Xiqian Wu, Xiaofang Zhang, Weiyun Ding, D. Ruan, Yuanjing Hou
Based on FLUENT software, the flow field of cooling oil between a friction pair in an engaged wet dual clutch is simulated and the influence of groove structural parameters on the flow filed characteristics of cooling oil is studied. The results show that the structural parameters of radial groove have a great influence on the cooling oil flow field between a friction pair. When the inclination direction of groove is opposite to the rotation direction of friction pair, the groove inclination angle has a great influence on oil flow field between fiction pair, and the influence is relatively small when the groove inclination angle is consistent with the rotation direction of friction pair. In addition, the velocity distribution trend in the inclined radial groove is the same as that of the inclination angle = 0, but the velocity magnitude is larger and the highest velocity appears near the opposite side of the groove to the inclined direction of the grooves either for clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation of the friction pair. On the other hand, when the cross sectional area of the groove is kept constant, the average velocity in the central circumferential section of the groove is decreased rapidly with the increase of the groove aspect ratio (width to depth ratio) until the aspect ratio is equal to 5, and then slowly.
{"title":"Influences of Groove Geometry of Friction Disk on the Flow in an Engaged Wet Dual Clutch","authors":"Xiqian Wu, Xiaofang Zhang, Weiyun Ding, D. Ruan, Yuanjing Hou","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94981","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Based on FLUENT software, the flow field of cooling oil between a friction pair in an engaged wet dual clutch is simulated and the influence of groove structural parameters on the flow filed characteristics of cooling oil is studied. The results show that the structural parameters of radial groove have a great influence on the cooling oil flow field between a friction pair. When the inclination direction of groove is opposite to the rotation direction of friction pair, the groove inclination angle has a great influence on oil flow field between fiction pair, and the influence is relatively small when the groove inclination angle is consistent with the rotation direction of friction pair. In addition, the velocity distribution trend in the inclined radial groove is the same as that of the inclination angle = 0, but the velocity magnitude is larger and the highest velocity appears near the opposite side of the groove to the inclined direction of the grooves either for clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation of the friction pair. On the other hand, when the cross sectional area of the groove is kept constant, the average velocity in the central circumferential section of the groove is decreased rapidly with the increase of the groove aspect ratio (width to depth ratio) until the aspect ratio is equal to 5, and then slowly.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"7 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131751048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents the experimental characterization of pool boiling heat transfer enhancement on cylindrical tubes with circumferential micro-channels using saturated water at atmospheric pressure as the working fluid. Three engineered copper tubes with 300 μm, 600 μm and 900 μm fin width and a fixed 400 μm channel width with 410 μm channel depth were machined using CNC. To compare the boiling enhancement on engineered tubes, one plain copper tube was used as the reference heater. The active heating area on the cylindrical tubes had a dimension of 9.5 mm outer diameter and 10.5 mm length. A custom-built cylindrical heater was designed using a nichrome wire coil of 30 AWG with a resistance of 19.57 Ω/inch of coil to provide joule heating to the cylindrical tubes. The electrical wire was insulated from the copper heater using a thin layer of alumina paste. The saturated pool boiling tests up to critical heat flux (CHF) were conducted at atmospheric pressure. While an approximate CHF of ∼70 W/cm2 was achieved for the plain copper tube, the cylindrical tube with microchannel geometry showed a CHF range of 131–144 W/cm2 that corresponds to 87%–100% enhancement as compared to plain cylindrical tube.
{"title":"Critical Heat Flux Enhancement on Cylindrical Tubes With Circumferential Micro-Channels During Saturated Pool Boiling of Water","authors":"Omar Hernandez Rodriguez, Md Mahamudur Rahman","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95846","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This work presents the experimental characterization of pool boiling heat transfer enhancement on cylindrical tubes with circumferential micro-channels using saturated water at atmospheric pressure as the working fluid. Three engineered copper tubes with 300 μm, 600 μm and 900 μm fin width and a fixed 400 μm channel width with 410 μm channel depth were machined using CNC. To compare the boiling enhancement on engineered tubes, one plain copper tube was used as the reference heater. The active heating area on the cylindrical tubes had a dimension of 9.5 mm outer diameter and 10.5 mm length. A custom-built cylindrical heater was designed using a nichrome wire coil of 30 AWG with a resistance of 19.57 Ω/inch of coil to provide joule heating to the cylindrical tubes. The electrical wire was insulated from the copper heater using a thin layer of alumina paste. The saturated pool boiling tests up to critical heat flux (CHF) were conducted at atmospheric pressure. While an approximate CHF of ∼70 W/cm2 was achieved for the plain copper tube, the cylindrical tube with microchannel geometry showed a CHF range of 131–144 W/cm2 that corresponds to 87%–100% enhancement as compared to plain cylindrical tube.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115145695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The condensation heat transfer phenomenon of immiscible mixed vapors often occurs in industrial environments, such as the waste heat recovery process of raw coal gas, biomass gasification gas and other high-temperature gas. The immiscible mixed vapors can be condensed outside the heat exchange wall and generate an immiscible condensate film attached to the wall, so the flow characteristics of immiscible mixtures condensate have significant effect on the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. However, there is currently a lack of research on the flow mechanism of immiscible mixtures outside the wall, and there is no effective ways to control the flow pattern on the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to study the flow characteristics of immiscible mixtures outside the wall. In this work, silicone oil and water were used as immiscible mixtures, and the flow characteristics of immiscible mixtures on the vertical wall under different inlet flow velocities were studied by numerical simulations. The results showed that when the immiscible mixtures flowed to a stable state within all the range of study conditions, the silicone oil phase adhered to the wall in the form of a liquid film, while the water phase existed on the oil film. However, the difference of inlet velocity of immiscible mixtures could affect flow patterns. The immiscible mixtures presented a Film-drop flow pattern on the wall at a low inlet flow velocity, that is the water phase existed on the oil film in the form of droplets. As the inlet flow velocity of the mixtures increased, the immiscible mixtures presented a Film-drop and Channel flow pattern, and water existed on the oil film in the form of droplets and channels. During the flow process of the oil-water immiscible mixtures on the wall, the flow velocity of the oil film was always lower than that of the water phase under the different flow patterns. The oil phase dominated the overall flow velocity of the mixtures, and the overall fluidity of the mixtures liquid film could be increased by improving the flow velocity of oil phase. In addition, the flow of the water phase on the oil film could improve the flow velocity of the oil film, increased the shear stress of the oil-phase interface and disturbed the thickness of the oil film. The results can provide reference for the flow characteristics of immiscible condensate film on the wall surface.
{"title":"Study on the Flow Characteristics of Immiscible Mixtures on Vertical Wall","authors":"Weilong Zhang, Yuxuan Chen, Ying Huang, Yudong Ding, Q. Liao, Min Cheng","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96871","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The condensation heat transfer phenomenon of immiscible mixed vapors often occurs in industrial environments, such as the waste heat recovery process of raw coal gas, biomass gasification gas and other high-temperature gas. The immiscible mixed vapors can be condensed outside the heat exchange wall and generate an immiscible condensate film attached to the wall, so the flow characteristics of immiscible mixtures condensate have significant effect on the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. However, there is currently a lack of research on the flow mechanism of immiscible mixtures outside the wall, and there is no effective ways to control the flow pattern on the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to study the flow characteristics of immiscible mixtures outside the wall. In this work, silicone oil and water were used as immiscible mixtures, and the flow characteristics of immiscible mixtures on the vertical wall under different inlet flow velocities were studied by numerical simulations. The results showed that when the immiscible mixtures flowed to a stable state within all the range of study conditions, the silicone oil phase adhered to the wall in the form of a liquid film, while the water phase existed on the oil film. However, the difference of inlet velocity of immiscible mixtures could affect flow patterns. The immiscible mixtures presented a Film-drop flow pattern on the wall at a low inlet flow velocity, that is the water phase existed on the oil film in the form of droplets. As the inlet flow velocity of the mixtures increased, the immiscible mixtures presented a Film-drop and Channel flow pattern, and water existed on the oil film in the form of droplets and channels. During the flow process of the oil-water immiscible mixtures on the wall, the flow velocity of the oil film was always lower than that of the water phase under the different flow patterns. The oil phase dominated the overall flow velocity of the mixtures, and the overall fluidity of the mixtures liquid film could be increased by improving the flow velocity of oil phase. In addition, the flow of the water phase on the oil film could improve the flow velocity of the oil film, increased the shear stress of the oil-phase interface and disturbed the thickness of the oil film. The results can provide reference for the flow characteristics of immiscible condensate film on the wall surface.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128679342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) corrosion in the overhead condensation system of crude distillation units is a common occurrence in refinery worldwide. The HCl corrosion can not only reduce the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, but also lead to the thinning of the heat exchanger wall, and even cause perforation and leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to study the corrosion and heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger under this condition, in order to improve the heat transfer performance and safety. In this paper, a 3-D finned tube with high heat exchange efficiency was used to study the corrosion and heat transfer characteristics with the moist air containing HCl outside it. The effects of different H2O volume fraction and HCl volume fraction on the HCl dew point of the 3D finned tube were studied. The corresponding HCl dew point prediction formula was fitted by the experimental data. In addition, the heat transfer characteristics of 3-D finned tube with HCl-H2O vapors outside was studied. The experimental results showed that the HCl dew point increased with an increase of the H2O volume fraction and HCl volume fraction. Furthermore, for the 3-D finned tube, the heat transfer coefficient increased with an increase of the H2O volume fraction and HCl volume fraction. In addition, when the H2O volume fraction was 10%, the 3-D finned tube had 87.2%–95.4% higher heat transfer coefficient and 91.3%–97.1% higher heat transfer rate compared with the smooth tube.
{"title":"Experimental Research on the Corrosion and Heat Transfer Characteristics of HCl-H2O Vapors Outside a 3-D Finned Tube","authors":"Ying Huang, Yuxuan Chen, Weilong Zhang, Yudong Ding, Q. Liao, Min Cheng","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96627","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) corrosion in the overhead condensation system of crude distillation units is a common occurrence in refinery worldwide. The HCl corrosion can not only reduce the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger, but also lead to the thinning of the heat exchanger wall, and even cause perforation and leakage. Therefore, it is necessary to study the corrosion and heat transfer characteristics of the heat exchanger under this condition, in order to improve the heat transfer performance and safety. In this paper, a 3-D finned tube with high heat exchange efficiency was used to study the corrosion and heat transfer characteristics with the moist air containing HCl outside it. The effects of different H2O volume fraction and HCl volume fraction on the HCl dew point of the 3D finned tube were studied. The corresponding HCl dew point prediction formula was fitted by the experimental data. In addition, the heat transfer characteristics of 3-D finned tube with HCl-H2O vapors outside was studied. The experimental results showed that the HCl dew point increased with an increase of the H2O volume fraction and HCl volume fraction. Furthermore, for the 3-D finned tube, the heat transfer coefficient increased with an increase of the H2O volume fraction and HCl volume fraction. In addition, when the H2O volume fraction was 10%, the 3-D finned tube had 87.2%–95.4% higher heat transfer coefficient and 91.3%–97.1% higher heat transfer rate compared with the smooth tube.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134034303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Foltynski, Jason Franqui, Andriy Vasiyschouk, R. Mudryy, K. Blecker
Ammunition packaging is a critical safety component throughout a munitions lifecycle. Packaged munitions are subjected to a series of harmonized Insensitive Munitions (IM) and Final Hazard Classification (FHC) tests that dictate limits on storage and transportation operations. System level IM tests include bullet and fragment impact, fast and slow heating and sympathetic detonations among others. The reaction severity of packaged ammunition to each external stimulus creates the basis for the final hazard classification. Detonations and explosions result in restrictive shipping and storage quantities. Benign reactions result in less restrictive final hazard classifications that allow for improved logistical efficiencies. Significant studies are being conducted to improve insensitivity and hazard classifications of legacy munitions without redesigning the ammunition or energetic material. This work investigates the integration of phase change materials (PCM) into munitions packaging to improve IM reactions during fast and slow heating. Both fast and slow heating are possible occurrences in the military ammunition lifecycle due to vehicle accidents, fuel spills or enemy actions. The materials in question are a solid, wax-like substance that begin to melt at a specific temperature. Once the PCM reaches it latent heat of fusion it acts as a heat sink that can absorb large amounts of energy. This property may help improve cook-off reactions of packaged ammunition that is exposed to an uncontrolled external heat source such as a fuel fire. Limiting and delaying heat transfer to extremely sensitive primary explosives and igniters may allow less sensitive components to burn out and prevent a detonation or explosion. Material testing was conducted to quantify the thermal characteristics of several PCM configurations. A legacy mortar package was selected as the test bed with a focus on the propulsion charge and its ignition train. A numerical model was utilized to identify potential designs for evaluation. Limited free volume created a challenge to fit enough PCM into the required areas needed to achieve the desired result. Full scale heating tests were conducted with an inert munition to collect system thermal data, including interactions of multiple layers of packaging materials. The PCM influenced the thermal response of the legacy packaging system as compared against baseline data. When used in specific locations and quantity for the packaging system in question, the PCM absorbs enough heat energy to show a measurable decrease in munition skin temperature at critical points of interest. The findings show that phase change materials may reduce reaction severity of legacy munitions by influencing heat transfer in designated areas. A robust and economical containment method for PCM is still required for munition applications.
{"title":"Material Characterization of Phase Change Materials for Munitions Safety Applications","authors":"Jacek Foltynski, Jason Franqui, Andriy Vasiyschouk, R. Mudryy, K. Blecker","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94225","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Ammunition packaging is a critical safety component throughout a munitions lifecycle. Packaged munitions are subjected to a series of harmonized Insensitive Munitions (IM) and Final Hazard Classification (FHC) tests that dictate limits on storage and transportation operations. System level IM tests include bullet and fragment impact, fast and slow heating and sympathetic detonations among others. The reaction severity of packaged ammunition to each external stimulus creates the basis for the final hazard classification. Detonations and explosions result in restrictive shipping and storage quantities. Benign reactions result in less restrictive final hazard classifications that allow for improved logistical efficiencies. Significant studies are being conducted to improve insensitivity and hazard classifications of legacy munitions without redesigning the ammunition or energetic material. This work investigates the integration of phase change materials (PCM) into munitions packaging to improve IM reactions during fast and slow heating. Both fast and slow heating are possible occurrences in the military ammunition lifecycle due to vehicle accidents, fuel spills or enemy actions. The materials in question are a solid, wax-like substance that begin to melt at a specific temperature. Once the PCM reaches it latent heat of fusion it acts as a heat sink that can absorb large amounts of energy. This property may help improve cook-off reactions of packaged ammunition that is exposed to an uncontrolled external heat source such as a fuel fire. Limiting and delaying heat transfer to extremely sensitive primary explosives and igniters may allow less sensitive components to burn out and prevent a detonation or explosion. Material testing was conducted to quantify the thermal characteristics of several PCM configurations. A legacy mortar package was selected as the test bed with a focus on the propulsion charge and its ignition train. A numerical model was utilized to identify potential designs for evaluation. Limited free volume created a challenge to fit enough PCM into the required areas needed to achieve the desired result. Full scale heating tests were conducted with an inert munition to collect system thermal data, including interactions of multiple layers of packaging materials. The PCM influenced the thermal response of the legacy packaging system as compared against baseline data. When used in specific locations and quantity for the packaging system in question, the PCM absorbs enough heat energy to show a measurable decrease in munition skin temperature at critical points of interest. The findings show that phase change materials may reduce reaction severity of legacy munitions by influencing heat transfer in designated areas. A robust and economical containment method for PCM is still required for munition applications.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132758311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Adegbaye, Yong Pei, M. Kabir, Herve Cabrel Sandja Tchamba, Bao Yang, Jiajun Xu
For spacecraft thermal management systems, it is crucial to diminish the overall mass of onboard thermal storage system and minimize the temperature fluctuations when the environmental temperature changes drastically. Since there is no atmosphere in outer space, heat can only be rejected to space using radiation (e.g., radiators). The heat sink conditions, and the heating power subjected to be rejected vary continuously at the orbiting stage of the spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is required to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. Possessing a large latent heat of fusion, PCMs can store an enormous amount of thermal energy within a small volume, which makes them ideal for spacecraft thermal management systems. The heating power required to be rejected as well as the heat sink conditions vary steadily at the orbiting stage of spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is needed to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. By engaging and integrating phase-change materials (PCMs) into a passive two-phase heat exchanger, the radiator can be designed and sized for the average rather than the maximum power. This study aims to develop phase-change materials (PCMs) using nanostructured graphitic foams to enhance thermal conductivity of PCMs for improved thermal response in thermal storage applications. In the present study, the correlation of additive’s mass concentration and particle size on the thermal properties of PCM mixtures are investigated experimentally and numerically. Introduction of conductivity enhancing additives into the base PCMs will negatively affect the latent heat of fusion while improving thermal conductivity. Analytical and experimental results for latent heat of fusion are shown to be in good agreement, indicating that as mass concentration of graphitic foam (i.e., C-Foam) increases, the latent heat of PCM decreases consistently. The simulation results also reveal that a small fraction of porous C-Foam additives can significantly enhance thermal conductivity of the base PCM.
{"title":"Development of Phase-Change Materials with Improved Thermal Properties for Space-Related Applications","authors":"P. Adegbaye, Yong Pei, M. Kabir, Herve Cabrel Sandja Tchamba, Bao Yang, Jiajun Xu","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94380","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For spacecraft thermal management systems, it is crucial to diminish the overall mass of onboard thermal storage system and minimize the temperature fluctuations when the environmental temperature changes drastically. Since there is no atmosphere in outer space, heat can only be rejected to space using radiation (e.g., radiators). The heat sink conditions, and the heating power subjected to be rejected vary continuously at the orbiting stage of the spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is required to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. Possessing a large latent heat of fusion, PCMs can store an enormous amount of thermal energy within a small volume, which makes them ideal for spacecraft thermal management systems. The heating power required to be rejected as well as the heat sink conditions vary steadily at the orbiting stage of spacecraft. Without thermal storage capability, the radiator is needed to be large enough to release the highest power at the hottest of the heat sink. By engaging and integrating phase-change materials (PCMs) into a passive two-phase heat exchanger, the radiator can be designed and sized for the average rather than the maximum power.\u0000 This study aims to develop phase-change materials (PCMs) using nanostructured graphitic foams to enhance thermal conductivity of PCMs for improved thermal response in thermal storage applications. In the present study, the correlation of additive’s mass concentration and particle size on the thermal properties of PCM mixtures are investigated experimentally and numerically. Introduction of conductivity enhancing additives into the base PCMs will negatively affect the latent heat of fusion while improving thermal conductivity. Analytical and experimental results for latent heat of fusion are shown to be in good agreement, indicating that as mass concentration of graphitic foam (i.e., C-Foam) increases, the latent heat of PCM decreases consistently. The simulation results also reveal that a small fraction of porous C-Foam additives can significantly enhance thermal conductivity of the base PCM.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125788700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Bamberger, L. Pease, Jason E. Serkowski, M. Minette, C. Burns
Lateral displacement arrays are useful for separating particles such as blood cells and sand from carrier fluids. These arrays consist of staggered posts, which allow smaller particles to follow streamlines and larger particles to flow around the posts and migrate to one side. This migration increases the particle concentration in one direction and depletes the particle concentration in the other direction allowing particle separation to occur. Experiments were conducted to separate large particles in non-Newtonian yield stress slurries using tapered bump arrays. The non-Newtonian slurry used was composed of a bentonite kaolin blend with the inclusion of larger diameter particles. These experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of particle separation using a tapered array of staggered posts as configured in a bump array for non-Newtonian yield stress slurries, an application that has not been explored experimentally. The results of these experiments are described. This information could be applied in industrial settings such as separation of particles from nuclear waste slurries including those to be processed at the Hanford site, where removing large particles from waste streams is important to processing.
{"title":"Experimental Results for Large Particle Separation From Non-Newtonian Slurries Using Tapered Bump Arrays","authors":"J. Bamberger, L. Pease, Jason E. Serkowski, M. Minette, C. Burns","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-94469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94469","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lateral displacement arrays are useful for separating particles such as blood cells and sand from carrier fluids. These arrays consist of staggered posts, which allow smaller particles to follow streamlines and larger particles to flow around the posts and migrate to one side. This migration increases the particle concentration in one direction and depletes the particle concentration in the other direction allowing particle separation to occur.\u0000 Experiments were conducted to separate large particles in non-Newtonian yield stress slurries using tapered bump arrays. The non-Newtonian slurry used was composed of a bentonite kaolin blend with the inclusion of larger diameter particles. These experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of particle separation using a tapered array of staggered posts as configured in a bump array for non-Newtonian yield stress slurries, an application that has not been explored experimentally. The results of these experiments are described. This information could be applied in industrial settings such as separation of particles from nuclear waste slurries including those to be processed at the Hanford site, where removing large particles from waste streams is important to processing.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125225598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the ever-increasing demand to reduce the product development cycle, Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC) utilizes diverse CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) tools to develop its motorcycles. These CAE tools assist resolving fluid, thermal and/or structural design refinements and challenges while minimizing the need to use physical models or prototypes, to achieve our goal of a complete virtual product development cycle and decreased time-to-market. The growing computational power and resource availability enables the option to simulate more complex physics with higher resolution and accuracy. The compatibility of the various CAE tools available provide options to choose the best tool based on the physics required and integrate with other applications. This paper demonstrates an automated integration of a compact and complex vehicle CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) – CHT (Computational Heat Transfer) analysis, which provides a predictive solution for flow-thermal state of the vehicle, exhaust system, rider ambient, and electronic component internals. The focus of this paper is the methodology that encompasses physics of these models, the associated meshes, and the automated integration of the two. The paper discusses the utilization of aforementioned software tools to support a highly advanced and complex vehicle CAE flow-thermal predictive solution. Furthermore, the paper talks about how to arrive at a robust and detailed prediction of thermal state of vehicle with its electronic component internals such as LED (light-emitting diode), PCB (printed circuit board), and IC (integrated circuit) semiconductors, all driven by a combined external and internal thermo-fluidic flow and electronic operation waste heat. The paper exhibits the versatility of a single CAE model which combines a full vehicle external aerodynamics CFD model and a stripped down CHT model consisting of powertrain, exhaust, cooling system, rider, and partial bodywork which are significant to meet the analysis objectives. The early intervention of these CAE techniques in the motorcycle development process accelerates the component design evaluation by eliminating/modifying initial designs based on the analyses results and assists in making educated and well-informed decisions. The visual representation of the analysis findings provides extremely valuable information which are sometimes not possible to obtain in a physical test environment and can save re-testing time and avoid delays as the test community strives to get data from those systems and components. Our integrated CFD-CHT analysis method is comprised of full vehicle external aerodynamics CFD module with the export of local air conjugate heat transfer coefficients and reference temperatures, following the import of solid surface boundary temperatures computed via the computational heat transfer (CHT) module, and the automated integration and boundary data exchange iterations between the two modules. CHT module co
{"title":"Integration of CFD-CHT Analyses to Develop Harley-Davidson Motorcycles","authors":"A. Gupta, M. Rajaee","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-95108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the ever-increasing demand to reduce the product development cycle, Harley-Davidson Motor Company (HDMC) utilizes diverse CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) tools to develop its motorcycles. These CAE tools assist resolving fluid, thermal and/or structural design refinements and challenges while minimizing the need to use physical models or prototypes, to achieve our goal of a complete virtual product development cycle and decreased time-to-market. The growing computational power and resource availability enables the option to simulate more complex physics with higher resolution and accuracy. The compatibility of the various CAE tools available provide options to choose the best tool based on the physics required and integrate with other applications.\u0000 This paper demonstrates an automated integration of a compact and complex vehicle CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) – CHT (Computational Heat Transfer) analysis, which provides a predictive solution for flow-thermal state of the vehicle, exhaust system, rider ambient, and electronic component internals. The focus of this paper is the methodology that encompasses physics of these models, the associated meshes, and the automated integration of the two. The paper discusses the utilization of aforementioned software tools to support a highly advanced and complex vehicle CAE flow-thermal predictive solution. Furthermore, the paper talks about how to arrive at a robust and detailed prediction of thermal state of vehicle with its electronic component internals such as LED (light-emitting diode), PCB (printed circuit board), and IC (integrated circuit) semiconductors, all driven by a combined external and internal thermo-fluidic flow and electronic operation waste heat.\u0000 The paper exhibits the versatility of a single CAE model which combines a full vehicle external aerodynamics CFD model and a stripped down CHT model consisting of powertrain, exhaust, cooling system, rider, and partial bodywork which are significant to meet the analysis objectives. The early intervention of these CAE techniques in the motorcycle development process accelerates the component design evaluation by eliminating/modifying initial designs based on the analyses results and assists in making educated and well-informed decisions. The visual representation of the analysis findings provides extremely valuable information which are sometimes not possible to obtain in a physical test environment and can save re-testing time and avoid delays as the test community strives to get data from those systems and components.\u0000 Our integrated CFD-CHT analysis method is comprised of full vehicle external aerodynamics CFD module with the export of local air conjugate heat transfer coefficients and reference temperatures, following the import of solid surface boundary temperatures computed via the computational heat transfer (CHT) module, and the automated integration and boundary data exchange iterations between the two modules. CHT module co","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121219691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathan Malone, S. Chakravarty, Shiyu Zhang, D. Talebi, Sri Vignesh Sankarraman, E. Pool, Deokgeun Park, Ethan T. Iverson, Chase Wiley, P. Shamberger, D. Antao, M. Gardner, H. Toliyat, P. Enjeti, Bryan P. Rasmussen, J. Grunlan, Moble Benedict, J. Felts
This study investigates a novel hybrid cooling method for more weight efficient thermal management of aerospace electric propulsion motors using thermal energy storage (TES) elements. The proposed system utilizes the latent heating of TES in the form of SAPO-34 zeolite slabs hydrated with water to maintain stable operating temperatures during takeoff. The TES operates in parallel with a fluid cooling system comprised of minichannel heatsinks attached to the stator windings and exterior air heat exchanger. Thermoelectric performance benefits of TES inclusion are evaluated using network analysis under assumed flight path load. Complex non-linear thermofluid and electromagnetic behaviors in the network are replaced with lookup table interpolants generated using results of numerical simulations swept across a series of input parameters. Subsequent solution of two-hundred systems with varying TES volume indicated a maximum TMS mass savings of 14.8% compared to the lightest thermal management system without TES inclusion.
{"title":"Investigation of Mass Savings Potential of Zeolite Integrated Motor Thermal Management Systems in All-Electric Commercial Aircraft","authors":"Nathan Malone, S. Chakravarty, Shiyu Zhang, D. Talebi, Sri Vignesh Sankarraman, E. Pool, Deokgeun Park, Ethan T. Iverson, Chase Wiley, P. Shamberger, D. Antao, M. Gardner, H. Toliyat, P. Enjeti, Bryan P. Rasmussen, J. Grunlan, Moble Benedict, J. Felts","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-96671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96671","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates a novel hybrid cooling method for more weight efficient thermal management of aerospace electric propulsion motors using thermal energy storage (TES) elements. The proposed system utilizes the latent heating of TES in the form of SAPO-34 zeolite slabs hydrated with water to maintain stable operating temperatures during takeoff. The TES operates in parallel with a fluid cooling system comprised of minichannel heatsinks attached to the stator windings and exterior air heat exchanger. Thermoelectric performance benefits of TES inclusion are evaluated using network analysis under assumed flight path load. Complex non-linear thermofluid and electromagnetic behaviors in the network are replaced with lookup table interpolants generated using results of numerical simulations swept across a series of input parameters. Subsequent solution of two-hundred systems with varying TES volume indicated a maximum TMS mass savings of 14.8% compared to the lightest thermal management system without TES inclusion.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"328 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123485647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xipeng Guo, Congshan Mao, N. Walla, A. Silaen, Chenn Q. Zhou
Hot metal desulfurization using lance injection in the transfer ladle is widely used in the industry. Many mathematical models are developed based on the thermodynamics, mechanism, and kinetics of hot metal desulfurization by using different reagents, but these works are often based on 1D calculation. In this work, a 3D transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate hot metal desulfurization (HMD) using calcium carbide in the experimental scale ladle. The capacity of the ladle is 70 kg, and the iron temperature is 1623.15 K. The efficiency of reagent particles penetrating carrier gas bubbles is considered. The model is validated with experiment work with an average difference of 6.8%. The effects of two different calcium carbide particle sizes and two different iron temperatures on desulfurization rates are discussed. The results show that smaller calcium carbide particles and higher iron temperatures can benefit the hot metal desulfurization rate.
{"title":"Numerical Study and Validation of Hot Metal Desulfurization Using Calcium Carbide in the Ladle","authors":"Xipeng Guo, Congshan Mao, N. Walla, A. Silaen, Chenn Q. Zhou","doi":"10.1115/imece2022-93971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-93971","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hot metal desulfurization using lance injection in the transfer ladle is widely used in the industry. Many mathematical models are developed based on the thermodynamics, mechanism, and kinetics of hot metal desulfurization by using different reagents, but these works are often based on 1D calculation. In this work, a 3D transient Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate hot metal desulfurization (HMD) using calcium carbide in the experimental scale ladle. The capacity of the ladle is 70 kg, and the iron temperature is 1623.15 K. The efficiency of reagent particles penetrating carrier gas bubbles is considered. The model is validated with experiment work with an average difference of 6.8%. The effects of two different calcium carbide particle sizes and two different iron temperatures on desulfurization rates are discussed. The results show that smaller calcium carbide particles and higher iron temperatures can benefit the hot metal desulfurization rate.","PeriodicalId":292222,"journal":{"name":"Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125571912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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