This chapter presents a case study of computer-aided instrumentation for on-line measurement and control in the area of critical care medicine. The system has been initially developed to test the hypothesis that acoustic resonance of the respiratory airways represents an optimal state for alveolar gas exchange. high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a recognised form of mechanical ventilatory support that is used in both anaesthesia and critical care medicine. The technique differs from conventional modes of ventilatory support in both its relative tidal volume and respiratory rate. Several studies have shown that HFJV is capable of maintaining adequate gas exchange in cases where conventional methods have either failed or proved to be impractical. The main advantages of HFJV include lower peak and mean airway pressures, a reduction in pulmonary barotrauma and less disturbance to cardiovascular function.
{"title":"A case study of a DSP chip for on-line monitoring and control in anaesthesia","authors":"S. Kabay, N. Jones","doi":"10.1049/PBCE042E_CH22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE042E_CH22","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a case study of computer-aided instrumentation for on-line measurement and control in the area of critical care medicine. The system has been initially developed to test the hypothesis that acoustic resonance of the respiratory airways represents an optimal state for alveolar gas exchange. high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is a recognised form of mechanical ventilatory support that is used in both anaesthesia and critical care medicine. The technique differs from conventional modes of ventilatory support in both its relative tidal volume and respiratory rate. Several studies have shown that HFJV is capable of maintaining adequate gas exchange in cases where conventional methods have either failed or proved to be impractical. The main advantages of HFJV include lower peak and mean airway pressures, a reduction in pulmonary barotrauma and less disturbance to cardiovascular function.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125947737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As an environment for building expert systems, COGSYS provides the framework and functions for the configuration of realtime reasoning systems for a wide variety of applications. COGSYS can be employed in monitoring realtime process systems, interpreting financial data, managing critical resource situations, controlling systems at a supervisory level, and regulating complex communication networks.
{"title":"COGSYS - the real-time expert system builder","authors":"R. Shaw","doi":"10.1049/PBCE044E_CH15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE044E_CH15","url":null,"abstract":"As an environment for building expert systems, COGSYS provides the framework and functions for the configuration of realtime reasoning systems for a wide variety of applications. COGSYS can be employed in monitoring realtime process systems, interpreting financial data, managing critical resource situations, controlling systems at a supervisory level, and regulating complex communication networks.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133050033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The name 'MASCOT' is an acronym for Modular Approach to Software Construction, Operation and Test and, as acronyms go, this one is accurate and useful without succeeding in telling quite the whole story. It provides a number of significant keywords on which a description can be based. An introductory section attempts to lay the foundation for the details of MASCOT which are then described in later sections.
{"title":"Real-time software using MASCOT","authors":"N. Mort","doi":"10.1049/PBCE041E_CH9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE041E_CH9","url":null,"abstract":"The name 'MASCOT' is an acronym for Modular Approach to Software Construction, Operation and Test and, as acronyms go, this one is accurate and useful without succeeding in telling quite the whole story. It provides a number of significant keywords on which a description can be based. An introductory section attempts to lay the foundation for the details of MASCOT which are then described in later sections.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134368524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The conditions that allow the construction of a composite control for the practical stabilisation of a singularly perturbed uncertain system have been analysed. Even though the system has been considered nominally linear, the presence of the uncertainties couples the fast and the slow dynamics of the system and, in consequence, the controller must contain a nonlinear term that allows the separate design of the fast and the slow controllers. It has been found that the feedback gains of the slow variable, besides having a lower bound (as is usual in the control of uncertain systems), also possess an upper bound that depends mainly on the structural coupling between the slow and the fast parts of the system. This upper bound prevents the variables which have been con sidered as having slow dynamics from becoming fast under the action of a high gain feedback.
{"title":"Nonlinear composite control of a class of nominally linear singularly perturbed uncertain systems","authors":"F. Garofalo, G. Leitmann","doi":"10.1049/PBCE040E_CH13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE040E_CH13","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions that allow the construction of a composite control for the practical stabilisation of a singularly perturbed uncertain system have been analysed. Even though the system has been considered nominally linear, the presence of the uncertainties couples the fast and the slow dynamics of the system and, in consequence, the controller must contain a nonlinear term that allows the separate design of the fast and the slow controllers. It has been found that the feedback gains of the slow variable, besides having a lower bound (as is usual in the control of uncertain systems), also possess an upper bound that depends mainly on the structural coupling between the slow and the fast parts of the system. This upper bound prevents the variables which have been con sidered as having slow dynamics from becoming fast under the action of a high gain feedback.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123988989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several methods have previously been developed that automatically tune PID controllers. The PID algorithm itself is usually essentially simple, but commercial implementations of PID controllers contain a multitude of additional features which embody the experience of many years of application. It is therefore prudent to retain those features when introducing self-tuning; basically sound self-tuning methods have failed because these vital details have not been attended to. To take account of these points, the approach taken in this chapter is to use a standard commercial PID controller (a Eurotherm 820) and use a continuous-time self-tuning PID controller to generate its parameters as opposed to using the self-tuning PID controller to generate a control signal. The self-tuning PID controller is implemented on an Atari PC and communicates via an RS-232 port using the Eurotherm communications protocol.
{"title":"Automatic tuning of commercial PID controllers","authors":"P. Gawthrop","doi":"10.1049/PBCE041E_CH3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE041E_CH3","url":null,"abstract":"Several methods have previously been developed that automatically tune PID controllers. The PID algorithm itself is usually essentially simple, but commercial implementations of PID controllers contain a multitude of additional features which embody the experience of many years of application. It is therefore prudent to retain those features when introducing self-tuning; basically sound self-tuning methods have failed because these vital details have not been attended to. To take account of these points, the approach taken in this chapter is to use a standard commercial PID controller (a Eurotherm 820) and use a continuous-time self-tuning PID controller to generate its parameters as opposed to using the self-tuning PID controller to generate a control signal. The self-tuning PID controller is implemented on an Atari PC and communicates via an RS-232 port using the Eurotherm communications protocol.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131992529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Machine-learned rule-based control differs from more typical approaches to the engineering of controllers for physical systems in the following respect. In traditional control theory, a mathematical model of the system is constructed and then analysed in order to synthesise a control method. This approach is clearly deductive. A machine-learning approach to the synthesis of controllers aims to inductively acquire control knowledge, thereby avoiding the necessity of constructing a mathematical model of the system. In applications where systems are very complex, or insufficient knowledge is available, the construction of such a model may be impossible, and traditional methods therefore inappropriate. It is for these applications that an inductive approach promises solutions.
{"title":"Machine-learned rule-based control","authors":"Michael Bain","doi":"10.1049/PBCE044E_CH12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE044E_CH12","url":null,"abstract":"Machine-learned rule-based control differs from more typical approaches to the engineering of controllers for physical systems in the following respect. In traditional control theory, a mathematical model of the system is constructed and then analysed in order to synthesise a control method. This approach is clearly deductive. A machine-learning approach to the synthesis of controllers aims to inductively acquire control knowledge, thereby avoiding the necessity of constructing a mathematical model of the system. In applications where systems are very complex, or insufficient knowledge is available, the construction of such a model may be impossible, and traditional methods therefore inappropriate. It is for these applications that an inductive approach promises solutions.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127105696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this chapter, a number of systems developed by intelligent applications, primarily in heavy industry are summarised. This chapter discusses some of the applications developed in the mechanical and process area. In this talk, a number of practical expert system applications both in the process industry, where they have process data, or PLC data and also in the rotating machinery area both on-line and off-line have been illustrated.
{"title":"Case studies in condition monitoring","authors":"R. Milne","doi":"10.1049/PBCE044E_CH14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE044E_CH14","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, a number of systems developed by intelligent applications, primarily in heavy industry are summarised. This chapter discusses some of the applications developed in the mechanical and process area. In this talk, a number of practical expert system applications both in the process industry, where they have process data, or PLC data and also in the rotating machinery area both on-line and off-line have been illustrated.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125813427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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