This chapter describes how object-oriented design (OOD) was used to produce a high-level design in conjunction with a top-down stepwise refinement methodology. It also describes how OOD was used recursively through several layers of recursion on the design of a large, complex software system.
{"title":"An OOD methodology for shop floor control systems","authors":"N. Stanley","doi":"10.1049/PBCE041E_CH11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE041E_CH11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes how object-oriented design (OOD) was used to produce a high-level design in conjunction with a top-down stepwise refinement methodology. It also describes how OOD was used recursively through several layers of recursion on the design of a large, complex software system.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125082374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this chapter attention has been focused mainly on research undertaken by the author and his colleagues. Considerable effort has also been devoted in many other laboratories world-wide on research on VLSI array processor architectures which are pipelined at the bit level and suitable for high performance DSP chip design. Quite a number of these architectures have been used as the basis of chip designs. Further information on these designs are available from a number of sources.
{"title":"Systolic arrays for high performance digital signal processing","authors":"J. McCanny, Roger Francis Woods, M. Yan","doi":"10.1049/PBCE042E_CH20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE042E_CH20","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter attention has been focused mainly on research undertaken by the author and his colleagues. Considerable effort has also been devoted in many other laboratories world-wide on research on VLSI array processor architectures which are pipelined at the bit level and suitable for high performance DSP chip design. Quite a number of these architectures have been used as the basis of chip designs. Further information on these designs are available from a number of sources.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125708951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Chung, R. Aylett, D. Bental, R. Inder, T. Lydiard
With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and with the increased interest in applying the new technology to a wide variety of problems, there is a proliferation of software tools marketed for developing knowledge based systems. There are many factors that influence the selection of a tool for a particular project. For example, machine availability, supplier credibility, etc. These factors, though important, are not considered in this chapter. The primary concern of this chapter is to look at the AI aspects of tools and see how they influence tool selection. The objective is, therefore, threefold. First, it describes the AI features that are found in KBS tools. Second, it considers the problem of mapping application characteristics to these tool features. Third, it describes three representative tools that implement some of these features.
{"title":"Overview of artificial intelligence tools","authors":"P. Chung, R. Aylett, D. Bental, R. Inder, T. Lydiard","doi":"10.1049/PBCE044E_CH9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE044E_CH9","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and with the increased interest in applying the new technology to a wide variety of problems, there is a proliferation of software tools marketed for developing knowledge based systems. There are many factors that influence the selection of a tool for a particular project. For example, machine availability, supplier credibility, etc. These factors, though important, are not considered in this chapter. The primary concern of this chapter is to look at the AI aspects of tools and see how they influence tool selection. The objective is, therefore, threefold. First, it describes the AI features that are found in KBS tools. Second, it considers the problem of mapping application characteristics to these tool features. Third, it describes three representative tools that implement some of these features.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A consideration of the nature and scope of knowledge based process control (KBPC), leads to the proposal that Artificial Intelligence, Systems Engineering and Information Technology are three core elements of the discipline. Some aspects of all three are described. Systems Engineering methods are based upon whole life whole system considerations which are argued to be fundamental to KBPC. Applying the principles of taxonomy, or classification science, leads to a hierarchical perspective of control instrumentation systems which helps to gain breadth of comprehension of information machines. By first introducing the Systems Engineering approach and the methods of taxonomy, the chapter allows further development of the core theoretical elements in automatic control systems in general but especially in process control. Highlighting of the cardinal elements in the technology of knowledge based process control systems is also allowed using these methods.
{"title":"Holistic approaches in knowledge-based process control","authors":"J. McGhee","doi":"10.1049/PBCE044E_CH1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE044E_CH1","url":null,"abstract":"A consideration of the nature and scope of knowledge based process control (KBPC), leads to the proposal that Artificial Intelligence, Systems Engineering and Information Technology are three core elements of the discipline. Some aspects of all three are described. Systems Engineering methods are based upon whole life whole system considerations which are argued to be fundamental to KBPC. Applying the principles of taxonomy, or classification science, leads to a hierarchical perspective of control instrumentation systems which helps to gain breadth of comprehension of information machines. By first introducing the Systems Engineering approach and the methods of taxonomy, the chapter allows further development of the core theoretical elements in automatic control systems in general but especially in process control. Highlighting of the cardinal elements in the technology of knowledge based process control systems is also allowed using these methods.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124139702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses eigenstructure assignment in linear systems by state feedback. Assignment of invariant factors in linear systems has been intensively studied in control theory for more than two decades since it is of great importance in many areas of this theory. For instance, such classical tasks as linear quadratic control and deadbeat control lead to specific requirements for poles placement of closed-loop systems.
{"title":"Eigenstructure assignment in linear systems by state feedback","authors":"P. Zagalák, V. Kučera, J. Loiseau","doi":"10.1049/PBCE049E_CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE049E_CH8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses eigenstructure assignment in linear systems by state feedback. Assignment of invariant factors in linear systems has been intensively studied in control theory for more than two decades since it is of great importance in many areas of this theory. For instance, such classical tasks as linear quadratic control and deadbeat control lead to specific requirements for poles placement of closed-loop systems.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121532408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses H2 optimal controllers for multivariable plants. The basic regulator problem has been studied using a time domain approach in the state-space and a frequency domain approach using transfer function matrices and Wiener-Hopf theory.
{"title":"H2 control problems","authors":"K. Hunt, M. Šebek, V. Kučera","doi":"10.1049/PBCE049E_CH2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE049E_CH2","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses H2 optimal controllers for multivariable plants. The basic regulator problem has been studied using a time domain approach in the state-space and a frequency domain approach using transfer function matrices and Wiener-Hopf theory.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116926008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A discrete signal is one which is defined only at isolated discrete points in time, its value at other times being either unknown or assumed to be zero. A discrete signal thus contains only discontinuities and is best described analytically as a set of impulses. Most discrete signals are defined at equally spaced points in time but examples exist of unequal spacing which can successfully be processed. This book considers only equally spaced discrete signals. The amplitude of a discrete signal is normally considered to be an infinitely resolved function as with a continuous signal but the digital signal is a discrete signal which is an important exception to this and is classified separately.
{"title":"Discrete signals and systems","authors":"N. Jones","doi":"10.1049/PBCE042E_ch3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE042E_ch3","url":null,"abstract":"A discrete signal is one which is defined only at isolated discrete points in time, its value at other times being either unknown or assumed to be zero. A discrete signal thus contains only discontinuities and is best described analytically as a set of impulses. Most discrete signals are defined at equally spaced points in time but examples exist of unequal spacing which can successfully be processed. This book considers only equally spaced discrete signals. The amplitude of a discrete signal is normally considered to be an infinitely resolved function as with a continuous signal but the digital signal is a discrete signal which is an important exception to this and is classified separately.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128337786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The system described has shown that the use of a DSP in the role of measurement for control gives advantages over conventional systems. Increased speed, and the capability to use more complex algorithms leads to improved controller performance. Although designed specifically for a laboratory system, the necessity for improved measurement systems in industry is growing. Manufacturers are now starting to implement digital controllers, the performance of which will soon be limited by a lack of accurate information at high transfer rates. Parameters which were once deemed unmeasurable can now be constructed on-line and in real-time. This opens up greater possibilities for control system designers. Specialist hardware which was originally designed for communications processing will have an increasing role in control systems implementation due to the similarities in algorithm structure. Manufacturers have already seen this trend, and have begun to produce high performance devices specifically for these applications. It is now up to the systems engineer to recognise the advantages of the DSP for particular applications, and to use these to the full.
{"title":"A case study in digital control","authors":"E. Swindenbank","doi":"10.1049/PBCE042E_CH26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE042E_CH26","url":null,"abstract":"The system described has shown that the use of a DSP in the role of measurement for control gives advantages over conventional systems. Increased speed, and the capability to use more complex algorithms leads to improved controller performance. Although designed specifically for a laboratory system, the necessity for improved measurement systems in industry is growing. Manufacturers are now starting to implement digital controllers, the performance of which will soon be limited by a lack of accurate information at high transfer rates. Parameters which were once deemed unmeasurable can now be constructed on-line and in real-time. This opens up greater possibilities for control system designers. Specialist hardware which was originally designed for communications processing will have an increasing role in control systems implementation due to the similarities in algorithm structure. Manufacturers have already seen this trend, and have begun to produce high performance devices specifically for these applications. It is now up to the systems engineer to recognise the advantages of the DSP for particular applications, and to use these to the full.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134302944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter reviews some of the issues relating to the development and design of real-time software and briefly outlines two design methodologies. With the increased use of microprocessors in equipment, there is a growing need for software engineers and other engineers to be familiar with techniques for developing real-time software. Implementors are moving away from reliance on monolithic, general-purpose operating systems and are using minimum operating system kernels. The additional operating system features required are then built using a high-level language for a particular application or group of applications. There is also an increasing use of multiprocessor systems with a consequent increased concern with communications, distributed databases and distributed operating systems.
{"title":"Design of software for real-time system","authors":"S. Bennett","doi":"10.1049/PBCE041E_CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE041E_CH8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews some of the issues relating to the development and design of real-time software and briefly outlines two design methodologies. With the increased use of microprocessors in equipment, there is a growing need for software engineers and other engineers to be familiar with techniques for developing real-time software. Implementors are moving away from reliance on monolithic, general-purpose operating systems and are using minimum operating system kernels. The additional operating system features required are then built using a high-level language for a particular application or group of applications. There is also an increasing use of multiprocessor systems with a consequent increased concern with communications, distributed databases and distributed operating systems.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134328095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses the signal processing capability of the TMS320 can be readily harnessed to implement a range of digital controllers. It has demonstrated that the powerful architecture of this DSP lends itself to implement efficiently the kind of algorithms met in discrete controllers and that a great deal of structure is possible with the system.
{"title":"Implementation and performance of digital controllers","authors":"D. Rees","doi":"10.1049/PBCE042E_CH27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE042E_CH27","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the signal processing capability of the TMS320 can be readily harnessed to implement a range of digital controllers. It has demonstrated that the powerful architecture of this DSP lends itself to implement efficiently the kind of algorithms met in discrete controllers and that a great deal of structure is possible with the system.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134546718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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