Pub Date : 2019-08-08DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V11I0.5357
Diana Segal, Lindsay Plater, Naseem Al-Aidroos, Chris M. Fiacconi
While it may seem that salient visual events, like the flashing lights on an ambulance, can automatically capture our attention, capture is actually under our control. Depending on our current internal goals, we adopt attentional control settings (ACSs) that specify what stimuli in the environment capture our attention. It has been shown that ACSs can be defined based on long-term episodic memory representations. For example, when searching for the items on your grocery list, an ACS can be specified based on your long-term memory of the list, such that your attention will be drawn to those items, and only those items. Importantly, episodic memories incorporate contextual information that can enhance recall when reinstated (e.g., you will remember your grocery list better if it was memorized at the grocery store rather than at home). Here we asked whether reinstating context can enhance the establishment of long-term memory ACSs. Participants memorized two sets of 15 images of objects in a particular context (i.e., a coloured box in a particular spatial location), that they then searched for, inducing an episodic-based ACS for those objects. During the search task, this encoding context was either reinstated, or not. We found that individuals are able to flexibly switch between ACSs and sources of information. However, we did not find sufficient evidence for the effect of context on the establishment of ACSs or their flexibility. This study extends our understanding of the factors that influence memory-guided attention, and the impact of contextual reinstatement on the formation of ACSs.
{"title":"The Flexibility of Episodic Long-Term Memory-Guided Attention and the Impact of Reinstating Context","authors":"Diana Segal, Lindsay Plater, Naseem Al-Aidroos, Chris M. Fiacconi","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V11I0.5357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V11I0.5357","url":null,"abstract":"While it may seem that salient visual events, like the flashing lights on an ambulance, can automatically capture our attention, capture is actually under our control. Depending on our current internal goals, we adopt attentional control settings (ACSs) that specify what stimuli in the environment capture our attention. It has been shown that ACSs can be defined based on long-term episodic memory representations. For example, when searching for the items on your grocery list, an ACS can be specified based on your long-term memory of the list, such that your attention will be drawn to those items, and only those items. Importantly, episodic memories incorporate contextual information that can enhance recall when reinstated (e.g., you will remember your grocery list better if it was memorized at the grocery store rather than at home). Here we asked whether reinstating context can enhance the establishment of long-term memory ACSs. Participants memorized two sets of 15 images of objects in a particular context (i.e., a coloured box in a particular spatial location), that they then searched for, inducing an episodic-based ACS for those objects. During the search task, this encoding context was either reinstated, or not. We found that individuals are able to flexibly switch between ACSs and sources of information. However, we did not find sufficient evidence for the effect of context on the establishment of ACSs or their flexibility. This study extends our understanding of the factors that influence memory-guided attention, and the impact of contextual reinstatement on the formation of ACSs.","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131942064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-20DOI: 10.21083/surg.v11i0.4153
April Vanderwal
Advances made in the field of genetics have positively contributed to the ability to screen for genetic diseases. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) is a type of Reproductive Genetic Screening that involves day 5 embryo biopsies and DNA testing prior to embryo implantation in the uterus. Historically, this DNA testing was performed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. However, this was deemed ineffective, so new procedures involving methods such as array comparative genomic hybridization and real time polymerase chain reaction have been implemented. As PGS technology develops, ethical issues arise, as well as a need for further research.
{"title":"Preimplantation genetic screening: Changes in technology and methodology, ethical implications, and areas of future research","authors":"April Vanderwal","doi":"10.21083/surg.v11i0.4153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v11i0.4153","url":null,"abstract":"Advances made in the field of genetics have positively contributed to the ability to screen for genetic diseases. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) is a type of Reproductive Genetic Screening that involves day 5 embryo biopsies and DNA testing prior to embryo implantation in the uterus. Historically, this DNA testing was performed using fluorescent in situ hybridization. However, this was deemed ineffective, so new procedures involving methods such as array comparative genomic hybridization and real time polymerase chain reaction have been implemented. As PGS technology develops, ethical issues arise, as well as a need for further research.","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"74 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115120645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.21083/surg.v11i0.4392
N. Garrod, Vanessa Barbini, E. Fox, M. Szatkowski
This paper analyzes the forestry and logging industry in Crown forests in Ontario. We present historical trends on harvested areas, employment, revenue collected by the province, biophysical impacts, and revenue from the industry. We discuss the institutional context of Crown forest management in Ontario which includes a description of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) and NGOs such as the Sustainable Forestry Initiative and the Forest Stewardship Council. We conclude that the current management of Crown forests in Ontario is not achieving maximum potential, as we found that there is a decline in employment and revenue from the industry. We recommend a Free Market Environmentalist (FME) approach to Crown forest management in Ontario. This approach involves common property management and the establishment of Forest Trusts. Current management does not take into account externalities that FME would, which could enhance potential in order to achieve maximum employment and revenue. There is a lack of biophysical data being collected to document the impact on key wildlife species and there is a lack of transparency regarding the management of crown forests by the MNRF. The Haliburton forest was used as case study which emulates an example of a FME approach.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Crown Forest Management in Ontario from a Free Market Environmentalist Approach","authors":"N. Garrod, Vanessa Barbini, E. Fox, M. Szatkowski","doi":"10.21083/surg.v11i0.4392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v11i0.4392","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the forestry and logging industry in Crown forests in Ontario. We present historical trends on harvested areas, employment, revenue collected by the province, biophysical impacts, and revenue from the industry. We discuss the institutional context of Crown forest management in Ontario which includes a description of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) and NGOs such as the Sustainable Forestry Initiative and the Forest Stewardship Council. We conclude that the current management of Crown forests in Ontario is not achieving maximum potential, as we found that there is a decline in employment and revenue from the industry. We recommend a Free Market Environmentalist (FME) approach to Crown forest management in Ontario. This approach involves common property management and the establishment of Forest Trusts. Current management does not take into account externalities that FME would, which could enhance potential in order to achieve maximum employment and revenue. There is a lack of biophysical data being collected to document the impact on key wildlife species and there is a lack of transparency regarding the management of crown forests by the MNRF. The Haliburton forest was used as case study which emulates an example of a FME approach. ","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132402031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V11I0.5232
Brody Dechamplain
In the last several years, there has been an increase in interest in the history of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. This, in turn, has called attention to health-related topics such as the proportion of the Indigenous population which suffers from a psychological disorder. Using statistics drawn from Statistics Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey on Victimization, this study examines the percentage of respondents who report having a mental/psychological disorder and analyzes the percentage in terms of the heritage of the respondents. According to the findings, a larger proportion of Indigenous people reported having a psychological disorder than non-Indigenous people. The results, along with past literature, provide evidence which supports a statistically significant relationship between "Aboriginal group – Respondent" and "Mental/psychological disability status."
{"title":"Prevalence of Psychological Disorders Among the Indigenous Population of Canada","authors":"Brody Dechamplain","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V11I0.5232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V11I0.5232","url":null,"abstract":"In the last several years, there has been an increase in interest in the history of Canada’s Indigenous peoples. This, in turn, has called attention to health-related topics such as the proportion of the Indigenous population which suffers from a psychological disorder. Using statistics drawn from Statistics Canada’s 2014 General Social Survey on Victimization, this study examines the percentage of respondents who report having a mental/psychological disorder and analyzes the percentage in terms of the heritage of the respondents. According to the findings, a larger proportion of Indigenous people reported having a psychological disorder than non-Indigenous people. The results, along with past literature, provide evidence which supports a statistically significant relationship between \"Aboriginal group – Respondent\" and \"Mental/psychological disability status.\"","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126822658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V11I0.3806
Carolyn Ann Hickey
The St. Albans Psalter is an English illuminated manuscript dating back to the twelfth century. The psalter has been connected to Christina of Markyate, a twelfth-century anchoress, for whom the work appears to have been made. Many images in the St. Albans Psalter depict the biblical figure Mary Magdalene, who is seen interacting with the boundaries of the colourful illustration. This article will study the images of Mary Magdalene in the St. Albans Psalter and will seek to re-evaluate her spiritual relationship with the twelfth-century recluse Christina of Markyate. Although the connection between Christina and Mary Magdelene has been recognized and reassessed, this study offers a contemporary outlook on the visual iconography, suggesting that this relationship is, in fact, far closer than previously demonstrated. By analyzing images in which the hand of Mary Magdalene crosses illustrated boundaries, this study will demonstrate the connection between these instances and Christina’s isolation within the boundaries of her anchoritic hold.
圣奥尔本斯诗篇是一份可以追溯到12世纪的英文彩绘手稿。这首赞美诗与12世纪的女祭司克里斯蒂娜(Christina of Markyate)有关，似乎是为她而作的。《圣奥尔本诗篇》中的许多图像都描绘了圣经人物抹大拉的玛利亚，她与彩色插图的边界相互作用。本文将研究圣奥尔本斯诗篇中抹大拉的玛利亚的形象，并试图重新评估她与十二世纪隐士马尔基亚特的克里斯蒂娜的精神关系。虽然克里斯蒂娜和抹大拉的玛丽之间的联系已经被认识和重新评估，但这项研究提供了一个当代视觉图像的观点，表明这种关系实际上比以前所证明的要紧密得多。通过分析抹大拉的玛丽的手越过插图边界的图像，本研究将证明这些实例与克里斯蒂娜在她的anchoritic hold的边界内的孤立之间的联系。
{"title":"Crossing Boundaries: Images of Christina of Markyate in the St. Albans Psalter","authors":"Carolyn Ann Hickey","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V11I0.3806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V11I0.3806","url":null,"abstract":"The St. Albans Psalter is an English illuminated manuscript dating back to the twelfth century. The psalter has been connected to Christina of Markyate, a twelfth-century anchoress, for whom the work appears to have been made. Many images in the St. Albans Psalter depict the biblical figure Mary Magdalene, who is seen interacting with the boundaries of the colourful illustration. This article will study the images of Mary Magdalene in the St. Albans Psalter and will seek to re-evaluate her spiritual relationship with the twelfth-century recluse Christina of Markyate. Although the connection between Christina and Mary Magdelene has been recognized and reassessed, this study offers a contemporary outlook on the visual iconography, suggesting that this relationship is, in fact, far closer than previously demonstrated. By analyzing images in which the hand of Mary Magdalene crosses illustrated boundaries, this study will demonstrate the connection between these instances and Christina’s isolation within the boundaries of her anchoritic hold.","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126485709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-18DOI: 10.21083/surg.v11i0.4152
M. Siddiqi
While the impacts of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are widely established, the interactions between such coexisting risk factors and their subsequent effects on the promotion or suppression of CVD are less known. As part of the diet, functional foods are considered a modifiable factor that influence health beyond their basic nutritional value. The relationship between these functional foods and the underlying genome, along with their joint implication in health and disease, forms the focus of the emerging field of nutrigenomics. Reviewed in this paper are some prominent gene-diet interactions demonstrated in CVD etiology. Specifically, the interaction between foods such as phytosterols and isoflavones with genetic factors of the consuming population are examined in relation to CVD. By determining how nutritional intake affects genetics and vice versa, we create the potential to offer improved dietary guidelines to certain individuals, subgroups, or populations in order to maximize health benefits of specific diets.
{"title":"The genetic factors involved in functional food efficacy on cardiovascular disease etiology","authors":"M. Siddiqi","doi":"10.21083/surg.v11i0.4152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v11i0.4152","url":null,"abstract":"While the impacts of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) are widely established, the interactions between such coexisting risk factors and their subsequent effects on the promotion or suppression of CVD are less known. As part of the diet, functional foods are considered a modifiable factor that influence health beyond their basic nutritional value. The relationship between these functional foods and the underlying genome, along with their joint implication in health and disease, forms the focus of the emerging field of nutrigenomics. Reviewed in this paper are some prominent gene-diet interactions demonstrated in CVD etiology. Specifically, the interaction between foods such as phytosterols and isoflavones with genetic factors of the consuming population are examined in relation to CVD. By determining how nutritional intake affects genetics and vice versa, we create the potential to offer improved dietary guidelines to certain individuals, subgroups, or populations in order to maximize health benefits of specific diets.","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123463640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.21083/surg.v11i0.4120
L. Kitchenham
Conscientiousness and its six facets (competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline and deliberation) were examined in relation to cumulative grade point average (GPA) for undergraduate university students. The aim was to determine the degree to which conscientiousness predicted a higher GPA for students in varying programs, and to compare these results to previous findings. The programs examined were psychology, business, science/engineering, and general arts (i.e. B.A. programs other than psychology). Students were screened using Johnson’s (2014) “IPIP-NEO-120” (a 120-item version of the International Personality Item Pool-NEO: which measures constructs similar to those in the NEO Personality Inventory). Multiple regression analyses of the data revealed variations in concurrent validity of the facets of conscientiousness across majors. For psychology students, only Competence predicted GPA. For science and engineering students, Competence, Dutifulness and Achievement Striving predicted GPA. For general arts, only Deliberation predicted GPA. None of the facets were significant predictors for business students. Conscientiousness was thus a significant predictor of GPA across all majors, but the key facets were dependent on the area of study. The only gender difference detected was at low conscientiousness, with females having a significantly higher GPA than males. Additional research is necessary to further explore the predictive validity of the other Big Five personality traits and their facets, for a wider range of academic majors on academic success. Implications involve the role personality traits could play to the decision to enrol in a specific program, and how professors may bettor teach/mentor students in different programs.
{"title":"Facets of Conscientiousness in Relation to Academic Performance Across Programs of Study","authors":"L. Kitchenham","doi":"10.21083/surg.v11i0.4120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v11i0.4120","url":null,"abstract":"Conscientiousness and its six facets (competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline and deliberation) were examined in relation to cumulative grade point average (GPA) for undergraduate university students. The aim was to determine the degree to which conscientiousness predicted a higher GPA for students in varying programs, and to compare these results to previous findings. The programs examined were psychology, business, science/engineering, and general arts (i.e. B.A. programs other than psychology). Students were screened using Johnson’s (2014) “IPIP-NEO-120” (a 120-item version of the International Personality Item Pool-NEO: which measures constructs similar to those in the NEO Personality Inventory). Multiple regression analyses of the data revealed variations in concurrent validity of the facets of conscientiousness across majors. For psychology students, only Competence predicted GPA. For science and engineering students, Competence, Dutifulness and Achievement Striving predicted GPA. For general arts, only Deliberation predicted GPA. None of the facets were significant predictors for business students. Conscientiousness was thus a significant predictor of GPA across all majors, but the key facets were dependent on the area of study. The only gender difference detected was at low conscientiousness, with females having a significantly higher GPA than males. Additional research is necessary to further explore the predictive validity of the other Big Five personality traits and their facets, for a wider range of academic majors on academic success. Implications involve the role personality traits could play to the decision to enrol in a specific program, and how professors may bettor teach/mentor students in different programs.","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126036817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.21083/surg.v11i0.4656
Kaitlyn Julianna Charmley
Sea lice are detrimental ectoparasites that attach to Atlantic salmon causing physiological damage and costing farmers millions in inventory loss and treatments. Cleaner fishes have been introduced into sea cages to act as a biological control of sea lice which is likely a solution for Canadian salmon aquaculture industries. To improve cleaner fish foraging efficiency, this study seeks to determine the optimal habitat for cleaner fishes in Canadian aquaculture. I hypothesized that to be effective cleaner fishes, both the cunners and the lumpfish require habitats that provide them with shelter and places for rest because neither species live solely in the water column. My second hypothesis was that the cunners and the lumpfish require different habitats due to their different morphologies. Habitat comparisons were conducted with three habitats and a control in each individual fishes tank for a total of 8 cunners and 25 lumpfish. It was determined that only cunners required shelter, possibly due to the lumpfish’s ability to adhere to the glass tank walls for rest. Moreover, there was no significant difference in habitat preference between the two species. However, the lumpfish were less preferential between habitat and preferred three of the four habitats equally. It should be noted that the lumpfish and the cunners utilized the same habitats in separate ways to better fit their species-specific requirements; so future research on the co-existence of the two species could lead to increased foraging efficiency through two-species cleaner fish systems.
{"title":"Habitat Selection by Two Species of Cleaner Fishes That May be Beneficial in Removing Sea Lice From Cultured Salmon","authors":"Kaitlyn Julianna Charmley","doi":"10.21083/surg.v11i0.4656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v11i0.4656","url":null,"abstract":"Sea lice are detrimental ectoparasites that attach to Atlantic salmon causing physiological damage and costing farmers millions in inventory loss and treatments. Cleaner fishes have been introduced into sea cages to act as a biological control of sea lice which is likely a solution for Canadian salmon aquaculture industries. To improve cleaner fish foraging efficiency, this study seeks to determine the optimal habitat for cleaner fishes in Canadian aquaculture. I hypothesized that to be effective cleaner fishes, both the cunners and the lumpfish require habitats that provide them with shelter and places for rest because neither species live solely in the water column. My second hypothesis was that the cunners and the lumpfish require different habitats due to their different morphologies. Habitat comparisons were conducted with three habitats and a control in each individual fishes tank for a total of 8 cunners and 25 lumpfish. It was determined that only cunners required shelter, possibly due to the lumpfish’s ability to adhere to the glass tank walls for rest. Moreover, there was no significant difference in habitat preference between the two species. However, the lumpfish were less preferential between habitat and preferred three of the four habitats equally. It should be noted that the lumpfish and the cunners utilized the same habitats in separate ways to better fit their species-specific requirements; so future research on the co-existence of the two species could lead to increased foraging efficiency through two-species cleaner fish systems.","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115601685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.21083/surg.v11i0.4389
Kathryn Reinders
The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) calls for the right to self-determination, as self-determination is a prerequisite for Indigenous people to recongnize their political, social, economic, and collective human rights. Canada has historically been unsupportive of UNDRIP as the federal government considers UNDRIP at odds with Canadian sovereignty and existing Canadian institutions. While the right to self-government is currently protected under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, it is defined narrowly and falls short of allowing meaningful self-government for the majority of Indigenous people. This paper considers the conflicting nature of self-determination and self-government through considering the impact of Indigenous sovereignty on state sovereignity, an analysis of various approaches to self-government in Canada, and the feasability of adopting a rights-based approach to self-government. This paper concludes that utilizing a human rights-based approach to self-government addresses the perceived conflicts at the state-level while providing for the creation of meaningful self-government arrangements. Self-government arrangements must be created by Indigenous communities for Indigenous communities in order to reflect the diverse needs of Indigenous people regardless of their territorial affiliation or formal Indian status.
{"title":"A Rights-based Approach to Indigenous Sovereignty, Self-determination and Self-government in Canada","authors":"Kathryn Reinders","doi":"10.21083/surg.v11i0.4389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/surg.v11i0.4389","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (UNDRIP) calls for the right to self-determination, as self-determination is a prerequisite for Indigenous people to recongnize their political, social, economic, and collective human rights. Canada has historically been unsupportive of UNDRIP as the federal government considers UNDRIP at odds with Canadian sovereignty and existing Canadian institutions. While the right to self-government is currently protected under section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982, it is defined narrowly and falls short of allowing meaningful self-government for the majority of Indigenous people. This paper considers the conflicting nature of self-determination and self-government through considering the impact of Indigenous sovereignty on state sovereignity, an analysis of various approaches to self-government in Canada, and the feasability of adopting a rights-based approach to self-government. This paper concludes that utilizing a human rights-based approach to self-government addresses the perceived conflicts at the state-level while providing for the creation of meaningful self-government arrangements. Self-government arrangements must be created by Indigenous communities for Indigenous communities in order to reflect the diverse needs of Indigenous people regardless of their territorial affiliation or formal Indian status. ","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"324 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115454007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-07DOI: 10.21083/SURG.V11I0.4758
Angela Doreen Gushue
This research study provides a new model to evaluate early childhood development internationally by integrating perspectives from the disciplines of International Development and Early Childhood Care and Education. This new model, The Geographic Context Education Development Matrix, was developed through this piece of research and will assist in providing a deeper understanding of the intersectionality of these disciplines as they relate to early childhood development. This model helps to illustrate the scholarly gap in understanding the local perspectives of international development, specifically through short-term international volunteering in Dharamshala, India. Data was collected through an experiential learning project where the primary investigator volunteered for one month in a private school in Dharamshala. Following this participatory experience, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with local teachers and parents. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the current effectiveness of international interventions in Early Childhood Care and Education, especially through international volunteers, in Dharamshala, India and provide insight into the barriers impeding sustainable Early Childhood Care and Education. Through the analysis of the data collected, it was evident that the practice of short-term international volunteering is not effective in supporting Early Childhood Care and Education in Dharamshala. Short term volunteers are not an effective intervention because they cannot address the most significant barriers faced by local educators, their support is generally unreliable, and their presence can, and often does, perpetrate neocolonial tendencies.
{"title":"Unpacking the Relationship Between International Development and Early Childhood Care and Education in Dharamshala, India","authors":"Angela Doreen Gushue","doi":"10.21083/SURG.V11I0.4758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21083/SURG.V11I0.4758","url":null,"abstract":"This research study provides a new model to evaluate early childhood development internationally by integrating perspectives from the disciplines of International Development and Early Childhood Care and Education. This new model, The Geographic Context Education Development Matrix, was developed through this piece of research and will assist in providing a deeper understanding of the intersectionality of these disciplines as they relate to early childhood development. This model helps to illustrate the scholarly gap in understanding the local perspectives of international development, specifically through short-term international volunteering in Dharamshala, India. Data was collected through an experiential learning project where the primary investigator volunteered for one month in a private school in Dharamshala. Following this participatory experience, qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with local teachers and parents. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the current effectiveness of international interventions in Early Childhood Care and Education, especially through international volunteers, in Dharamshala, India and provide insight into the barriers impeding sustainable Early Childhood Care and Education. Through the analysis of the data collected, it was evident that the practice of short-term international volunteering is not effective in supporting Early Childhood Care and Education in Dharamshala. Short term volunteers are not an effective intervention because they cannot address the most significant barriers faced by local educators, their support is generally unreliable, and their presence can, and often does, perpetrate neocolonial tendencies. ","PeriodicalId":292569,"journal":{"name":"SURG Journal","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133966537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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