原因是缺乏综合性、长效机制。阻碍合作进程加快的原因有三:外部势力的干涉、中国与东盟国家之间政治互信不足、“南海行为准则”的声索国和利益分歧。本文旨在分析中国与东盟在处理非传统安全合作中存在的问题及其原因。报告还审查了基于规则的合作机制的有效性,并提出了一些建议。文章认为,东盟和中国应利用非传统安全问题低敏感性和“一带一路”高质量发展的优势,共同构建基于规则和秩序的南海多边非传统安全合作一体化框架。为推动中国与东盟在南海非传统安全合作,提出了三点可行措施。双方,主要是东盟声索国,都有良好的合作意愿,可以促进功能性合作,推广成功的海上合作模式作为南海长期合作机制,重点加强海洋治理能力建设,全面建立海洋环境保护和渔业资源管理多边合作机制。
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引用次数: 0
Emerging blockchain solutions in the mobility ecosystem: Associated risks and areas for applications 移动生态系统中新兴的区块链解决方案:相关风险和应用领域
Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i2.394
Cemal Zehir, Melike Zehir
This study aims to identify the most influential blockchain types for potential implementation areas in the transforming mobility ecosystem, considering application area-specific needs such as transparency, transaction speed, scalability, energy usage, security, and operating cost. The study demonstrated the hybrid blockchain suitability for most of the 13 distinguished mobility applications, while private and consortium blockchains are found applicable based on the needs of specific use cases. A public blockchain is only found suitable for two of the use cases. Proof of Authority and Proof of Stake matches well with most use cases, while Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance and Proof of Work could be suitable in particular.
本研究旨在确定在不断变化的移动生态系统中潜在实施领域中最具影响力的区块链类型,同时考虑到特定应用领域的需求,如透明度、交易速度、可扩展性、能源使用、安全性和运营成本。该研究表明,混合区块链适用于13种不同的移动应用程序中的大多数,而根据特定用例的需求,发现私有和财团区块链适用。公共区块链只适用于其中两个用例。权威证明和权益证明与大多数用例都很匹配,而实用拜占庭容错和工作量证明可能特别适合。
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引用次数: 1
Allocation of resources for risk management activities by business organisations in developing countries: Evidence from Zambia 发展中国家商业组织风险管理活动的资源分配:来自赞比亚的证据
Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i2.381
Peter Silwimba, Olajide Solomon Fadun
This study evaluates resources allocated for risk management by business organisations (financial and non-financial firms) in developing countries, using Zambia as a case study. Primary data collected from 158 organisations were analysed using MegaStat. The findings revealed that the majority (54.5%) of organisations, especially non-financial institutions, only commit resources to risk mitigation on an Adhoc or post-event basis, while 45.5% showed a budgeted approach. A significant part of the budgeted 45.5% was used for risk management activities, and 54.5% was used for regular daily operations. Despite this variation, all organisations engaged reported a significant expenditure on risk management, at least on Adhoc. At 4 degrees of freedom (df), which was one less than the total number of possible outcomes, a non-parametric test for significance yielded a scientific P-value of 1.57e-0.7, (a numerical magnitude of 0.0014, P< 0.05). This suggests that the correlation and pattern of the findings were not random or by chance, but they carried a statistical significance. The study's main findings demonstrate that some business organisations in Zambia and other developing countries incur significant expenditure with a higher portion of their budgets to respond to risk management needs. Business organisations which do not have formal risk structures do so informally due to pressure from emerging business risks. The findings also indicated that financial institutions in developing countries allocate more resources towards risk management than non-financial institutions. The Phi coefficient (degree of association) was 0.486, showing a moderately significant relationship between the variables (risk management and resource allocation). Business organisations in Zambia and other developing nations must develop sound risk mitigation plans and allocate resources for risk management.
本研究评估了发展中国家商业组织(金融和非金融公司)为风险管理分配的资源,使用赞比亚作为案例研究。使用MegaStat分析了从158个组织收集的主要数据。调查结果显示,大多数(54.5%)组织,特别是非金融机构,仅在临时或事件发生后的基础上投入资源用于风险缓解,而45.5%的组织采用预算方法。预算中的45.5%用于风险管理活动,54.5%用于日常业务。尽管存在这种差异,但所有参与的组织都报告了在风险管理方面的重大支出,至少在特设方面。在4个自由度(df)下,比可能结果的总数少一个,非参数显著性检验的科学P值为1.57e-0.7(数值量级为0.0014,P< 0.05)。这表明,这些发现的相关性和模式不是随机的或偶然的,而是具有统计意义的。该研究的主要发现表明,赞比亚和其他发展中国家的一些商业组织需要大量支出,其预算中有较高比例用于应对风险管理需求。由于新出现的商业风险的压力,没有正式风险结构的商业组织非正式地这样做。研究结果还表明,发展中国家的金融机构比非金融机构为风险管理分配了更多的资源。Phi系数(关联度)为0.486,表明变量(风险管理和资源配置)之间存在适度显著的关系。赞比亚和其他发展中国家的商业组织必须制定健全的风险缓解计划,并为风险管理分配资源。
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引用次数: 0
Role of risk management on economic growth: A critique of literature 风险管理对经济增长的作用:文献批判
Pub Date : 2023-01-07 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i2.359
Ben Kajwang
Risk management is defined as the sequential planning and implementation of initiatives and programs to cope with institutions' and individuals' substantial losses and loss exposure and to secure their properties. The study aims to evaluate risk management's role in economic growth.  This was executed through the use of a desktop literature review. The use of Google Scholar was utilized to locate seminal references and journal articles that were pertinent to the study. Papers published within the past five years were used to meet the inclusion criteria.  One of the principal objectives of a risk management strategy is to identify risks, address risks, and eliminate risk items before they are deemed detrimental to a company's progress or a significant component of expensive modification to a company's processes. According to the study's findings, insurance companies benefit from economic expansion in their roles as institutional investors and as providers of insurance risk management and indemnification. The paper recommends that the government develop better mechanisms to substitute disaster victims for their losses. At the same time, public sentiment would compel the nation to implement ways of reducing the burden of catastrophes on the public treasury. The enactments that would follow would pave the way for the nation's brilliant economic growth and development. Furthermore, insurance companies must also participate in insurance venture that is both environmentally and client-friendly and also formulate insurance initiatives that can cover every segment and section of the economy.
风险管理被定义为连续的计划和实施,以应对机构和个人的重大损失和损失风险,并确保其财产的安全。该研究旨在评估风险管理在经济增长中的作用。这是通过使用桌面文献综述来执行的。使用Google Scholar来定位与该研究相关的重要参考文献和期刊文章。在过去五年内发表的论文被用于符合纳入标准。风险管理策略的主要目标之一是识别风险,处理风险,并在风险项目被认为对公司的进展有害或对公司过程进行昂贵修改的重要组成部分之前消除风险项目。根据研究结果,保险公司作为机构投资者和保险风险管理和赔偿提供者的角色受益于经济扩张。这篇论文建议政府建立更好的机制来补偿受灾者的损失。与此同时,公众情绪将迫使国家采取措施减轻公共财政的灾难负担。随后颁布的法律为国家辉煌的经济增长和发展铺平了道路。此外,保险公司还必须参与对环境和客户友好的保险业务,并制定涵盖经济各个部门和部门的保险计划。
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引用次数: 0
What does gross national happiness really measure? An immersive observation in Lamshey, Bhutan 国民幸福总值真正衡量的是什么?在不丹拉姆西进行身临其境的观察
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i1.347
Sebastien Keiff
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the Gross National Happiness indicator and the actual lifestyle of the people of Bhutan. Gross National Happiness is a macroeconomic indicator calculated in Bhutan. It was constructed in contrast to the Gross Domestic Product. Gross National Happiness is designed to guide the country's public policies. Using visual methods in anthropology, this study proposes an immersion in Lamshey, a village in Bhutan. The daily life of the inhabitants is then observed and analyzed with the way gross national happiness is measured. The sociology of quantification provides a framework for analysis that reveals important and new implications. Indeed, to bring together the experience of happiness as it is lived by the Bhutanese, it will be appropriate to distinguish three complementary "Gross National Happiness", according to whether it is measured, lived, or in its ethical dimension.
本文的目的是调查国民幸福总值指标与不丹人民的实际生活方式之间的关系。国民幸福总值是不丹计算的一个宏观经济指标。它是与国内生产总值相对立的。国民幸福总值旨在指导国家的公共政策。本研究采用人类学中的视觉方法,在不丹的拉姆西村进行沉浸式体验。然后观察和分析居民的日常生活与国民幸福总值的测量方法。量化社会学提供了一个分析框架,揭示了重要的和新的含义。事实上,为了把不丹人生活的幸福经验结合起来,根据它是可衡量的、生活的还是道德层面来区分三个互补的“国民幸福总值”是适当的。
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引用次数: 0
Role of training needs assessment on the training outcomes in insurance sector in Kenya 培训需求评估对肯尼亚保险部门培训成果的作用
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i1.346
Ben Kajwang
The study examined the role of training needs assessment on the training outcomes in the insurance sector in Kenya. A desktop methodology was used to carry out this study. This necessitated the use of secondary data obtained from publicly available sources such as published studies, reports, and statistics. This approach of data collection is used by many researchers since it saves time and lowers the cost of data collection. It is also quite reliable and has a wide variety of insights since it is compiled from well-known sources. The current study made use of online journals and libraries, both of which make secondary data readily available. The results revealed that there exist conceptual and geographical gaps relating to the study on the role of training needs assessment on the training outcomes in the insurance sector in Kenya. Most of the results from the empirical review revealed that the main role of training needs assessment on training outcomes is to ensure that the training programs implemented are effective, meet the employees’ needs and to improve the performance of the insurance sectors in Kenya. In addition, TNA enabled organizations to implement flexible, practical oriented training programs so as to keep the employees motivated. The results of the study will be of great significance to the management team of the insurance sector, since it will provide a good knowledge base on what training needs assessment involves and its role on training outcomes in the insurance sector in Kenya. Employees in the insurance sector will also benefit from the findings of this study since it will provide a well-detailed information on some of the employee needs that spearhead the implementation of training programs. The results of the study will also benefit the policymakers in the insurance sector by identifying the appropriate training needs assessment models that will improve the training outcomes of insurance firms in Kenya. Lastly, the findings of this study will serve as a foundation for literature review of researchers and academicians interested in carrying out a study related to these research topics.
该研究审查了培训需求评估对肯尼亚保险部门培训成果的作用。本研究采用桌面方法学。这就需要使用从公开来源获得的二手数据,如已发表的研究、报告和统计数据。这种数据收集方法被许多研究人员使用,因为它节省了时间,降低了数据收集的成本。它也是相当可靠的,并且有各种各样的见解,因为它是从知名的来源编译的。目前的研究利用了在线期刊和图书馆,这两者都可以很容易地获得二手数据。结果显示,关于培训需求评估对肯尼亚保险部门培训成果的作用的研究存在概念上和地理上的差距。实证分析的大部分结果表明,培训需求评估对培训结果的主要作用是确保实施的培训计划是有效的,满足员工的需求,提高肯尼亚保险部门的绩效。此外,TNA使组织能够实施灵活、实用的培训计划,以保持员工的积极性。这项研究的结果将对保险部门的管理团队具有重要意义,因为它将为培训需求评估涉及的内容及其对肯尼亚保险部门培训结果的作用提供良好的知识基础。保险行业的员工也将从这项研究的结果中受益,因为它将提供有关员工需求的详细信息,这些需求将引领培训计划的实施。这项研究的结果还将通过确定适当的培训需求评估模型使保险部门的决策者受益,这些模型将改善肯尼亚保险公司的培训结果。最后,本研究的发现将作为有兴趣开展与这些研究课题相关的研究的研究人员和学者进行文献综述的基础。
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引用次数: 1
Implementing organizational ethics as a change process in banks: A case study Bank for Business 将组织伦理作为银行变革过程的实施:商业银行案例研究
Pub Date : 2022-04-09 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i1.328
Sokol Krasniqi, Leonora Rudhani Haliti, Ismail Mehmeti
This paper aims to address the effects of organizational change as one of the key issues in management ethics today. The paper is based on the deductive and inductive approaches. The comparability analysis of the data was done with the application software for statistical analysis SPSS as a tool for data entry, organizing the entry of received data through which the similarities and differences between the different variables in relation to the purpose of the research are applied. This paper highlights that organizational ethics comprises the guidelines on how an organization responds to the external environment. The main implications of the paper: (i) Cultural changes are the factor that is usually not taken seriously during the changes that occur in the Bank, therefore the organizational structure created in the institution has determined the need for that culture to change in accordance with new changes so that the staff of the organization is in line with those changes; (ii) better change management skills are not only desirable, but they are also necessary for achieving vital improvements in the Bank; (iii) Ensuring that all staff members are informed of what changes will be made by management is a kind of "selling" of the changes through good and regular communication to the audience within the Bank
本文旨在解决组织变革的影响,作为当今管理伦理的关键问题之一。本文是基于演绎和归纳的方法。数据的可比性分析使用统计分析应用软件SPSS作为数据录入工具,组织接收到的数据录入,通过这些录入来应用与研究目的相关的不同变量之间的异同。本文强调组织伦理包括组织如何应对外部环境的准则。该文件的主要影响:(i)文化变化是在世界银行发生变化时通常不被重视的因素,因此该机构所建立的组织结构决定了这种文化需要根据新的变化而改变,以便该组织的工作人员能够适应这些变化;(二)改进变革管理技能不仅是可取的,而且也是实现世行重大改进所必需的;确保所有工作人员都了解管理部门将作出哪些改变是一种通过向世界银行内部的受众进行良好和定期的沟通来“推销”这些改变的方式
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引用次数: 0
Schlomo Dov Goitein’s “Political” Symbiosis in the Secrets of Simon Ben Yohai: A Qur’anic Reappraisal for a Jewish Apocalyptic Source on the Reflecting of an Early Islamic Background. Schlomo Dov goitin在《西蒙·本·约海的秘密》中的“政治”共生:反映早期伊斯兰背景的《古兰经》对犹太启示录来源的重新评价。
Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v4i1.314
Y. Çolak, Serdar Sinan Gulec
This paper examines the concept of symbiosis in Islamic history as developed by Schlomo Dov Goitein, the 20th-century Jewish German scholar in the area of Jewish and Arabic studies, and discusses its application to the identity sourcing of Prophet Muhammad in particular. The aim of the study is to review the historical outline briefly on the background and formation of “symbiosis” preceding and in the aftermath of Goitein’s conceptualization and context, following a qualitative research approach with an intertextual criticism to his references and discussing their possible philological aspects in his mindset. The study found that, while the Islamic historical sources presented the relations between Jews and Muslims in the Madina period of Islam as negative, in Goitein’s works, the Jewish perception of early Islamic history is positively grounded on a mid-eight century Jewish messianic-apocalyptical text, namely, The Secrets of Rabbi Simon ben Yohai as traditionally understood in Judaism for describing Ishmaelites as the savior of Jews from Christian oppression.  This finding seems to be in explicit contradistinction to the concept of innovative “creative symbiosis” with subversion of historical experience.
本文考察了20世纪犹太和阿拉伯研究领域的犹太裔德国学者Schlomo Dov goitin在伊斯兰历史上提出的共生概念,并特别讨论了其在先知穆罕默德身份来源中的应用。本研究的目的是简要回顾goitin概念化和语境前后“共生”的背景和形成的历史概况,遵循定性研究方法,对他的参考文献进行互文批评,并讨论他们在他的思维方式中可能的语言学方面。研究发现,虽然伊斯兰历史资料将伊斯兰麦地那时期的犹太人和穆斯林之间的关系描述为负面的,但在Goitein的作品中,犹太人对早期伊斯兰历史的看法是积极的,基于八世纪中叶犹太弥赛亚-启示文本,即犹太教传统上理解的拉比西蒙·本·约海的秘密,将以实玛利人描述为犹太人摆脱基督教压迫的救世主。这一发现似乎与颠覆历史经验的创新“创造共生”概念形成了明显的对比。
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引用次数: 0
Systematic mapping of green human resource management: Bibliometric analysis 绿色人力资源管理的系统映射:文献计量分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v3i4.270
A. S. J. Wardhana, Muafi Muafi
This study discusses the trend about green human resource management (GHRM) conducted by researchers in international scope. This study aims to understand: (a) the distribution and research links about GHRM in the last 5 years; (b) the level of productivity of GHRM researchers; and (c) the distribution map and international publication of GHRM research according to the keywords. The data collection is done by conducting a data search through Scopus using the keywords of ‘strategic human resource management with the category, article title, abstracts, and keywords during the last five years (2016-2021). The data choice is only based on the articles that have been published and focused on the field of business, management, and accounting. The data is then exported into CSV (comma-separated values) format. The trend of the development of international publications in the GHRM field is analyzed using VosViewer software. The research results show that the development of the instrumentation field in 2016-2021 indexed by Scopus has the highest occurrence in 2020, which reached 78 publications (29.66%). The international publication of the GHRM field is mostly published by the Journal of Cleaner Production, while the most productive author in GHRM is Charbel Jose, Chiapetta Jabbour.
本研究探讨了国际范围内研究者对绿色人力资源管理的研究趋势。本研究旨在了解:(a)近5年GHRM的分布和研究环节;(b) GHRM研究人员的生产力水平;(c)基于关键词的GHRM研究分布图及国际发表情况。数据收集是通过Scopus进行数据搜索,使用“战略人力资源管理”的关键词,在过去五年(2016-2021)的类别,文章标题,摘要和关键词进行数据搜索。数据选择仅基于已发表的、专注于业务、管理和会计领域的文章。然后将数据导出为CSV(逗号分隔值)格式。利用VosViewer软件分析了GHRM领域国际出版物的发展趋势。研究结果表明,Scopus检索的2016-2021年仪器仪表领域的发展在2020年出现率最高,达到78篇(29.66%)。GHRM领域的国际出版物主要由《Journal of Cleaner Production》出版,而GHRM领域最多产的作者是Charbel Jose, Chiapetta Jabbour。
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引用次数: 0
Mediating role of trust in the relationship between public governance quality and tax compliance 信任在公共治理质量与税收合规关系中的中介作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.36096/brss.v3i4.276
Yusuf Mohammed Alkali, A.K.M. Masud, Almustapha A. Aliyu
This paper examined the mediating role of trust in government on the influence of public governance quality indicators (accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption) on tax compliance in Africa. Cross-country data obtained from 38 African countries for 2015 was used and analyzed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis. The study found that accountability, political stability, control of corruption, and trust have a significant influence on tax compliance among the sampled African countries, but government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and the rule of law and have insignificant influence on tax compliance. The result of the mediating effects revealed that trust mediates the influence of accountability and political stability on tax compliance in Africa. However, it failed to mediate the influence of government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption on tax compliance among sample African countries. The study offers theoretical insights on the role of trust as a mediator on social exchange relationships from the context of public governance quality on tax compliance. It also implies to the policymakers that building trust is an important mechanism through which the impact of public governance on tax compliance would be more pronounced. The study further calls for replication of its findings in other continents such as the Americas, Asia, and Europe.
本文考察了对政府的信任对非洲公共治理质量指标(问责制、政治稳定性、政府有效性、监管质量、法治和腐败控制)对税收合规影响的中介作用。使用2015年从38个非洲国家获得的跨国数据,并使用普通最小二乘(OLS)回归分析进行分析。研究发现,在抽样的非洲国家中,问责制、政治稳定、腐败控制和信任对税收合规有显著影响,但政府效率、监管质量和法治对税收合规的影响不显著。中介效应结果显示,信任在问责制和政治稳定对非洲税收合规的影响中起中介作用。然而,它未能调解政府有效性、监管质量、法治和腐败控制对样本非洲国家税收合规的影响。本研究从公共治理质量对税收合规的影响角度,对信任在社会交换关系中的中介作用提供了理论见解。对政策制定者来说,这也意味着建立信任是公共治理对税收合规影响更加明显的重要机制。该研究进一步呼吁在美洲、亚洲和欧洲等其他大洲复制其研究结果。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Bussecon Review of Social Sciences (2687-2285)
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