Aiming at the problem that traditional CNN network is not good at extracting global features of images, Based on DXVNet network, Conditional Random Fields (CRF) component and pre-trained ViT-Huge (Vision Transformer) are adopted in this paper Transformer model expands and builds a brand new DXVNet-ViT-Huge (JFT) network. CRF component can help the network learn the constraint conditions of each word corresponding prediction label, improve the D-GRU method based word label prediction errors, and improve the accuracy of sequence annotation. The Transformer architecture of the ViT (Huge) model can extract the global feature information of the image, while CNN is better at extracting the local features of the image. Therefore, the ViT (Huge) Huge pre-training model and CNN pre-training model adopt the multi-modal feature fusion technology. Two complementary image feature information is fused by Bi-GRU to improve the performance of network classification. The experimental results show that the newly constructed Dxvnet-Vit-Huge (JFT) model achieves good performance, and the F1 values in the two real public data sets are 6.03% and 7.11% higher than the original DXVNet model, respectively.
{"title":"DXVNet-ViT-Huge (JFT) Multimode Classification Network Based on Vision Transformer","authors":"Haoran Li, Daiwei Li, Haiqing Zhang, Xincheng Luo, Lan Xu, Lulu Qu","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v4n1p59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v4n1p59","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the problem that traditional CNN network is not good at extracting global features of images, Based on DXVNet network, Conditional Random Fields (CRF) component and pre-trained ViT-Huge (Vision Transformer) are adopted in this paper Transformer model expands and builds a brand new DXVNet-ViT-Huge (JFT) network. CRF component can help the network learn the constraint conditions of each word corresponding prediction label, improve the D-GRU method based word label prediction errors, and improve the accuracy of sequence annotation. The Transformer architecture of the ViT (Huge) model can extract the global feature information of the image, while CNN is better at extracting the local features of the image. Therefore, the ViT (Huge) Huge pre-training model and CNN pre-training model adopt the multi-modal feature fusion technology. Two complementary image feature information is fused by Bi-GRU to improve the performance of network classification. The experimental results show that the newly constructed Dxvnet-Vit-Huge (JFT) model achieves good performance, and the F1 values in the two real public data sets are 6.03% and 7.11% higher than the original DXVNet model, respectively.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123369923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keynes spent chapter 12 of the General Theory emphasizing two major points that were extremely important in long run decision making, confidence and expectations. Keynes saw that the technical analysis of the role of confidence in decision making had been overlooked in economics. Keynes corrected this lacuna in the General Theory. Confidence was defined as a function of Keynes’s evidential weight of the argument, V, where V=V (a/h) =w,0?w?1,just as the term “very uncertain”, used three times on p.148 of the General Theory, was defined as a function of a slight amount of information, a definition that is identical to Keynes’s definition of “very uncertain” on p.310 of his A Treatise on Probability. w equaled the degree of the completeness of the relevant information upon which the probabilities were based. Keynes’s definition of V can be found on p.315 of his A Treatise on Probability in chapter 26, titled “The application of probability to conduct”. His discussion of the completeness of the evidence can be found on pp.313-315.The second major point was Keynes’s completely overlooked discussion of the reasonable calculation of probabilities, based on approximate and inexact measures like interval valued probability and his decision weight, c, which he called a conventional coefficient of weight and risk, c, versus the unreasonable calculation of probabilities based on strict or exact mathematical expectations calculations as advocated by Frank Ramsey. The heart of Ramsey’s theory is a reliance on betting quotients and mathematical expectations based on precise probability.
{"title":"Keynes’s Theory, Based on an Imprecise, Interval Valued Approach to Probability, Rejected Ramsey’s Emphasis on the Importance of the Use of Mathematical Expectations in Decision Theory","authors":"M. E. Brady","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v4n1p46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v4n1p46","url":null,"abstract":"Keynes spent chapter 12 of the General Theory emphasizing two major points that were extremely important in long run decision making, confidence and expectations. Keynes saw that the technical analysis of the role of confidence in decision making had been overlooked in economics. Keynes corrected this lacuna in the General Theory. Confidence was defined as a function of Keynes’s evidential weight of the argument, V, where V=V (a/h) =w,0?w?1,just as the term “very uncertain”, used three times on p.148 of the General Theory, was defined as a function of a slight amount of information, a definition that is identical to Keynes’s definition of “very uncertain” on p.310 of his A Treatise on Probability. w equaled the degree of the completeness of the relevant information upon which the probabilities were based. Keynes’s definition of V can be found on p.315 of his A Treatise on Probability in chapter 26, titled “The application of probability to conduct”. His discussion of the completeness of the evidence can be found on pp.313-315.The second major point was Keynes’s completely overlooked discussion of the reasonable calculation of probabilities, based on approximate and inexact measures like interval valued probability and his decision weight, c, which he called a conventional coefficient of weight and risk, c, versus the unreasonable calculation of probabilities based on strict or exact mathematical expectations calculations as advocated by Frank Ramsey. The heart of Ramsey’s theory is a reliance on betting quotients and mathematical expectations based on precise probability.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123773818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective is to study how bitcoin should be used in dollarized economies and how bitcoin is distributed to people according to their life deeds. The bitcoin contradicts all the Keynesian Economic Theory whereas bitcoin increases, its prices increase too, and this is different from the normal theory. How and why bitcoin has been built and the new universal technological techniques behind bitcoin.
{"title":"Simulation of Bitcoin in Dollarized Economies","authors":"J. Salim","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v4n1p41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v4n1p41","url":null,"abstract":"The objective is to study how bitcoin should be used in dollarized economies and how bitcoin is distributed to people according to their life deeds. The bitcoin contradicts all the Keynesian Economic Theory whereas bitcoin increases, its prices increase too, and this is different from the normal theory. How and why bitcoin has been built and the new universal technological techniques behind bitcoin.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116323389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objectives of this study is to examine the influence of internal business environment on the growth of microfinance institutions in Musanze district particularly the three internal factors employee satisfaction internal controls and technologies. This objectives aims to get the results that will invite MFIs to change their mind and adopt new technologies, ensuring good internal controls as well as satisfying their employees so that they can get more profits. The objectives also aim to link employee satisfaction internal controls and technology on the growth of Microfinance institutions in the country which have been left back in the market industry. Probability sampling method was used whereby Stratified sampling technique was applied. Data were collected from 121 employees of 18 microfinance institutions; a researcher used quantitative method for data collection whereby questionnaire instrument of data collection was applied. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Multinomial regression model and SPSS 24 SOFTWARE were also used for Data analysis. The Findings of the study indicates that there is a significant relationship and positive contribution of Employee satisfaction and technology on the growth of Microfinance institutions. This study recommends that Microfinance institutions should ensure that, they adopt technologies, good internal controls and satisfying their workers to ensure the daily MFIs tasks are well achieved.
{"title":"Influence of Internal Business Environment on the Growth of Microfinance Institutions in Rwanda (Case Study Musanze District)","authors":"Happiness Ayoub, Daniel Twesige","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v4n1p23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v4n1p23","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study is to examine the influence of internal business environment on the growth of microfinance institutions in Musanze district particularly the three internal factors employee satisfaction internal controls and technologies. This objectives aims to get the results that will invite MFIs to change their mind and adopt new technologies, ensuring good internal controls as well as satisfying their employees so that they can get more profits. The objectives also aim to link employee satisfaction internal controls and technology on the growth of Microfinance institutions in the country which have been left back in the market industry. Probability sampling method was used whereby Stratified sampling technique was applied. Data were collected from 121 employees of 18 microfinance institutions; a researcher used quantitative method for data collection whereby questionnaire instrument of data collection was applied. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Multinomial regression model and SPSS 24 SOFTWARE were also used for Data analysis. The Findings of the study indicates that there is a significant relationship and positive contribution of Employee satisfaction and technology on the growth of Microfinance institutions. This study recommends that Microfinance institutions should ensure that, they adopt technologies, good internal controls and satisfying their workers to ensure the daily MFIs tasks are well achieved.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131301791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines data from the COMPUSTAT database, and annual reports for the period from 2002Q1 to 2018O4 in African Airlines. The results show that fuel price volatility positively influenced real earnings management such as cash flow from operations and discretionary expenditures. In addition, fuel price volatility also positively to real earnings management such as product costs (but this variable is non-significant).
{"title":"Relationship between Fuel Price Volatility with Earnings Management in African Airlines: The Perspective of Real Activities Earnings Management","authors":"Zhenjia Liu","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v3n4p67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v3n4p67","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines data from the COMPUSTAT database, and annual reports for the period from 2002Q1 to 2018O4 in African Airlines. The results show that fuel price volatility positively influenced real earnings management such as cash flow from operations and discretionary expenditures. In addition, fuel price volatility also positively to real earnings management such as product costs (but this variable is non-significant).","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123532090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study describes a “New Automobile Product Development Design Model” (NA-PDDM) using a “Dual Corporate Engineering Strategy” for the innovation of automobile product engineering fundamental. Specifically, NA-PDDM contains both of the “Exterior design engineering strategy” and “Driving performance design engineering strategy” by using “Customer Science Principle” (CSP). Concretely, the foundation of NA-PDDM consists of the “Automobile Exterior Design Model with 3 Core Methods” (AEDM-3CM), “Automobile Optimal Product Development Design Model” (AOP-DDM) and “CSP-Customer Information Analysis and Navigation System” (CSP-CIANS). The validity of NA-PPMM is then verified through the actual applications to automobile product development design in Toyota and others.
{"title":"A New Automobile Product Development Design Model: Using a Dual Corporate Engineering Strategy","authors":"K. Amasaka","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v4n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v4n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes a “New Automobile Product Development Design Model” (NA-PDDM) using a “Dual Corporate Engineering Strategy” for the innovation of automobile product engineering fundamental. Specifically, NA-PDDM contains both of the “Exterior design engineering strategy” and “Driving performance design engineering strategy” by using “Customer Science Principle” (CSP). Concretely, the foundation of NA-PDDM consists of the “Automobile Exterior Design Model with 3 Core Methods” (AEDM-3CM), “Automobile Optimal Product Development Design Model” (AOP-DDM) and “CSP-Customer Information Analysis and Navigation System” (CSP-CIANS). The validity of NA-PPMM is then verified through the actual applications to automobile product development design in Toyota and others.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123688111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The population of participants in this study included academic and industry experts that the number of samples was selected based on the method of snowball sampling to people. In data analysis, first, codes and components of financial agility were extracted from the interviews and developed in the form of a conceptual data model of the foundation. The central category was financial agility, which was presented in 3 dimensions, as well as causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and results, and the final model was presented. Then, using Delphi analysis method, design questionnaire and initial model were presented by experts in correction, approval and financial streamlining model of supply chain process of commercial companies in Iran. Second-order factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) have been used. In general, the research findings of this section also showed that there is a significant relationship between causal conditions and the central category. the results of this study, the main categories of the developed model include intra-organizational, technological and human factors of financial agility of the supply chain process of commercial companies in Iran, based on which the expected consequences of the financial agility model can be achieved.
{"title":"Designing and Explaining the Structural Model of Financial Agility of the Supply Chain Process of Commercial Companies in Iran with a Combined Approach","authors":"Reza Khalilzade, P. Saeidi","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v3n4p47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v3n4p47","url":null,"abstract":"The population of participants in this study included academic and industry experts that the number of samples was selected based on the method of snowball sampling to people. In data analysis, first, codes and components of financial agility were extracted from the interviews and developed in the form of a conceptual data model of the foundation. The central category was financial agility, which was presented in 3 dimensions, as well as causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and results, and the final model was presented. Then, using Delphi analysis method, design questionnaire and initial model were presented by experts in correction, approval and financial streamlining model of supply chain process of commercial companies in Iran. Second-order factor analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) have been used. In general, the research findings of this section also showed that there is a significant relationship between causal conditions and the central category. the results of this study, the main categories of the developed model include intra-organizational, technological and human factors of financial agility of the supply chain process of commercial companies in Iran, based on which the expected consequences of the financial agility model can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114531282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable Supply Chain Management has become an essential portion of business strategy for almost all sectors. However, not so much is understood about the wider effects of sustainability practices on the ability of the SC to endure disruptions. The aim of this study was therefore to scrutinize the effect of sustainability practices on supply chain resilience in the development of a circular economy in Nigeria. This study was steered within the horizon of qualitative method with a philosophical research paradigm of constructivism. The study used twenty-one (21) Consumer Goods Firm in Nigeria as population and sample. Primary data was explored using key informant interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected. The study reveals that sustainability practices contribute to supply chain resilience in the development of a circular economy. The research concluded that, cradle to cradle practice, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability play a major role in ensuring resiliency of consumer goods firms’ supply chains especially in developing a circular economy. The outcome of this research is expected to lead to the development of a circular economy in Nigeria. The study will be of significance to Nigerian government, consumer goods companies, practitioners, regulatory bodies, and researchers.
{"title":"Sustainability Practices and Supply Chain Resilience in the Development of a Circular Economy: A Study of Nigeria","authors":"Usman Abbas, S. Hassan, Nuraddeen M. Usman","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v3n4p30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v3n4p30","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management has become an essential portion of business strategy for almost all sectors. However, not so much is understood about the wider effects of sustainability practices on the ability of the SC to endure disruptions. The aim of this study was therefore to scrutinize the effect of sustainability practices on supply chain resilience in the development of a circular economy in Nigeria. This study was steered within the horizon of qualitative method with a philosophical research paradigm of constructivism. The study used twenty-one (21) Consumer Goods Firm in Nigeria as population and sample. Primary data was explored using key informant interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data collected. The study reveals that sustainability practices contribute to supply chain resilience in the development of a circular economy. The research concluded that, cradle to cradle practice, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability play a major role in ensuring resiliency of consumer goods firms’ supply chains especially in developing a circular economy. The outcome of this research is expected to lead to the development of a circular economy in Nigeria. The study will be of significance to Nigerian government, consumer goods companies, practitioners, regulatory bodies, and researchers.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115410637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet is a blessing for humankind where one can have all good-things rather bad-things from it. It is easy to get stuck into dark-&-ugly world of civilization with just a click to online-sexual-activities—Pornography and Online-live-sex. Besides emotional-problems, it has linkages with today’s high-rise-rate of divorce, rape, family-conflicts in society country-wise such as Bangladesh. For policy-guidance, this study analyses basic issues of Online-sex-market in terms of marginal-damage analysis under neoclassical partial equilibrium demand-supply theory. It further analyses the reasons of disparity between social-cost and private-cost by conventional marginal-damage analysis. Findings show that because of online-sex-activities, marginal social-costs are higher than marginal private-costs. Continuation of increasing it in Bangladesh, results a higher welfare-loss incurred from higher social-costs. Because of its high rise demand due to continuation of rising per-capita-income and having easy-access to supportive-factors, prices of services are becoming upward-trends, which dominate producer-surplus. Service-providers generate high revenues and consumers face high market-prices, which create higher deadweight-losses. Thus, there is an urgency for national policy-design. Probable-policies can advance in three-folds a) how to quit online-sex b) how to perform treatment of online-sex-addiction and c) how to prevent newcomers. Besides having effective-monitoring, raising awareness and engaging public, Internet-companies & officials, calling for Conferences may play significant-roles country-wise.
{"title":"Tech-advancement Vs. Online Sexual Activities Country-wise: Market Economic Assessment under Welfare Analysis","authors":"A. Rahman","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v3n4p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v3n4p11","url":null,"abstract":"Internet is a blessing for humankind where one can have all good-things rather bad-things from it. It is easy to get stuck into dark-&-ugly world of civilization with just a click to online-sexual-activities—Pornography and Online-live-sex. Besides emotional-problems, it has linkages with today’s high-rise-rate of divorce, rape, family-conflicts in society country-wise such as Bangladesh. For policy-guidance, this study analyses basic issues of Online-sex-market in terms of marginal-damage analysis under neoclassical partial equilibrium demand-supply theory. It further analyses the reasons of disparity between social-cost and private-cost by conventional marginal-damage analysis. Findings show that because of online-sex-activities, marginal social-costs are higher than marginal private-costs. Continuation of increasing it in Bangladesh, results a higher welfare-loss incurred from higher social-costs. Because of its high rise demand due to continuation of rising per-capita-income and having easy-access to supportive-factors, prices of services are becoming upward-trends, which dominate producer-surplus. Service-providers generate high revenues and consumers face high market-prices, which create higher deadweight-losses. Thus, there is an urgency for national policy-design. Probable-policies can advance in three-folds a) how to quit online-sex b) how to perform treatment of online-sex-addiction and c) how to prevent newcomers. Besides having effective-monitoring, raising awareness and engaging public, Internet-companies & officials, calling for Conferences may play significant-roles country-wise.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115257929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating role of charitable marketing in the effect of advertising on attracting customers of sports clubs in Karaj city. The research method was applied descriptive which was conducted by field method using questionnaire. The statistical population included the athletes of sports clubs in Karaj city. The sample size was determined as 332 people based on Morgan’s table. The measurement tools included advertisement questionnaire (Moghimi & Ramezani, 2007) and customer attraction questionnaire (Ravanbakhsh, 2019). Content and face validity of questionnaires were confirmed by management professors and Cronbach’s alpha reliability was reported as 0.72 for advertisement questionnaire and Cronbach’s alpha reliability of customer attraction questionnaire was reported as 0.71. To analyze the research hypotheses, the structural equation model was used by spss19 and Amos23 software. The findings of the research showed that charitable marketing has a mediating role in the effect of advertising on the attraction of customers of sports clubs in Karaj city, and this type of mediating is a partial mediating type. Therefore, it can be concluded that by using charitable marketing, new customers can be attracted to sports clubs, and charitable marketing is also a kind of advertisement for the club.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Advertising on Attracting Customers of Sports Clubs in Karaj City","authors":"Akbar Mahdavi, Mohammad Tagizadeh, R. Ahmadi","doi":"10.22158/jetr.v3n4p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/jetr.v3n4p1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating role of charitable marketing in the effect of advertising on attracting customers of sports clubs in Karaj city. The research method was applied descriptive which was conducted by field method using questionnaire. The statistical population included the athletes of sports clubs in Karaj city. The sample size was determined as 332 people based on Morgan’s table. The measurement tools included advertisement questionnaire (Moghimi & Ramezani, 2007) and customer attraction questionnaire (Ravanbakhsh, 2019). Content and face validity of questionnaires were confirmed by management professors and Cronbach’s alpha reliability was reported as 0.72 for advertisement questionnaire and Cronbach’s alpha reliability of customer attraction questionnaire was reported as 0.71. To analyze the research hypotheses, the structural equation model was used by spss19 and Amos23 software. The findings of the research showed that charitable marketing has a mediating role in the effect of advertising on the attraction of customers of sports clubs in Karaj city, and this type of mediating is a partial mediating type. Therefore, it can be concluded that by using charitable marketing, new customers can be attracted to sports clubs, and charitable marketing is also a kind of advertisement for the club.","PeriodicalId":292161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economics and Technology Research","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129640544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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