The beginnings of radar early history of radar in the US Navy German radar development history of Japanese radar development to 1945 who invented radar? the UK CH ground radar system UK airborne radar RDF and early IFF countermeasure receiver techniques German World War II anti-jamming techniques the post-war years and progress in absolute microwave measurements.
{"title":"Industrial Digital Control Systems","authors":"D. Rees, K. Warwick","doi":"10.1049/PBCE037E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE037E","url":null,"abstract":"The beginnings of radar early history of radar in the US Navy German radar development history of Japanese radar development to 1945 who invented radar? the UK CH ground radar system UK airborne radar RDF and early IFF countermeasure receiver techniques German World War II anti-jamming techniques the post-war years and progress in absolute microwave measurements.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116548343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some of the characteristics of batch control systems are discussed, and illustrated with particular reference to an application from the sugar industry. A comparison of experience with different control equipment is touched on, and related to present and future directions for development.
{"title":"Batch process control","authors":"J. Wilkie","doi":"10.1049/PBCE041E_CH16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE041E_CH16","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the characteristics of batch control systems are discussed, and illustrated with particular reference to an application from the sugar industry. A comparison of experience with different control equipment is touched on, and related to present and future directions for development.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114900319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this case study is to present a development of the step-invariant approach to highpass digital filter design. It will be shown that the transfer function,G(z) obtained via the step invariant design method, may be made to approximate closely to the transfer function, G(z) obtained via the bilinear z-transform method. The analysis presented justifies this step-invariant design method, and shows that it is possible to convert a time domain (step-invariant) filter, G(z) to one that satisfies a frequency domain specification,G(z) . This is achieved by observing certain conditions and by employing a suitable gain term. The validity of the method is demonstrated using a practical example of a simple highpass filter and a digital phase-advance network.
{"title":"Digital filters - a case study","authors":"T. Terrell, E. T. Powner","doi":"10.1049/PBCE042E_CH24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE042E_CH24","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this case study is to present a development of the step-invariant approach to highpass digital filter design. It will be shown that the transfer function,G(z) obtained via the step invariant design method, may be made to approximate closely to the transfer function, G(z) obtained via the bilinear z-transform method. The analysis presented justifies this step-invariant design method, and shows that it is possible to convert a time domain (step-invariant) filter, G(z) to one that satisfies a frequency domain specification,G(z) . This is achieved by observing certain conditions and by employing a suitable gain term. The validity of the method is demonstrated using a practical example of a simple highpass filter and a digital phase-advance network.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128434383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aynsley, D. Peel, A. Hofland, G. Montague, A. Morris
In this chapter the issues involved with the design and implementation of real-time knowledge based systems (RTKBS) are reviewed. These will be demonstrated with reference to a RTKBS approach for the improved supervision and control of fermentation plant. The system is composed of three elements; a supervisory knowledge base, a scheduling knowledge base and an on-line relational database. The supervisor is responsible for monitoring and controlling individual fermenters and is instructed when to initiate or terminate a fermentation by commands issued by the scheduler, which aims to maximise plant-wide productivity. The system also performs sensor validation, fault detection/ fault diagnosis and incorporates relevant expertise and experience drawn from both the process engineering domain and the control engineering domain. The database provides a centralised store of information which can be retrieved on line by both knowledge bases.
{"title":"Real-time knowledge-based systems in fermentation supervisory control","authors":"M. Aynsley, D. Peel, A. Hofland, G. Montague, A. Morris","doi":"10.1049/PBCE044E_CH11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE044E_CH11","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter the issues involved with the design and implementation of real-time knowledge based systems (RTKBS) are reviewed. These will be demonstrated with reference to a RTKBS approach for the improved supervision and control of fermentation plant. The system is composed of three elements; a supervisory knowledge base, a scheduling knowledge base and an on-line relational database. The supervisor is responsible for monitoring and controlling individual fermenters and is instructed when to initiate or terminate a fermentation by commands issued by the scheduler, which aims to maximise plant-wide productivity. The system also performs sensor validation, fault detection/ fault diagnosis and incorporates relevant expertise and experience drawn from both the process engineering domain and the control engineering domain. The database provides a centralised store of information which can be retrieved on line by both knowledge bases.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129699719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses the power and utility of the polynomial approach in the area of signal processing and communications. Minimisation of mean-square error criteria by linear filters will be considered. We shall focus on the optimisation of realisable discrete-time IIR-filters, to be used for prediction, filtering or smoothing of signals. Stochastic models of possibly complex valued signals are assumed known.
{"title":"Optimal Filtering Problems","authors":"A. Ahlén, M. Sternad","doi":"10.1049/PBCE049E_CH5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE049E_CH5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the power and utility of the polynomial approach in the area of signal processing and communications. Minimisation of mean-square error criteria by linear filters will be considered. We shall focus on the optimisation of realisable discrete-time IIR-filters, to be used for prediction, filtering or smoothing of signals. Stochastic models of possibly complex valued signals are assumed known.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125993082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter concentrates on application studies carried out within the Chemical Engineering Department at Strathclyde University. The second section of this chapter describes application studies using a fermenter problem. Both rule-based and relational models has been investigated and it has been found that both could produce very good results. The third section of the chapter describes the early stages of work on a project to apply relational modelling techniques to the control of a real industrial process. It has been demonstrated that rule based and relational system can be made to represent the sort of processes occurring in fermentation, and that relational modelling is easily applied to real industrial problems.
{"title":"Application of fuzzy logic to control and estimation problems","authors":"B. Postlethwaite","doi":"10.1049/PBCE044E_CH10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE044E_CH10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter concentrates on application studies carried out within the Chemical Engineering Department at Strathclyde University. The second section of this chapter describes application studies using a fermenter problem. Both rule-based and relational models has been investigated and it has been found that both could produce very good results. The third section of the chapter describes the early stages of work on a project to apply relational modelling techniques to the control of a real industrial process. It has been demonstrated that rule based and relational system can be made to represent the sort of processes occurring in fermentation, and that relational modelling is easily applied to real industrial problems.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":" April","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131977414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this chapter we have outlined an approach to hyperplane design in variable structure systems based on the assignment of the eigenstructure in the sliding mode. In order to clarify the number of degrees of freedom in this process and to simplify the numerical implementation of the design procedures, a particular canonical form for the system has been proposed. A control scheme to drive the state into the sliding mode has been outlined, along with a method of reducing the chattering component of the control. A computer-aided design package, VASSYD, has been developed by the authors to assist the designer.
{"title":"Hyperplane design and CAD of variable structure control systems","authors":"A. Zinober, C. Dorling","doi":"10.1049/PBCE040E_CH3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE040E_CH3","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter we have outlined an approach to hyperplane design in variable structure systems based on the assignment of the eigenstructure in the sliding mode. In order to clarify the number of degrees of freedom in this process and to simplify the numerical implementation of the design procedures, a particular canonical form for the system has been proposed. A control scheme to drive the state into the sliding mode has been outlined, along with a method of reducing the chattering component of the control. A computer-aided design package, VASSYD, has been developed by the authors to assist the designer.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116321453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-recursive digital filters have a finite impulse response (FIR) sequence, and they are inherently stable. Furthermore, a digital filter with a symmetrical impulse response has a linear phase characteristic, and therefore in this case there is no phase distortion imposed by the filter. In this chapter FIR filter design will be illustrated by considering the moving-averager filter, the frequency sampling method of design, and frequency-domain filter design using window functions.
{"title":"FIR filter design methods","authors":"T. Terrell, E. T. Powner","doi":"10.1049/PBCE042E_CH8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE042E_CH8","url":null,"abstract":"Non-recursive digital filters have a finite impulse response (FIR) sequence, and they are inherently stable. Furthermore, a digital filter with a symmetrical impulse response has a linear phase characteristic, and therefore in this case there is no phase distortion imposed by the filter. In this chapter FIR filter design will be illustrated by considering the moving-averager filter, the frequency sampling method of design, and frequency-domain filter design using window functions.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121006684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this chapter, neural networks are discussed. The present field of neural networks links a number of closely related areas, such as parallel distributed processing, connectionism and neural computing, these being brought together with the common theme of attempting to exhibit the method of computing which is witnessed in the study of biological neural systems. A fundamental aspect of artificial neural networks is the use of simple processing elements which are essentially models of neurons in the brain. These elements are then connected together in a well-structured fashion, although the strength and nature of each of the connecting links dictates the overall operational characteristics for the total network.
{"title":"Neural networks: an introduction","authors":"K. Warwick","doi":"10.1049/PBCE053E_CH1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE053E_CH1","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, neural networks are discussed. The present field of neural networks links a number of closely related areas, such as parallel distributed processing, connectionism and neural computing, these being brought together with the common theme of attempting to exhibit the method of computing which is witnessed in the study of biological neural systems. A fundamental aspect of artificial neural networks is the use of simple processing elements which are essentially models of neurons in the brain. These elements are then connected together in a well-structured fashion, although the strength and nature of each of the connecting links dictates the overall operational characteristics for the total network.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"299302 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116580064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses LQ controller design and self-tuning control for discrete time systems. A novel variational technique, for deriving polynomial equations for LQG controller design.
{"title":"LQ controller design and self-tuning control","authors":"M. Sternad, A. Ahlén","doi":"10.1049/PBCE049E_CH3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/PBCE049E_CH3","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses LQ controller design and self-tuning control for discrete time systems. A novel variational technique, for deriving polynomial equations for LQG controller design.","PeriodicalId":290911,"journal":{"name":"IEE control engineering series","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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