Large firms dominate R&D investment in most countries and receive the majority of public R&D funding. Due to methodological difficulties, however, evaluation of the effect of government-sponsored R&D programmes mainly focuses on small-and medium-sized enterprises. The scarcity of large firms and their heterogeneity hampers the ability to find proper counterfactuals for very large companies and makes it difficult to use proper inference methods to measure the impact of a specific policy. In order to address these methodological issues, we propose using the synthetic control method, initially developed by Abadie et al. (2010) to evaluate programmes on a regional scale. We apply this method to evaluate the impact of a new French science-industry transfer initiative and compare the results with the random trend model and more standard counterfactual approaches. Based on data covering a long pre-treatment period (1998-2011) and ongoing treatment period (2012-2015), we reveal a convergence between the results obtained with the synthetic control method and the random trend model, and demonstrate that traditional counterfactual evaluation methods are not appropriate for large firms. Moreover, the synthetic control method has the advantage of providing an individual assessment of the policy impact on each firm. In the specific case of the French science-industry transfer initiative, it reveals that the impact on private R&D is highly heterogenous both on RD inputs and cooperation behaviours. Beyond this specific transfer policy, this study suggests that the synthetic control method opens new research perspectives in policy impact evaluation at the firm level. Abstract: Large firms dominate R&D investment in most countries and receive the majority of public R&D funding. Due to methodological difficulties, however, evaluation of the effect of government-sponsored R&D programmes mainly focuses on small-and medium-sized enterprises. The scarcity of large firms and their heterogeneity hampers the ability to find proper counterfactuals for very large companies and makes it difficult to use proper inference methods to measure the impact of a specific policy. In order to address these methodological issues, we propose using the synthetic control method, initially developed by Abadie et al. (2010) to evaluate programmes on a regional scale. We apply this method to evaluate the impact of a new French science-industry transfer initiative and compare the results with the random trend model and more standard counterfactual approaches. Based on data covering a long pre-treatment period (1998-2011) and ongoing treatment period (2012-2015), we reveal a convergence between the results obtained with the synthetic control method and the random trend model, and demonstrate that traditional counterfactual evaluation methods are not appropriate for large firms. Moreover, the synthetic control method has the advantage of providing an individual assessment of the policy impact o
{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies on Large Firms: A Synthetic Control Approach to Science Industry Transfer Policies","authors":"C. Autant-Bernard, Ruben Fotso, N. Massard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3619007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3619007","url":null,"abstract":"Large firms dominate R&D investment in most countries and receive the majority of public R&D funding. Due to methodological difficulties, however, evaluation of the effect of government-sponsored R&D programmes mainly focuses on small-and medium-sized enterprises. The scarcity of large firms and their heterogeneity hampers the ability to find proper counterfactuals for very large companies and makes it difficult to use proper inference methods to measure the impact of a specific policy. In order to address these methodological issues, we propose using the synthetic control method, initially developed by Abadie et al. (2010) to evaluate programmes on a regional scale. We apply this method to evaluate the impact of a new French science-industry transfer initiative and compare the results with the random trend model and more standard counterfactual approaches. Based on data covering a long pre-treatment period (1998-2011) and ongoing treatment period (2012-2015), we reveal a convergence between the results obtained with the synthetic control method and the random trend model, and demonstrate that traditional counterfactual evaluation methods are not appropriate for large firms. Moreover, the synthetic control method has the advantage of providing an individual assessment of the policy impact on each firm. In the specific case of the French science-industry transfer initiative, it reveals that the impact on private R&D is highly heterogenous both on RD inputs and cooperation behaviours. Beyond this specific transfer policy, this study suggests that the synthetic control method opens new research perspectives in policy impact evaluation at the firm level. Abstract: Large firms dominate R&D investment in most countries and receive the majority of public R&D funding. Due to methodological difficulties, however, evaluation of the effect of government-sponsored R&D programmes mainly focuses on small-and medium-sized enterprises. The scarcity of large firms and their heterogeneity hampers the ability to find proper counterfactuals for very large companies and makes it difficult to use proper inference methods to measure the impact of a specific policy. In order to address these methodological issues, we propose using the synthetic control method, initially developed by Abadie et al. (2010) to evaluate programmes on a regional scale. We apply this method to evaluate the impact of a new French science-industry transfer initiative and compare the results with the random trend model and more standard counterfactual approaches. Based on data covering a long pre-treatment period (1998-2011) and ongoing treatment period (2012-2015), we reveal a convergence between the results obtained with the synthetic control method and the random trend model, and demonstrate that traditional counterfactual evaluation methods are not appropriate for large firms. Moreover, the synthetic control method has the advantage of providing an individual assessment of the policy impact o","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123579093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adrian Rodriguez del Valle, Esteban Fernández-Vázquez
The study of market power has gained a lot of attention by scholars and policy-makers since De Loecker and Eeckhout (2018). In their work, they show the temporal evolution of market power worldwide using detailed data from the financial statements of thousands of firms. In this paper, we propose an alternative way of estimating market power using sectoral-based data. By utilizing the aggregates observable in a series of Input-Output Tables (IOT's) and by applying an estimation procedure based on entropy; indicators of market power can be derived without requiring the use of micro-data. We document a heterogeneous evolution of market power across 28 European countries and 14 manufacturing sectors between 2000 - 2014. Market power is found to be rising for several central- and East-European countries, while decreasing in multiple South- and West-European nations.
{"title":"Estimating Market Power from Input-Output Tables and Entropy Econometrics","authors":"Adrian Rodriguez del Valle, Esteban Fernández-Vázquez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3929561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3929561","url":null,"abstract":"The study of market power has gained a lot of attention by scholars and policy-makers since De Loecker and Eeckhout (2018). In their work, they show the temporal evolution of market power worldwide using detailed data from the financial statements of thousands of firms. In this paper, we propose an alternative way of estimating market power using sectoral-based data. By utilizing the aggregates observable in a series of Input-Output Tables (IOT's) and by applying an estimation procedure based on entropy; indicators of market power can be derived without requiring the use of micro-data. We document a heterogeneous evolution of market power across 28 European countries and 14 manufacturing sectors between 2000 - 2014. Market power is found to be rising for several central- and East-European countries, while decreasing in multiple South- and West-European nations.","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121875054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the impact of digital technologies on the nature and routine intensity of shopfloor work, the ways in which digital technologies exert their effects and the factors moderating the outcomes of digitalisation in respect of work. The effect of technology cannot be limited to a dichotomy of increasing versus decreasing degrees of routine. Instead, there are basic scenarios as far as the routine content of activities is concerned: a) no change in routine; b) increased routine; c) transformed routine; d) reduced routine. More specifically, drawing on data from Hungarian companies, we discuss the multiple ways that technology affects the nature and routineness of work. These include (i) workload and intensity of work; (ii) the degree to which tasks can be explicitly defined, measured and codified; (iii) task spectrum, i.e. the variability, complexity and diversity of work tasks; (iv) the composition and amount of skills required for task execution; (v) the importance of experience or tacit knowledge for task execution; and (vi) the value added of work tasks. Evidence indicates that the qualitative enrichment of shopfloor work and digital technology-induced reduction in the routine content of job tasks apply only to relatively skilled employees, albeit not exclusively in high-level shopfloor functions. It is argued that the beneficial effects of digital technologies materialise only if employees are skilled enough to be upskilled and become engaged not only in digitally-assisted but also in digitally-augmented, high-value activities.
{"title":"Digital Technologies and the Nature and Routine Intensity of Work: Evidence from Hungarian Manufacturing Subsidiaries","authors":"A. Szalavetz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3792000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3792000","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the impact of digital technologies on the nature and routine intensity of shopfloor work, the ways in which digital technologies exert their effects and the factors moderating the outcomes of digitalisation in respect of work. \u0000 \u0000The effect of technology cannot be limited to a dichotomy of increasing versus decreasing degrees of routine. Instead, there are basic scenarios as far as the routine content of activities is concerned: a) no change in routine; b) increased routine; c) transformed routine; d) reduced routine. \u0000 \u0000More specifically, drawing on data from Hungarian companies, we discuss the multiple ways that technology affects the nature and routineness of work. These include (i) workload and intensity of work; (ii) the degree to which tasks can be explicitly defined, measured and codified; (iii) task spectrum, i.e. the variability, complexity and diversity of work tasks; (iv) the composition and amount of skills required for task execution; (v) the importance of experience or tacit knowledge for task execution; and (vi) the value added of work tasks. \u0000 \u0000Evidence indicates that the qualitative enrichment of shopfloor work and digital technology-induced reduction in the routine content of job tasks apply only to relatively skilled employees, albeit not exclusively in high-level shopfloor functions. It is argued that the beneficial effects of digital technologies materialise only if employees are skilled enough to be upskilled and become engaged not only in digitally-assisted but also in digitally-augmented, high-value activities.","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examine price competition with homogeneous products in the presence of general common ownership arrangements allowing for different corporate control structures. We show that equilibria with positive profits exist (including the monopoly outcome) when the manager places the same weight on the profi of her firm as on the average profit of all the other firms. This condition supports symmetric and asymmetric stakes and can arise as an equilibrium of a network formation game or a bargaining process.
{"title":"Common Ownership, Corporate Control and Price Competition","authors":"Anna Bayona, Á. López, A. Manganelli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3784072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3784072","url":null,"abstract":"We examine price competition with homogeneous products in the presence<br>of general common ownership arrangements allowing for different corporate control structures. We show that equilibria with positive profits exist (including the<br>monopoly outcome) when the manager places the same weight on the profi of her firm as on the average profit of all the other firms. This condition supports symmetric and asymmetric stakes and can arise as an equilibrium of a network formation game or a bargaining process.","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114598317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Firms expanding into foreign markets are confronted with a complex transformation process, affecting their organization and business activities. The present paper explores the main organizational changes stemming from an international growth process and attempts to assess their potential effects on firms’ operations in existing markets. To this purpose, it introduces a new analytical tool focusing on four operational dimensions, namely production capacity, quality, lead time and variety. The framework is specifically designed for manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises planning to develop or strengthen their international presence.
{"title":"Measuring the Impact of Internationalization on Firms’ Ability to Serve Existing Markets: A New Analytical Tool for Manufacturing SMEs","authors":"Angelo Arcuri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3781051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3781051","url":null,"abstract":"Firms expanding into foreign markets are confronted with a complex transformation process, affecting their organization and business activities. The present paper explores the main organizational changes stemming from an international growth process and attempts to assess their potential effects on firms’ operations in existing markets. To this purpose, it introduces a new analytical tool focusing on four operational dimensions, namely production capacity, quality, lead time and variety. The framework is specifically designed for manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises planning to develop or strengthen their international presence.","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125093726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper shows that entrepreneurial human capital is a key driver of firm dynamics using administrative panel data on the universe of firms and workers in Portugal. Firms started by more educated entrepreneurs are larger at entry and exhibit higher life cycle growth. Consistent with an effect on growth, the thickness of the right tail of the size distribution increases with entrepreneur schooling. The evidence points to several underlying mechanisms, with technology adoption playing the most important part. I develop and estimate a model of firm dynamics that can parsimoniously account for these findings, and use it to draw aggregate implications. Accounting for the effect of entrepreneurial human capital on firm dynamics can substantially increase aggregate returns to schooling and the fraction of cross-country income differences explained by human and physical capital.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial Human Capital and Firm Dynamics","authors":"Francisco Queiró","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3280925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3280925","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper shows that entrepreneurial human capital is a key driver of firm dynamics using administrative panel data on the universe of firms and workers in Portugal. Firms started by more educated entrepreneurs are larger at entry and exhibit higher life cycle growth. Consistent with an effect on growth, the thickness of the right tail of the size distribution increases with entrepreneur schooling. The evidence points to several underlying mechanisms, with technology adoption playing the most important part. I develop and estimate a model of firm dynamics that can parsimoniously account for these findings, and use it to draw aggregate implications. Accounting for the effect of entrepreneurial human capital on firm dynamics can substantially increase aggregate returns to schooling and the fraction of cross-country income differences explained by human and physical capital.","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121786485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following case study presents the working conditions and the room for collective bargaining for couriers working at the app-based food delivery company Wolt in Hungary. Interviews were made with both the management and the couriers. Wolt was founded in 2014 in Finland and has been expanding globally ever since, delivering in over 100 cities from 23 countries, and to seven million customers by 48,000 food couriers, from 27,000 restaurants. They entered the Hungarian market in 2018, and by early 2021 they deliver food from more than 2000 restaurants with 4-5000 couriers. The demand for food delivery has increased significantly due to the pandemic, providing much needed job opportunities for primarily young men. The first section of this case study presents the history and evolution of the company from a Finnish start-up to a global player, the second summarizes the most important lessons of the interviews with the management, and the third contrasts experiences of the platform workers based on: a) the basic socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewees, b) their most important sources of motivation, c) their perception on the advantages and disadvantages of this type of job, d) their economic situation compared to other unskilled jobs in Hungary; and finally e) the problematic aspects of the algorithmic management Before drawing our conclusions, we also briefly describe the driving and inhibiting factors of collective action and collective voice as well as how the pandemic has impacted the ecosystem of the food delivery business sector.
{"title":"High-Growth Platform in the Delivery Economy (WOLT - The Hungarian Case)","authors":"J. Pap, C. Mako, Illéssy Miklós","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3909294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3909294","url":null,"abstract":"The following case study presents the working conditions and the room for collective bargaining for couriers working at the app-based food delivery company Wolt in Hungary. Interviews were made with both the management and the couriers. Wolt was founded in 2014 in Finland and has been expanding globally ever since, delivering in over 100 cities from 23 countries, and to seven million customers by 48,000 food couriers, from 27,000 restaurants. They entered the Hungarian market in 2018, and by early 2021 they deliver food from more than 2000 restaurants with 4-5000 couriers. The demand for food delivery has increased significantly due to the pandemic, providing much needed job opportunities for primarily young men. The first section of this case study presents the history and evolution of the company from a Finnish start-up to a global player, the second summarizes the most important lessons of the interviews with the management, and the third contrasts experiences of the platform workers based on: a) the basic socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewees, b) their most important sources of motivation, c) their perception on the advantages and disadvantages of this type of job, d) their economic situation compared to other unskilled jobs in Hungary; and finally e) the problematic aspects of the algorithmic management Before drawing our conclusions, we also briefly describe the driving and inhibiting factors of collective action and collective voice as well as how the pandemic has impacted the ecosystem of the food delivery business sector.","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116848543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the re-emergence of upstream vertical integration in the luxury leather goods industry. Based on information from interviews of two leather manufacturing professionals and a business case study, the present paper examines the factors guiding manufacturers to expand their operations to a vertically integrated model of production. The results provide insight into the advantages of vertical integration across the leather manufacturing industry, as well as offering considerations applicable to other sectors of production.
{"title":"Upstream Vertical Integration in the Luxury Leather Goods Industry: Evidence from Italy and France","authors":"Angelo Arcuri","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3789868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3789868","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the re-emergence of upstream vertical integration in the luxury leather goods industry. Based on information from interviews of two leather manufacturing professionals and a business case study, the present paper examines the factors guiding manufacturers to expand their operations to a vertically integrated model of production. The results provide insight into the advantages of vertical integration across the leather manufacturing industry, as well as offering considerations applicable to other sectors of production. <br><br>","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129381761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Telecommuting gained an increasing importance for containment and employee protection since the Covid19-pandemic started. Telecommuting can give employees the autonomy to decide how to work, with a lot of unstructured time boosting creativity and innovation activity of employees. On the other hand, casual interactions in the firms between employees, lead to an information exchange that favors innovation. Telecommuting prevents casual interactions and, thus, might hamper innovation. Using individual-level data from 16,151 German employees, this paper analyzes the impact of telecommuting and its intensity on innovation in services. The analysis is based on a Probit model and Lewbel’s instrumental variable methods with generated instruments. The results reveal that telecommuters are more likely to be innovative in services. The intensity of telecommuting indicates that frequent telecommuting of employees is most beneficial for service innovation compared to other intensities, and women benefit even more than men from frequent telecommuting. Lewbel’s instrumental variable methods with generated instruments support robustness and causality of the findings.
{"title":"Does Telecommuting Kill Service Innovation?","authors":"M. Sarbu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569604","url":null,"abstract":"Telecommuting gained an increasing importance for containment and employee protection since the Covid19-pandemic started. Telecommuting can give employees the autonomy to decide how to work, with a lot of unstructured time boosting creativity and innovation activity of employees. On the other hand, casual interactions in the firms between employees, lead to an information exchange that favors innovation. Telecommuting prevents casual interactions and, thus, might hamper innovation. Using individual-level data from 16,151 German employees, this paper analyzes the impact of telecommuting and its intensity on innovation in services. The analysis is based on a Probit model and Lewbel’s instrumental variable methods with generated instruments. The results reveal that telecommuters are more likely to be innovative in services. The intensity of telecommuting indicates that frequent telecommuting of employees is most beneficial for service innovation compared to other intensities, and women benefit even more than men from frequent telecommuting. Lewbel’s instrumental variable methods with generated instruments support robustness and causality of the findings.","PeriodicalId":294049,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Microeconomics & Industrial Organization (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114990491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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