Pub Date : 2015-06-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2015.11.1.1
G. Kristinsson
Political control is an important value of democratic governance and without it democratic accountability can hardly mean much. This is why a number of authors have seen politicization of public service appointments and greater control by the centre as a potential counterweight against trends in in recent decades towards more networked and less hierarchical organizational forms of directing public policy. It may help to reassert democratic control. The option of strengthening political control, however, has not been much studied with regard to its likely effects on corruption. Power has the potential to corrupt unless adequately controlled and strengthening political power in a networked environment may create a structure of temptation which conventional deterrents to corruption are unable to curb. The impact of strong political leadership on corruption is here studied in the context of Icelandic local government, making use of institutional variations in the office of Mayor, which provide a unique opportunity for testing the effects of strong political control on corruption. The analysis indicates that municipalities with strong political mayors are likely to be associated with perceptions of corruption even when other factors, such as the structure of temptation and deterrents, are accounted for.
{"title":"Political control and perceptions of corruption in Icelandic local government","authors":"G. Kristinsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2015.11.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2015.11.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Political control is an important value of democratic governance and without it democratic accountability can hardly mean much. This is why a number of authors have seen politicization of public service appointments and greater control by the centre as a potential counterweight against trends in in recent decades towards more networked and less hierarchical organizational forms of directing public policy. It may help to reassert democratic control. The option of strengthening political control, however, has not been much studied with regard to its likely effects on corruption. Power has the potential to corrupt unless adequately controlled and strengthening political power in a networked environment may create a structure of temptation which conventional deterrents to corruption are unable to curb. The impact of strong political leadership on corruption is here studied in the context of Icelandic local government, making use of institutional variations in the office of Mayor, which provide a unique opportunity for testing the effects of strong political control on corruption. The analysis indicates that municipalities with strong political mayors are likely to be associated with perceptions of corruption even when other factors, such as the structure of temptation and deterrents, are accounted for.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127255635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2015.11.1.3
E. Bergmann
Though nationalism has always been strong in Iceland, populist political parties did not emerge as a viable force until after the financial crisis of 2008. On wave of the crisis a completely renewed leadership took over the country’s old agrarian party, the Progressive Party (PP), which was rapidly transformed in a more populist direction. Still the PP is perhaps more firmly nationalist than populist. However, when analyzing communicational changes of the new postcrisis leadership it is unavoidable to categorize the party amongst at least the softer version of European populist parties, perhaps closest to the Norwegian Progress Party.
{"title":"Populism in Iceland: Has the Progressive Party turned populist?","authors":"E. Bergmann","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2015.11.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2015.11.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Though nationalism has always been strong in Iceland, populist political parties did not emerge as a viable force until after the financial crisis of 2008. On wave of the crisis a completely renewed leadership took over the country’s old agrarian party, the Progressive Party (PP), which was rapidly transformed in a more populist direction. Still the PP is perhaps more firmly nationalist than populist. However, when analyzing communicational changes of the new postcrisis leadership it is unavoidable to categorize the party amongst at least the softer version of European populist parties, perhaps closest to the Norwegian Progress Party.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127722147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.14
Sigurdur Kristinsson, H. Jóhannesson, Trausti Þorsteinsson
Society is the chief stakeholder in universities. Their main roles are teaching and research, and academic freedom in teaching and research is key to their function. In recent decades, academic freedom has been threatened by the economic system and industry, and in the aftermath of the economic collapse of 2008 universities were said to have been too servile towards industry and government. This study focuses on the public role of universities by considering the attitudes of academic staff and university specialists towards academic freedom and the sponsorship of teaching and research. A survey among this group in Icelandic universities looked at attitudes towards different ways of financing teaching and research. The survey found that just under one third of respondents had worked on privately sponsored research in the last three years. The majority of respondents was opposed to financing university research through grants from companies and just under half was opposed to financing through competitive funds. Respondents in social sciences, education, humanities and arts turned out to be much more likely than other respondents to be concerned about threats from private sponsoring on the objectivity of research. Respondents from private universities or self-financed institutions turn out to be more likely to have worked on privately sponsored research than respondents who work at public universities or state-run research institutes. The former also turn out to be much more supportive of financing research through competitive funds and significantly more open towards private sponsorship.
{"title":"The Public Role of Universities – Sponsorship in Icelandic Universities","authors":"Sigurdur Kristinsson, H. Jóhannesson, Trausti Þorsteinsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Society is the chief stakeholder in universities. Their main roles are teaching and research, and academic freedom in teaching and research is key to their function. In recent decades, academic freedom has been threatened by the economic system and industry, and in the aftermath of the economic collapse of 2008 universities were said to have been too servile towards industry and government. This study focuses on the public role of universities by considering the attitudes of academic staff and university specialists towards academic freedom and the sponsorship of teaching and research. A survey among this group in Icelandic universities looked at attitudes towards different ways of financing teaching and research. The survey found that just under one third of respondents had worked on privately sponsored research in the last three years. The majority of respondents was opposed to financing university research through grants from companies and just under half was opposed to financing through competitive funds. Respondents in social sciences, education, humanities and arts turned out to be much more likely than other respondents to be concerned about threats from private sponsoring on the objectivity of research. Respondents from private universities or self-financed institutions turn out to be more likely to have worked on privately sponsored research than respondents who work at public universities or state-run research institutes. The former also turn out to be much more supportive of financing research through competitive funds and significantly more open towards private sponsorship.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133567072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.13
L. Jóhannsdóttir, B. Davíðsdóttir, S. Ólafsson
Environmental sustainability aims at protecting the natural capital so that future generations are not at disadvantage when in comes to utilizing natural resources. The purpose of this study was to get the view of experts on how environmental sustainable Iceland is and what are the strengths, weaknesses and improvement opportunities. Data were collected through focus-group interviews with experts in the fields of biodiversity, energy, water, land-use planning, waste, ocean and beaches, and atmosphere. Additionally, masters students participated in a focus-group interview. The results show that although the experts were asked to discuss various environmental sustainability themes, similar discussion on administrative issues took place in all of the focus-groups. The topics discussed included government strategy, measurement and control, law and regulations, economic instruments, government administration, politics, planning, stakeholders, research and collaboration. The discussion in the focus-groups centred more on administrative weaknesses and need for improvements, rather than governance strengths related to environmental sustainability issues. It can therefore be assumed that there is work to be done when it comes to administrative aspects of environmental sustainability in Iceland.
{"title":"Iceland’s environmental sustainability: Status and government involvement","authors":"L. Jóhannsdóttir, B. Davíðsdóttir, S. Ólafsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental sustainability aims at protecting the natural capital so that future generations are not at disadvantage when in comes to utilizing natural resources. The purpose of this study was to get the view of experts on how environmental sustainable Iceland is and what are the strengths, weaknesses and improvement opportunities. Data were collected through focus-group interviews with experts in the fields of biodiversity, energy, water, land-use planning, waste, ocean and beaches, and atmosphere. Additionally, masters students participated in a focus-group interview. The results show that although the experts were asked to discuss various environmental sustainability themes, similar discussion on administrative issues took place in all of the focus-groups. The topics discussed included government strategy, measurement and control, law and regulations, economic instruments, government administration, politics, planning, stakeholders, research and collaboration. The discussion in the focus-groups centred more on administrative weaknesses and need for improvements, rather than governance strengths related to environmental sustainability issues. It can therefore be assumed that there is work to be done when it comes to administrative aspects of environmental sustainability in Iceland.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"587 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132724925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.1
Gestur Páll Reynisson, Ómar H. Kristmundsson
The article examines the general background of political advisors to Icelandic ministers in the period 1971-2014 and how it has changed. Attributes such as age, education, and professional experience are analysed for the various governmental terms and by party affiliation. The authors propose a model explaining how the advisors' backgrounds affect the role they play as political advisors to ministers. The main findings are that the general background of political advisors has not changed much in the four decades under study. Nevertheless, the evidence reveals that it has become increasingly common for advisors to have a background of working in the media, while those with expert knowledge in the field of the ministry in question remain rare. The position of a political advisor seems to be a good launchpad for a career in politics later on.
{"title":"Who becomes a political advisor to icelandic ministers","authors":"Gestur Páll Reynisson, Ómar H. Kristmundsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the general background of political advisors to Icelandic ministers in the period 1971-2014 and how it has changed. Attributes such as age, education, and professional experience are analysed for the various governmental terms and by party affiliation. The authors propose a model explaining how the advisors' backgrounds affect the role they play as political advisors to ministers. The main findings are that the general background of political advisors has not changed much in the four decades under study. Nevertheless, the evidence reveals that it has become increasingly common for advisors to have a background of working in the media, while those with expert knowledge in the field of the ministry in question remain rare. The position of a political advisor seems to be a good launchpad for a career in politics later on.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128245205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.10
J. Einarsdóttir, H. Boiro
The Palermo Protocol is the outcome of bargain and lobbying with global institutions, NGOs and government representatives embattling to enforce their interests. The outcome is the concept of trafficking that embraces the struggles against prostitution, slavery and child labour. This broad concept has allowed various local cultural practices and survival strategies of those who live under difficult conditions to become classified as trafficking. While such definition may facilitate fundraising there are adverse consequences to be considered. Firstly, hazardous conditions of children that obviously are not trafficking tend to become ignored. Second, the victims of “real” trafficking become invisible by the excessive number of children allegedly trafficked. Third, the broad definition of trafficking has contributed to criminalization of whole communities and consequent conflicts between NGOs engaged in anti-trafficking activities and the communities involved. Such a situation is not in the best interest of the children involved. Rather than spending huge amount of resources on the conventional anti-trafficking measures there is a need to address the root causes of whatsoever unacceptable condition a child is suffering from.
{"title":"The Palermo Protocol: Trafficking Takes it All","authors":"J. Einarsdóttir, H. Boiro","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Palermo Protocol is the outcome of bargain and lobbying with global institutions, NGOs and government representatives embattling to enforce their interests. The outcome is the concept of trafficking that embraces the struggles against prostitution, slavery and child labour. This broad concept has allowed various local cultural practices and survival strategies of those who live under difficult conditions to become classified as trafficking. While such definition may facilitate fundraising there are adverse consequences to be considered. Firstly, hazardous conditions of children that obviously are not trafficking tend to become ignored. Second, the victims of “real” trafficking become invisible by the excessive number of children allegedly trafficked. Third, the broad definition of trafficking has contributed to criminalization of whole communities and consequent conflicts between NGOs engaged in anti-trafficking activities and the communities involved. Such a situation is not in the best interest of the children involved. Rather than spending huge amount of resources on the conventional anti-trafficking measures there is a need to address the root causes of whatsoever unacceptable condition a child is suffering from.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.16
G. Þorsteinsdóttir, Trausti Þorsteinsson
This paper reports a research project that aimed to explore the value of study tours abroad for elementary and lower-secondary school-teachers professional development. During the period 2008–2011 grants from the educational funds of the Teacher Union in Iceland (Verkefna- og namsstyrkjasjoður FG og SI) were spent to promote such visits but the fund´s main function is to allow union members the opportunity to gain further education and enhance professional development. The paper focuses on three aspects related to study tours abroad. First, the preparation and aims of such visits are analysed. Second, the planning of these visits is described and lastly the overall gains in the light of the fund’s main function for the participating schools in terms of professional development are evaluated. Visit reports were analysed covering the period 2008–2011. In addition, six interviews were conducted with principals representing schools that participated in such visits in the year 2011. The overall conclusion indicates that the value of study tours and study visits may be limited for professional development. They aimed rather at promoting the staff´s ethos than contributing to the development of the whole school organisation.
本研究旨在探讨海外游学对中小学教师专业发展的价值。在2008-2011年期间，冰岛教师工会(Verkefna- og namsstyrkjasjo - ur FG og SI)的教育基金拨款用于促进这种访问，但该基金的主要功能是使工会成员有机会获得进一步教育和加强专业发展。本文主要从三个方面对出国游学进行研究。首先，分析了这种访问的准备工作和目的。其次，描述了这些访问的计划，最后根据基金对参与学校在专业发展方面的主要功能评估了总体收益。对2008-2011年期间的访问报告进行了分析。此外，我们亦于2011年与参与探访的学校校长进行了六次访谈。总体结论表明，游学和考察对专业发展的价值可能有限。他们的目的是促进员工的精神，而不是促进整个学校组织的发展。
{"title":"The value of teachers’ study tours abroad as a professional development","authors":"G. Þorsteinsdóttir, Trausti Þorsteinsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a research project that aimed to explore the value of study tours abroad for elementary and lower-secondary school-teachers professional development. During the period 2008–2011 grants from the educational funds of the Teacher Union in Iceland (Verkefna- og namsstyrkjasjoður FG og SI) were spent to promote such visits but the fund´s main function is to allow union members the opportunity to gain further education and enhance professional development. The paper focuses on three aspects related to study tours abroad. First, the preparation and aims of such visits are analysed. Second, the planning of these visits is described and lastly the overall gains in the light of the fund’s main function for the participating schools in terms of professional development are evaluated. Visit reports were analysed covering the period 2008–2011. In addition, six interviews were conducted with principals representing schools that participated in such visits in the year 2011. The overall conclusion indicates that the value of study tours and study visits may be limited for professional development. They aimed rather at promoting the staff´s ethos than contributing to the development of the whole school organisation.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"90 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128935169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/irpa.a.2014.10.2.9
J. Jónasson, Helgi Gunnlaugsson
The use of illegal drugs has often been shown to ignite fear and insecurity in society. When a new drug appears the media typically reports on this drug and the risk it poses. Soon after ecstasy appeared in Iceland in the 1990s its use created a major public uproar and insecurity in Icelandic society. In the article the theory of moral panic will be used to examine if the arrival of ecstasy to Iceland ignited a moral panic. Media reports on ecstasy, public reactions, interest groups and government institutions will be analysed. Discourse analysis is employed on newspaper reporting on ecstasy between 1985 and 1997 to detect signs of moral panic. The main conclusion is that evidence suggests that a moral panic existed in Iceland as described in well-known theories on the subject.
{"title":"Moral panic in Icelandic society: Arrival of ecstasy to Iceland","authors":"J. Jónasson, Helgi Gunnlaugsson","doi":"10.13177/irpa.a.2014.10.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/irpa.a.2014.10.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The use of illegal drugs has often been shown to ignite fear and insecurity in society. When a new drug appears the media typically reports on this drug and the risk it poses. Soon after ecstasy appeared in Iceland in the 1990s its use created a major public uproar and insecurity in Icelandic society. In the article the theory of moral panic will be used to examine if the arrival of ecstasy to Iceland ignited a moral panic. Media reports on ecstasy, public reactions, interest groups and government institutions will be analysed. Discourse analysis is employed on newspaper reporting on ecstasy between 1985 and 1997 to detect signs of moral panic. The main conclusion is that evidence suggests that a moral panic existed in Iceland as described in well-known theories on the subject.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132115371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.19
S. Egilson, Sara Stefánsdóttir
The purpose of this study was to examine how parents of disabled children experience the services which they and their children receive from the family-service unit at the municipality of Akureyri, and to analyse factors relating to parents’ satisfaction with the services. This was a sequential mixed method study. Initially, the Measure of Processes of Care questionnaire was sent to parents of 115 disabled children, answering ratio was about 50%. Descriptive statistics, significance tests and correlation coefficients were used in the analysis. Subsequently 14 parents elaborated on the survey findings in focus groups interviews. Data analysis revealed that parents – particularly those with young children – found the services in line with family-centred values. Overall they experienced respectful and supportive attitudes, easy access to staff and that they provided important, flexible and relevant support. Nevertheless, a notable shortage of information was conveyed and that the responsibilities of the unit were somewhat unclear. Parents of children who need extensive daily support were more content than were parents of children who were mostly or fully independent. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders were more discontent than parents of children with other types of impairments. Parents’ participation in decision-making and their positive experience of staff attitudes predicted their satisfaction with services. Thus special attention should be given to parental participation in decision-making and provision of information since lack of information may cause insecurity and experience of erratic services. Attention should be geared towards families of children in the upper grades of elementary school.
{"title":"Welfare services and disabled children: Perspectives from parents in the municipality of Akureyri","authors":"S. Egilson, Sara Stefánsdóttir","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine how parents of disabled children experience the services which they and their children receive from the family-service unit at the municipality of Akureyri, and to analyse factors relating to parents’ satisfaction with the services. This was a sequential mixed method study. Initially, the Measure of Processes of Care questionnaire was sent to parents of 115 disabled children, answering ratio was about 50%. Descriptive statistics, significance tests and correlation coefficients were used in the analysis. Subsequently 14 parents elaborated on the survey findings in focus groups interviews. Data analysis revealed that parents – particularly those with young children – found the services in line with family-centred values. Overall they experienced respectful and supportive attitudes, easy access to staff and that they provided important, flexible and relevant support. Nevertheless, a notable shortage of information was conveyed and that the responsibilities of the unit were somewhat unclear. Parents of children who need extensive daily support were more content than were parents of children who were mostly or fully independent. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders were more discontent than parents of children with other types of impairments. Parents’ participation in decision-making and their positive experience of staff attitudes predicted their satisfaction with services. Thus special attention should be given to parental participation in decision-making and provision of information since lack of information may cause insecurity and experience of erratic services. Attention should be geared towards families of children in the upper grades of elementary school.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125114202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-15DOI: 10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.12
S. Hrafnsdóttir, G. Jónsdóttir, Ómar H. Kristmundsson
The paper discusses participation in formal voluntary work in Iceland. Findings from three waves of the European Values Study (EVS) from 1990-2010 are discussed in a theoretical and international context. The results show that around a third of the Icelandic population aged 18 years and older was involved in some kind of unpaid voluntary work in 2009-2010, a little fewer than in 1990. Around 75% were members of voluntary organizations, about the same ratio as in 1990. Respondents were most likely to do voluntary work for sports- or recreation associations and were also more likely to belong to sports clubs than other associations or organizations. Although voluntary work for social welfare services was the second most frequent, that type of associations suffered the biggest decline in the number of volunteers between 1990 and 2009. Overall, there is not a significant difference in men and women‘s participation in voluntary organizations although men are much more likely than women to do unpaid voluntary work for associations involved in sports, recreation and youth work. Respondents over 50 years are more likely to do voluntary work than younger participants, especially in the field of social welfare. Respondents with higher education are the most likely to be involved in voluntary work. Occupational status is also strongly linked to such work, mainly within sports and recreation. Married respondents are in all instances more likely than others to do voluntary work and people in rural areas are more likely than people in urban areas to engage in such activities. The results that are in accordance with international findings provide important information about participation in voluntary organizations, unpaid voluntary work in Iceland, and changes over time.
{"title":"Participation in Voluntary Work in Iceland","authors":"S. Hrafnsdóttir, G. Jónsdóttir, Ómar H. Kristmundsson","doi":"10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13177/IRPA.A.2014.10.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses participation in formal voluntary work in Iceland. Findings from three waves of the European Values Study (EVS) from 1990-2010 are discussed in a theoretical and international context. The results show that around a third of the Icelandic population aged 18 years and older was involved in some kind of unpaid voluntary work in 2009-2010, a little fewer than in 1990. Around 75% were members of voluntary organizations, about the same ratio as in 1990. Respondents were most likely to do voluntary work for sports- or recreation associations and were also more likely to belong to sports clubs than other associations or organizations. Although voluntary work for social welfare services was the second most frequent, that type of associations suffered the biggest decline in the number of volunteers between 1990 and 2009. Overall, there is not a significant difference in men and women‘s participation in voluntary organizations although men are much more likely than women to do unpaid voluntary work for associations involved in sports, recreation and youth work. Respondents over 50 years are more likely to do voluntary work than younger participants, especially in the field of social welfare. Respondents with higher education are the most likely to be involved in voluntary work. Occupational status is also strongly linked to such work, mainly within sports and recreation. Married respondents are in all instances more likely than others to do voluntary work and people in rural areas are more likely than people in urban areas to engage in such activities. The results that are in accordance with international findings provide important information about participation in voluntary organizations, unpaid voluntary work in Iceland, and changes over time.","PeriodicalId":294103,"journal":{"name":"Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132883267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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