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Graphene electronics for RF applications 用于射频应用的石墨烯电子器件
Pub Date : 2012-05-08 DOI: 10.1109/MMM.2012.2189035
Han Wang, A. Hsu, Ki Kang Kim, J. Kong, T. Palacios
Graphene, a one-atom-thick layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, has recently attracted great interest among physicists and engineers. The combination of the unique properties of this material, with new device concepts and nanotechnology may overcome some of the main limitations of traditional radio-frequency (RF) electronics in terms of maximum frequency, linearity and power dissipation. In this paper, we review the recent progress on graphene-based electronic devices for RF applications. In particular, the growth and technology of graphene transistors with an ƒT.LG product of 24 GHz.µm will be discussed. These devices have shown excellent potential for high speed RF applications and frequency multiplier circuits with cut-off frequencies of more than 1.4 GHz have been demonstrated. The future challenges facing this rising technology and its feasibility for a new generation of applications in RF communications and circuits are also discussed.
石墨烯是一种单原子厚度的碳原子层,排列成蜂窝状晶格,最近引起了物理学家和工程师的极大兴趣。这种材料的独特特性与新的器件概念和纳米技术相结合,可能会克服传统射频(RF)电子器件在最大频率、线性度和功耗方面的一些主要限制。本文综述了近年来石墨烯基射频电子器件的研究进展。特别是石墨烯晶体管的生长和技术与ƒT。LG产品为24ghz。µm将被讨论。这些器件在高速射频应用和截止频率超过1.4 GHz的倍频电路中显示出极好的潜力。本文还讨论了这一新兴技术未来面临的挑战及其在射频通信和电路中新一代应用的可行性。
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引用次数: 39
From Minitrack to NAVSTAR: The early development of the global positioning system, 1955–1975 从Minitrack到NAVSTAR:全球定位系统的早期发展,1955-1975
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972582
L. Slater
The paper outlines the early days of satellite navigation, focusing on the work of the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) on systems that contributed to the later Global Positioning System (GPS). NRL's innovations included the Minitrack system for space surveillance, the development of high-precision timing systems for use in space, the Timation navigation satellite program, and the first two Navigation Technology Satellites (NTS-1 and NTS-2). NAVSTAR-GPS emerged as a joint Department of Defense (DoD) program in 1973, by which time much of the GPS concept had been developed and a number of GPS technologies had been tested.
这篇论文概述了卫星导航的早期,重点介绍了海军研究实验室(NRL)对后来的全球定位系统(GPS)做出贡献的系统的工作。NRL的创新包括用于空间监视的Minitrack系统、用于空间的高精度授时系统的开发、授时导航卫星计划和头两颗导航技术卫星(NTS-1和NTS-2)。1973年,NAVSTAR-GPS作为美国国防部(DoD)的一个联合项目出现,当时GPS概念的大部分已经开发出来,许多GPS技术已经进行了测试。
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引用次数: 3
Modeling communications effects and simulation of the electronic battlefield environment (EBE) a tribute to Prof. Nathan Marcuvitz 模拟通信效果和模拟电子战场环境(EBE)是对Nathan Marcuvitz教授的致敬
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972573
B. Perlman
Dr. Nathan Marcuvitz stands out clearly as the leading figure in the field of electromagnetic waves for the period of at least two decades following World War II. He was widely viewed by his colleagues as the premier electromagnetics scholar of his generation. This presentation about state of the art of simulation of battlefields is a tribute to his contribution and a symbol of how he early modeling efforts to very sophisticated system modeling schemes.
内森·马库维茨博士在第二次世界大战后至少二十年的时间里,作为电磁波领域的领军人物,脱颖而出。他的同事们普遍认为他是那个时代最杰出的电磁学学者。这次关于战场模拟技术现状的演讲是对他的贡献的致敬,也是他如何将早期建模努力转化为非常复杂的系统建模方案的象征。
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引用次数: 0
An X-band Luneburg Lens antenna fabricated by rapid prototyping technology 采用快速成型技术制备的x波段Luneburg透镜天线
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972738
M. Liang, W. Ng, Kihun Chang, M. Gehm, H. Xin
In this paper, a 3-D Luneburg Lens has been designed, fabricated and characterized. Refractive index control of the lens is based on the mixing ratio of air voids and a polymer. The 12 cm (4λ0 at 10 GHz) diameter lens is designed to work at X-band. The effective permittivity of the unit cell is estimated by effective medium theory and calculated by the finite-element simulation software Ansoft HFSS. Fabrication is implemented by a polymer jetting rapid prototyping method. In the measurement, the lens antenna is fed by an X-band waveguide. The half-power beam width of the antenna is 14 degrees and no obvious side lobe is found in the measurement above the noise floor.
本文设计、制作了一种三维鲁讷堡透镜,并对其进行了表征。透镜的折射率控制是基于空气空隙和聚合物的混合比例。直径12厘米(4λ0 at 10 GHz)的透镜设计用于x波段。利用有效介质理论估算了单元电池的有效介电常数,并利用有限元模拟软件Ansoft HFSS进行了计算。通过聚合物喷射快速成型方法实现制造。在测量中,透镜天线由x波段波导馈电。天线的半功率波束宽度为14度,在噪声底以上的测量中未发现明显的旁瓣。
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引用次数: 28
MR in the far field: From mode transformation and holography to quasi-optics 远场磁共振:从模变换和全息到准光学
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972993
A. Tonyushkin, A. Kiruluta
Fundamental properties of holography such as storage, recall and matched filtering, arising out of momentum matching considerations of the propagating excitation fields, have been experimentally demonstrated for the first time in MR. As the wavelength of the MR scanner becomes commensurate or smaller than the geometrical thickness of the sample, new phenomena common in quantum optics but hitherto unknown in MR. Far-field concept such as interference and diffraction, will become prevalent with the use of propagating excitation fields in MRI. This realization of holographic principles in MR can be fruitful in designing MR imaging and spectroscopic techniques such as phase conjugate imaging for correcting image distortions caused by field inhomogeneities, as well as new spatial encoding schemes based on a holographic grating encoding. In addition, it has potential to lead to new concepts for information storage and processing at MR frequencies. For example, the use of convolution operations opens the possibility of applying spectral filters directly to the hologram as part of the readout while holographic recording has the potential to increase resolution in MR limited only by the fringe spacing and T2 of the sample. Our analysis shows that for a Larmor frequency of 300 MHz in a 7.0 T whole-body scanner, traveling wave modes in dielectric samples within the range of biological tissues can be sufficient to support imaging of the body parts. The modes diversity depends on the tissue efficient diameter, relative permittivity, conductivity, and the Larmor frequency. The imaging contrast will depend on the particular modes that have been excited in the tissue. A more complicated case of heterogeneous axial symmetric dielectric can be also analyzed using effective permittivity with our approach of mode transformation.
由于考虑了传播激发场的动量匹配,全息术的基本特性,如存储、回忆和匹配滤波,在MR中首次得到了实验证明。随着MR扫描仪的波长变得与样品的几何厚度相称或小于样品的厚度,在量子光学中常见的新现象,但迄今为止在MR中未知,远场概念如干涉和衍射。随着在MRI中传播激励场的使用,将变得普遍。磁共振全息原理的实现有助于设计磁共振成像和光谱技术,如相位共轭成像,用于校正由场不均匀性引起的图像畸变,以及基于全息光栅编码的新的空间编码方案。此外,它有可能导致在磁共振频率下的信息存储和处理的新概念。例如,卷积操作的使用打开了将光谱滤波器直接应用于全息图作为读出的一部分的可能性,而全息记录具有增加MR分辨率的潜力,仅受条纹间距和样品T2的限制。我们的分析表明,在7.0 T全身扫描仪中,当拉莫尔频率为300 MHz时,生物组织范围内介电样品中的行波模式足以支持身体部位的成像。模式的多样性取决于组织的有效直径、相对介电常数、电导率和拉莫尔频率。成像对比度将取决于组织中被激发的特定模式。利用有效介电常数的模态变换方法,还可以分析更为复杂的非均质轴对称介质。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Wilkinson power divider with embedded low-pass filter and cross-stub for improved stop-band characteristics 嵌入式低通滤波器和交叉存根的威尔金森功率分配器的设计,以改善阻带特性
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972751
Moon-Gyu Choi, Hye-Min Lee, Young‐Ho Cho, Xu-Guang Wang, S. Yun
This paper presents a modified microstrip Wilkinson power divider with improved stopband characteristics. By using embedded stepped-impedance low-pass filters and a cross-stub, not only wide stopband performance but also a controllable transmission zero for specified nth harmonic suppression can be effectively obtained. In addition, the explicit design equations of the proposed power divider are derived. Several power divider examples centered at 1.5 GHz are designed, fabricated and measured for demonstration. Experimental results show a good agreement with the simulated ones, which validates the proposed design.
本文提出了一种改进的微带威尔金森功率分压器,具有改进的阻带特性。通过采用内嵌式阶跃阻抗低通滤波器和交叉存根,不仅可以获得宽阻带性能,而且可以有效地获得指定n次谐波抑制的可控传输零点。此外,还推导了该功率分配器的显式设计方程。设计、制作和测量了几个以1.5 GHz为中心的功率分配器实例。实验结果与仿真结果吻合较好,验证了设计的正确性。
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引用次数: 7
Position estimation of thin, conducting plates at mm-Wave frequencies utilizing polarimetric effects 利用极化效应在毫米波频率下的薄导电板的位置估计
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972672
A. Haderer, P. Scherz, A. Stelzer
In this contribution, we address the position estimation of thin, conducting plates by means of a frequency-stepped continuous wave (FSCW) radar system. In particular, we focus on polarimetric scattering properties, introduced by an edge at the border of a conducting plate. To account for the edge's contribution to the overall FSCW radar signal, the method of equivalent currents is applied and finally the implemented scattering model is verified by measurements. Based on the scattering properties, a simplified signal model is deduced by the method of stationary phase. The proposed signal model can be used to precisely estimate the position of the edge if multiple measurements from spatially distributed positions are available.
在这篇贡献中,我们通过频率阶跃连续波(FSCW)雷达系统解决了薄导电板的位置估计问题。特别地,我们聚焦于极化散射特性,它是由导电板边缘引入的。为了考虑边缘对整个FSCW雷达信号的贡献,采用了等效电流的方法,最后通过测量验证了所实现的散射模型。根据散射特性,采用定相法推导了信号的简化模型。在空间分布位置的多个测量值可用时,该信号模型可用于精确估计边缘的位置。
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引用次数: 3
24-GHz joint radar and radio system capable of time-agile wireless sensing and communication 24 ghz联合雷达和无线电系统,具有时变无线传感和通信能力
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972832
Liang Han, K. Wu
A multifunctional and time-agile system combining both radar sensing and radio communication capabilities is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for 24-GHz vehicular applications. By arranging the radar sensing mode and the radio communication mode in sequential time slots, the present system can operate with the flexibility and capability of functional reconfiguration and fusion using a single transceiver platform. To further reduce cost and also increase efficiency, a 24-GHz system demonstrator has been designed based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Preliminary experiments have verified system performance. In addition to high-precision range detection, the proposed system has proved a great capability of communication at a data rate of 50 Mbps for both binary-phase-shift-keying (BPSK) and quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK). Therefore, this system is a very promising cost-effective solution for the development of 24-GHz onboard multifunctional systems.
提出了一种结合雷达传感和无线电通信能力的多功能时间敏捷系统,并进行了24ghz车载应用实验验证。通过将雷达感知模式和无线电通信模式安排在连续时隙中,本系统可以在单个收发平台上灵活地运行,并具有功能重构和融合的能力。为了进一步降低成本和提高效率,设计了基于衬底集成波导(SIW)技术的24ghz系统演示器。初步实验验证了系统的性能。除了高精度的距离检测外,该系统在数据速率为50 Mbps的情况下,对二相移相键控(BPSK)和正交移相键控(QPSK)都具有良好的通信能力。因此,该系统是开发24ghz机载多功能系统的一个非常有前途的经济有效的解决方案。
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引用次数: 10
Systematic estimation of memory effects parameters in power amplifiers' behavioral models 功率放大器行为模型中记忆效应参数的系统估计
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5972927
Bilel Fehri, S. Boumaiza
This paper deals with systematic behavioral modeling of power amplifiers through the study of the parameters involved in the memory effects phenomenon and the appropriate method for their estimation. The gained knowledge is integrated in both memory polynomial and real-valued time-delay neural network models; and, their linearization capability is investigated and compared to their empirical non-system based counterparts. According to the measurement results, the memory polynomial was required to be over dimensioned to achieve the same linearization performance obtained using a system memory parameters based one. It is also shown that the integration of prior knowledge of system to be modeled reduces the complexity and improves model robustness.
本文通过研究记忆效应现象所涉及的参数及其估计方法,对功率放大器的系统行为建模进行了研究。将获得的知识集成到记忆多项式和实值时滞神经网络模型中;研究了它们的线性化能力,并将其与经验的非系统的线性化能力进行了比较。根据测量结果,为了获得与基于系统存储参数的线性化性能相同的线性化性能,需要对存储多项式进行过维化。将待建模系统的先验知识集成在一起,降低了模型的复杂性,提高了模型的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 8
Singly terminated reconstruction filters for current-mode class-S power amplifiers 用于电流模式s类功率放大器的单端重构滤波器
Pub Date : 2011-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/MWSYM.2011.5973573
E. Serebryakova, K. Blau, M. Hein
This paper presents the design of a reconstruction filter for a class-S power amplifier. Previously, a few doubly terminated filters for a switched-mode amplifier system were presented, but measurement results showed significant ripples up to 3 dB in output power. This effect can be explained by the current mode final stage acting like a current source with infinite internal impedance, thus demanding a singly terminated filter. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of the doubly and singly terminated filters in terms of a symbolic algorithm and, moreover, proves mathematically that only singly terminated filters owing to their constant input impedance can fulfil the requirements of current-mode switching amplifiers.
本文介绍了一种用于s类功率放大器的重构滤波器的设计。以前,已经提出了一些用于开关模式放大器系统的双端滤波器,但测量结果显示输出功率的波纹高达3db。这种效应可以解释为电流模式末级像一个具有无限内部阻抗的电流源,因此需要一个单端滤波器。本文从符号算法的角度对双端滤波器和单端滤波器进行了全面的比较,并从数学上证明了只有单端滤波器由于其恒定的输入阻抗才能满足电流型开关放大器的要求。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium
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