L. A. Leung, J. Slagle, S. Finkelstein, W. Warwick
For pt.1 see ibid., p.33-42. A brief history of temporal reasoning in medical applications is given. An expert system called Monitor is described that can perform the following tasks: the incremental evaluation of the data; retrieval of historical data for comparison purposes; determination of the validity of the data cross references over time; assessment of the disease progression by abstracting trends and changes from the time-ordered data; and extraction of duration information from the symptom data. An initial evaluation of Monitor using 111 cases has shown that the system can classify 88% of the cases correctly.<>
{"title":"Temporal reasoning in medicine with an example in cystic fibrosis patient management-artificial intelligence mini-tutorial. 2","authors":"L. A. Leung, J. Slagle, S. Finkelstein, W. Warwick","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5443","url":null,"abstract":"For pt.1 see ibid., p.33-42. A brief history of temporal reasoning in medical applications is given. An expert system called Monitor is described that can perform the following tasks: the incremental evaluation of the data; retrieval of historical data for comparison purposes; determination of the validity of the data cross references over time; assessment of the disease progression by abstracting trends and changes from the time-ordered data; and extraction of duration information from the symptom data. An initial evaluation of Monitor using 111 cases has shown that the system can classify 88% of the cases correctly.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123703907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diagnostic algorithms are evaluated as a model of medical reasoning in the differentiation of the two syndromes or diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. Linear-discriminant analysis (LDA), nonlinear discriminant analysis (NLDA), and sequential-statistical analysis (SSA) are compared with the decision-making practices of physicians, as they differentiated 175 cases with anterior or posterior aphasia, 789 cases with cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage, and 200 cases of schizophrenia or schizophreniform organic psychosis. Comparisons showed that the clinical decision-making process used by physicians can be approximated by neural sets or parallel distributed processing. Implications for the implementation of computer diagnostic programs in clinical practice are discussed.<>
{"title":"Diagnostic algorithms and clinical diagnostic thinking","authors":"J. Tonkonogy, J. Armstrong","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5449","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnostic algorithms are evaluated as a model of medical reasoning in the differentiation of the two syndromes or diseases with overlapping clinical manifestations. Linear-discriminant analysis (LDA), nonlinear discriminant analysis (NLDA), and sequential-statistical analysis (SSA) are compared with the decision-making practices of physicians, as they differentiated 175 cases with anterior or posterior aphasia, 789 cases with cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage, and 200 cases of schizophrenia or schizophreniform organic psychosis. Comparisons showed that the clinical decision-making process used by physicians can be approximated by neural sets or parallel distributed processing. Implications for the implementation of computer diagnostic programs in clinical practice are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116009602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Fries, K. J. Stoeger, David A. Zombatfalvy, J. A. Roberts, J. Leen, T. A. Grove
A reliability assurance technique for analyzing field data is discussed. Data are accumulated from field service reports and entered on a computer, using dBase III. The data are processed, and tables and graphs are prepared for analysis. Various reliability characteristics, such as mean time between failures and reliability growth, are determined. A report is prepared which is shared with members of the project team, by whom appropriate action is taken.<>
{"title":"A reliability assurance database for analysis of medical product performance","authors":"R. Fries, K. J. Stoeger, David A. Zombatfalvy, J. A. Roberts, J. Leen, T. A. Grove","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5438","url":null,"abstract":"A reliability assurance technique for analyzing field data is discussed. Data are accumulated from field service reports and entered on a computer, using dBase III. The data are processed, and tables and graphs are prepared for analysis. Various reliability characteristics, such as mean time between failures and reliability growth, are determined. A report is prepared which is shared with members of the project team, by whom appropriate action is taken.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134411813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A generalized network-based expert system shell (AGNESS), which has eighteen explanation queries that put more information at the fingertips of the user, the expert and the knowledge engineer, is presented. The system is simple enough to be used in most of today's expert system shells. Other advantages include the use of a computation network to represent expert-defined rules, the ability to handle any well-defined inference method, the increased storage efficiency that comes from sharing constructs whenever possible, and the ability to use both numeric and nonnumeric data. AGNESS' menu-driven interface has several features that make the system friendly and convenient to use. Five expert systems generated by AGNESS are described.<>
{"title":"Applications of a generalized network-based expert system shell-artificial intelligence mini-tutorial. 1","authors":"J. Slagle","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5442","url":null,"abstract":"A generalized network-based expert system shell (AGNESS), which has eighteen explanation queries that put more information at the fingertips of the user, the expert and the knowledge engineer, is presented. The system is simple enough to be used in most of today's expert system shells. Other advantages include the use of a computation network to represent expert-defined rules, the ability to handle any well-defined inference method, the increased storage efficiency that comes from sharing constructs whenever possible, and the ability to use both numeric and nonnumeric data. AGNESS' menu-driven interface has several features that make the system friendly and convenient to use. Five expert systems generated by AGNESS are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"21 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133652736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A description is given of the development of the cardiac volume computer, which exemplifies the successful incorporation of a commercial microcomputer host into a sophisticated medical diagnostic tool. This low-cost system features capabilities previously not widely available to the clinician or researcher, such as accurate ventricular volume waveform and real-time pressure-volume, loops, while presenting an intuitive icon-based and mouse-driven user interface.<>
{"title":"The cardiac volume computer: the development of a real time graphics system using a commercial microcomputer host","authors":"J. Hauck","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5446","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of the development of the cardiac volume computer, which exemplifies the successful incorporation of a commercial microcomputer host into a sophisticated medical diagnostic tool. This low-cost system features capabilities previously not widely available to the clinician or researcher, such as accurate ventricular volume waveform and real-time pressure-volume, loops, while presenting an intuitive icon-based and mouse-driven user interface.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114610976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An example from the cardiac pacemaker industry of safety-orientated software-design methodology is provided. Safety consideration begins upon product description with a hazard analysis whereby potential hazards are classified according to their criticality and rough probability of occurrence. The completed hazard analysis determines the software safety requirements which specify what the system will not do. A system-hazard cross-check matrix is defined that serves to direct the design team to those areas requiring more scrutiny. Traceability matrices provide a verifiable link from safety requirements design to the actual code. This methodology should serve to minimize hazards in the final software product.<>
{"title":"The integration of a formal safety analysis into the future software engineering process: An example from the pacemaker industry","authors":"D. Santel, C. Trautmann, W. Lui","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5465","url":null,"abstract":"An example from the cardiac pacemaker industry of safety-orientated software-design methodology is provided. Safety consideration begins upon product description with a hazard analysis whereby potential hazards are classified according to their criticality and rough probability of occurrence. The completed hazard analysis determines the software safety requirements which specify what the system will not do. A system-hazard cross-check matrix is defined that serves to direct the design team to those areas requiring more scrutiny. Traceability matrices provide a verifiable link from safety requirements design to the actual code. This methodology should serve to minimize hazards in the final software product.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129063139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An overview is given of IVAC Corporations' recent experience in getting FDA approval of the Titrator Sodium Nitroprusside Closed-Loop Module-Model 10K, which received FDA premarket approval on December 17, 1987. A chronology of events is presented. Guidelines for facilitating the process are offered.<>
{"title":"The travail involved in getting FDA approval . . . an overview on what it took to get FDA approval of a medical device with computer technology (A recent experience)","authors":"Albert Paul","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5441","url":null,"abstract":"An overview is given of IVAC Corporations' recent experience in getting FDA approval of the Titrator Sodium Nitroprusside Closed-Loop Module-Model 10K, which received FDA premarket approval on December 17, 1987. A chronology of events is presented. Guidelines for facilitating the process are offered.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127575360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Long, J. Slagle, Michael R. Wick, Erach A. Irani, Patrick R. Weisman, J. Matts, Paul F. Clarkson
The authors document their experiences implementing expert systems in an operational environment. They cover the problems they encountered, the procedures used, and the solutions they found. Issues related to large databases are emphasized, as well as situations, problems, and solutions that are apt to be encountered.<>
{"title":"Lessons learned while implementing expert systems in the real world of clinical trials data analyses: The POSCH AI project","authors":"J. M. Long, J. Slagle, Michael R. Wick, Erach A. Irani, Patrick R. Weisman, J. Matts, Paul F. Clarkson","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5468","url":null,"abstract":"The authors document their experiences implementing expert systems in an operational environment. They cover the problems they encountered, the procedures used, and the solutions they found. Issues related to large databases are emphasized, as well as situations, problems, and solutions that are apt to be encountered.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128688500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. A. Reupke, E. Srinivasan, P. Rigterink, D. Card
The requirements of medical software development and testing are discussed. An approach to building better medical software is described, covering project management, product assurance, software engineering, and prototyping. Lessons learned from practical experience with testing medical systems are examined.<>
{"title":"The need for a rigorous development and testing methodology for medical software","authors":"W. A. Reupke, E. Srinivasan, P. Rigterink, D. Card","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5439","url":null,"abstract":"The requirements of medical software development and testing are discussed. An approach to building better medical software is described, covering project management, product assurance, software engineering, and prototyping. Lessons learned from practical experience with testing medical systems are examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"63 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120864173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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