Analysis approaches that can be used in the design of computer-based systems for medical applications are described. The major contributions are the definition of safety and the development of analysis techniques which allow safety to be quantified. The results presented are of particular importance in medical applications where the inappropriate operation of the computer system can be catastrophic. A microprocessor-based controller developed for an electric wheelchair is described and used as an example to illustrate the basic concepts and modeling techniques. The results demonstrate that reliability considerations alone are insufficient to evaluate the effectiveness of a given design; safety must also be considered to ensure that the best design is selected for a given application.<>
{"title":"Reliability and safety analysis in medical applications of computer technology","authors":"Barry W. Johnson, J. Aylor","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5453","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis approaches that can be used in the design of computer-based systems for medical applications are described. The major contributions are the definition of safety and the development of analysis techniques which allow safety to be quantified. The results presented are of particular importance in medical applications where the inappropriate operation of the computer system can be catastrophic. A microprocessor-based controller developed for an electric wheelchair is described and used as an example to illustrate the basic concepts and modeling techniques. The results demonstrate that reliability considerations alone are insufficient to evaluate the effectiveness of a given design; safety must also be considered to ensure that the best design is selected for a given application.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"37 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116614062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steps that should be taken when major purchases are considered. Subjective evaluation and testing of the system are discussed. The intent is to provide a guide to user concerns at the level of day-to-day use.<>
{"title":"How users evaluate: The target strikes back","authors":"Margaret G. E. Peterson","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5466","url":null,"abstract":"Steps that should be taken when major purchases are considered. Subjective evaluation and testing of the system are discussed. The intent is to provide a guide to user concerns at the level of day-to-day use.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134174175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of artificial intelligence technology and computer-aided design and manufacturing for the design and analysis of custom joint prostheses fabricated on demand for specific patients has been explored. A description is given of the ORTHO-PERT system, an orthopedic healthcare workstation developed for this purpose, focusing on its architecture and unique features. It is the stress and the strain field created by the implant itself that controls the remodeling of the bony tissue around a bioinert implant; the objective has been to create an automated design and manufacturing system that incorporates such knowledge. An expert system for interpretation of forces on hip prosthesis has been implemented. This system known as FEMEX (finite-element-method expert) prepares the basic FEM model for proposed hip prosthesis design. The results of the FEM analysis are heuristically interpreted, and conclusions are drawn and provided to the host expert system.<>
{"title":"Orthopedic implant design, analysis, and manufacturing system","authors":"R. L. Dooley, A. Dingankar, G. Heimke, E. Berg","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5447","url":null,"abstract":"The use of artificial intelligence technology and computer-aided design and manufacturing for the design and analysis of custom joint prostheses fabricated on demand for specific patients has been explored. A description is given of the ORTHO-PERT system, an orthopedic healthcare workstation developed for this purpose, focusing on its architecture and unique features. It is the stress and the strain field created by the implant itself that controls the remodeling of the bony tissue around a bioinert implant; the objective has been to create an automated design and manufacturing system that incorporates such knowledge. An expert system for interpretation of forces on hip prosthesis has been implemented. This system known as FEMEX (finite-element-method expert) prepares the basic FEM model for proposed hip prosthesis design. The results of the FEM analysis are heuristically interpreted, and conclusions are drawn and provided to the host expert system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132105941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An adaptive control system developed for close-loop-supplement oxygen treatment of newborn infants is presented. A proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative controller and a pulse oxymeter for blood oxygen feedback are used to provide a digital control scheme. Preliminary results of human-subject studies comparing standard supplemental oxygen treatment techniques to the proposed closed-loop techniques are presented.<>
{"title":"Criteria for an adaptive fractional inspired oxygen controller","authors":"J. Taube, R. Pillutla, J. Mills","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5461","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive control system developed for close-loop-supplement oxygen treatment of newborn infants is presented. A proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative controller and a pulse oxymeter for blood oxygen feedback are used to provide a digital control scheme. Preliminary results of human-subject studies comparing standard supplemental oxygen treatment techniques to the proposed closed-loop techniques are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133473115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author's experience in assuring the quality of a recent project from the role of the project leader is discussed. This project encompassed the design and development of the software and electronics for a microprocessor-based heart/lung machine. Techniques that were successfully implemented in the heart/lung machine development are discussed and additional recommendations of interest to software projects leaders are presented.<>
{"title":"Quality begins at home: The role of project leader in software quality assurance","authors":"Lynn D. Ihlenfeldt","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5464","url":null,"abstract":"The author's experience in assuring the quality of a recent project from the role of the project leader is discussed. This project encompassed the design and development of the software and electronics for a microprocessor-based heart/lung machine. Techniques that were successfully implemented in the heart/lung machine development are discussed and additional recommendations of interest to software projects leaders are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128923094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need for computer technology of the private practice physician and of the health-care delivery system within the office setting is discussed. The indicated applications are organized around eight major functions of a total physician's office management system. A key point of this presentation is that the private practice physician needs a comprehensive and integrated system. A number of scenarios of developing trends related to computers and automation in medical practice are presented.<>
{"title":"The need of computers in the physician's office","authors":"B. B. Aberst","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5460","url":null,"abstract":"The need for computer technology of the private practice physician and of the health-care delivery system within the office setting is discussed. The indicated applications are organized around eight major functions of a total physician's office management system. A key point of this presentation is that the private practice physician needs a comprehensive and integrated system. A number of scenarios of developing trends related to computers and automation in medical practice are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115606289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CORP, a procedure for recovery from transient faults in real-time sensitive medical applications, is introduced. CORP is more effective than the traditional approach because it relies on concurrent retries executed by two neighbor processors in the array (faulty and assistant), instead of successive retries executed only by the faulty processor. Techniques to analyze how the occurrence of transient/intermittent faults disturbs the execution of a parallel algorithm in linear arrays are discussed. An optimal assistant assignment policy is constructed that maximizes the array performance in the presence of faults. The adaptive implementation of the optimal policy in linear-wavefront arrays using local distributed control and near-neighbor communications is presented.<>
{"title":"CORP-a new recovery procedure for VLSI processor arrays","authors":"E. Manolakos, S. Kung","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5452","url":null,"abstract":"CORP, a procedure for recovery from transient faults in real-time sensitive medical applications, is introduced. CORP is more effective than the traditional approach because it relies on concurrent retries executed by two neighbor processors in the array (faulty and assistant), instead of successive retries executed only by the faulty processor. Techniques to analyze how the occurrence of transient/intermittent faults disturbs the execution of a parallel algorithm in linear arrays are discussed. An optimal assistant assignment policy is constructed that maximizes the array performance in the presence of faults. The adaptive implementation of the optimal policy in linear-wavefront arrays using local distributed control and near-neighbor communications is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130198369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A general approach for designing closed-loop systems that will be safe in the presence of hardware failures in medical instruments is presented. Specific recommendations to attain a fail-safe system are made (i.e. hardware and software features). Special attention is paid to checking the read-only and random-access memories.<>
{"title":"Failsafe design of closed loop systems","authors":"Alvis J. Somerville","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5440","url":null,"abstract":"A general approach for designing closed-loop systems that will be safe in the presence of hardware failures in medical instruments is presented. Specific recommendations to attain a fail-safe system are made (i.e. hardware and software features). Special attention is paid to checking the read-only and random-access memories.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130564422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical data are often voluminous, incomplete, and nonnumeric, making analysis with traditional statistical techniques difficult at best. A generic medical data-analysis system called FRID (finding rules in data), which can handle this type of data, is proposed. Incorporating partitioning heuristics, FRID can be used to initiate broad-based exploratory analysis. The system's flexible design also allows a specific search for the probability of a disease given a single symptom. Results from experiments using this system are presented, as well as plans for its future use.<>
医疗数据通常是大量的、不完整的和非数字的，这使得用传统的统计技术进行分析变得困难。提出了一种能够处理这类数据的通用医疗数据分析系统，称为FRID (finding rules in data)。结合划分启发式，FRID可用于发起广泛的探索性分析。该系统灵活的设计还允许对给定单一症状的疾病概率进行特定搜索。本文给出了该系统的实验结果，并对其未来的应用进行了展望。
{"title":"Exploratory and directed analysis of medical information via dynamic classification trees","authors":"C. Hughes","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5457","url":null,"abstract":"Medical data are often voluminous, incomplete, and nonnumeric, making analysis with traditional statistical techniques difficult at best. A generic medical data-analysis system called FRID (finding rules in data), which can handle this type of data, is proposed. Incorporating partitioning heuristics, FRID can be used to initiate broad-based exploratory analysis. The system's flexible design also allows a specific search for the probability of a disease given a single symptom. Results from experiments using this system are presented, as well as plans for its future use.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122724994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A microcomputer-based generator for random-element stereograms that generates different visual stimuli is described. The system allows any solid-shaped target to be programmed and varied in size or shape, movement and disparity. The generator creates elements on a color monitor with resolution of 750x512 pixels. Target size is dependent on overall monitor size, and programmable movement varies over a large range with three types of movement possible: sinusoidal, triangular and square wave. Both the disparity of the target and the background can be varied by seven picture elements. The entire system consists of a host computer, custom hardware for random stereogram generation, and software. The versatility of the system is demonstrated with eye movement and visual evoked response data.<>
{"title":"A computerized random element stereogram generator: Design and experiments","authors":"M. Obaidat, J. Jagadeesh, L. Leguire","doi":"10.1109/ECBS.1988.5462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECBS.1988.5462","url":null,"abstract":"A microcomputer-based generator for random-element stereograms that generates different visual stimuli is described. The system allows any solid-shaped target to be programmed and varied in size or shape, movement and disparity. The generator creates elements on a color monitor with resolution of 750x512 pixels. Target size is dependent on overall monitor size, and programmable movement varies over a large range with three types of movement possible: sinusoidal, triangular and square wave. Both the disparity of the target and the background can be varied by seven picture elements. The entire system consists of a host computer, custom hardware for random stereogram generation, and software. The versatility of the system is demonstrated with eye movement and visual evoked response data.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":291071,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Engineering of Computer-Based Medical","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124626922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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