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2019 IEEE 18th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)最新文献

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Global Challenge Governance: Time for Big Modelling? 全球挑战治理:是时候建立大模型了?
Tibor Toth, G. Theodoropoulos, S. Boland, Ibad Kureshi, Adam Ghandar
Global emergencies such as epidemics present immense governance challenges to national, political and operational decision-makers. Modelling and Simulation has been identified as a crucial force multiplier in the development and implementation of preparedness and response measures for epidemics and pandemics outbreaks. Recent years have witnessed an explosion in modelling and simulation tools for this domain while emerging technologies such as IoT and remote sensing enable data collection as an unprecedented scale. However fragmentation and siloing of these efforts hamper their effectiveness. This paper argues that the complexity and scale of the challenge calls for an integrated “Big Modelling” approach which would bring all the different elements together to enable a holistic view and analysis and outlines a computation framework that can act as a catalyst in this direction.
流行病等全球紧急情况对国家、政治和业务决策者提出了巨大的治理挑战。建模和模拟已被确定为制定和执行流行病和大流行病爆发的防备和应对措施的关键力量倍增器。近年来,该领域的建模和仿真工具出现了爆炸式增长,而物联网和遥感等新兴技术使数据收集达到了前所未有的规模。然而,这些努力的碎片化和竖井化妨碍了它们的效力。本文认为,挑战的复杂性和规模需要一种综合的“大建模”方法,这种方法将所有不同的元素结合在一起,以实现整体视图和分析,并概述一个计算框架,可以作为这个方向的催化剂。
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引用次数: 2
Kalman Filter-Based Noise Reduction Framework for Posture Estimation Using Depth Sensor 基于卡尔曼滤波的深度传感器姿态估计降噪框架
Ferdous Ahmed, A. Bari, Brandon Sieu, Javad Sadeghi, Jeffrey Scholten, M. Gavrilova
Significant benefits can be achieved through the integration of cognitive computing technologies in healthcare delivery services, including physiotherapy. The traditional approach to physiotherapy requires attaching a marker-based tracking device with the patients and conducting analysis to diagnose by physiotherapists and chiropractors. Tracking efficiency of patient rehabilitation frequently depends on the physiotherapist's notes, which is tedious and prone to errors. In order to streamline the process of data collection and record-keeping, and to make more informed decisions on the effectiveness of prescribed therapy, depth sensors can be integrated with current physician practices. This paper is one of the very first attempts to assist physicians through proprietary Kinect sensor-based technologies. The goal is to make sure static posture estimation is highly accurate. Thus, this paper introduces the solution through a noise reduction framework where the Kalman filter and a recursive noise reduction algorithm are combined to improve the accuracy and the consistency of the human 3D skeleton motion data. The Kalman filter is used for the reduction of tremors by abnormal estimation of body joints in real-time using Kinect v2. The posture correction algorithm is incorporated in the proposed framework to reduce anthropometrically inconsistent estimation of limb lengths of the human body. The proposed posture correction algorithm was extensively validated on the proprietary data set.
通过将认知计算技术集成到医疗保健服务(包括物理治疗)中,可以获得显著的好处。传统的物理治疗方法需要在患者身上安装一个基于标记的跟踪设备,并由物理治疗师和脊椎按摩师进行分析诊断。患者康复的跟踪效率往往取决于物理治疗师的笔记,这是繁琐的,容易出错。为了简化数据收集和记录保存的过程,并对处方治疗的有效性做出更明智的决定,深度传感器可以与当前的医生实践相结合。这篇论文是通过专有的Kinect传感器技术帮助医生的首批尝试之一。目标是确保静态姿态估计是高度准确的。因此,本文介绍了通过卡尔曼滤波和递归降噪算法相结合的降噪框架来提高人体三维骨骼运动数据的准确性和一致性的解决方案。通过使用Kinect v2实时对身体关节进行异常估计,卡尔曼滤波用于减少震颤。姿态校正算法被纳入所提出的框架中,以减少人体肢体长度估计的人体测量不一致。在专有数据集上对所提出的姿态校正算法进行了广泛的验证。
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引用次数: 3
The Alternate Education for the 21st Century 21世纪的替代教育
R. Saurabh, N. C. Singh, A. Duraiappah
The purpose of the present education system is economic growth not human flourishing. Recent reports have confirmed that the emphasis on material wellbeing has been at the expense of increasing anxiety, depression, insecurity and poor interpersonal relationships. This has resulted in a worldwide call for education to adopt a more holistic approach. Building on recent research from the neurosciences that demonstrates the need to build emotional along with intellectual intelligence, we advocate a ‘whole brain’ approach to education to achieve human flourishing. We posit that education needs to integrate socio-emotional learning skills in addition to skills of problem solving and logical inquiry. We postulate that such transformative developments in education can be best implemented through experiential learning using digital pedagogies leveraging models of AI. We detail embedded Ontology based User Model that power ‘individualized’ learning through performance based trajectories with appropriate new knowledge and complexity.
现行教育制度的目的是经济增长,而不是人类繁荣。最近的报告证实,对物质幸福的强调是以增加焦虑、抑郁、不安全感和糟糕的人际关系为代价的。这导致全世界呼吁教育采取更全面的方法。基于最近的神经科学研究,我们提倡一种“全脑”的教育方法,以实现人类的繁荣。该研究表明,在培养智力的同时,也需要培养情感。我们认为,除了解决问题和逻辑探究的技能外,教育还需要整合社会情感学习技能。我们认为,这种教育变革的发展可以通过利用人工智能模型的数字教学法进行体验式学习来实现。我们详细介绍了嵌入式基于本体的用户模型,该模型通过具有适当新知识和复杂性的基于性能的轨迹来实现“个性化”学习。
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning based Video Coding using Data-driven Techniques and Advanced Models 基于机器学习的视频编码使用数据驱动技术和高级模型
S. Kwong
In June 6th 2016, Cisco released the white paper [1], VNI Forecast and Methodology 2015–2020, reported that 82 percent of Internet traffic will come from video applications such as video surveillance, content delivery network, so on by 2020. It also reported that Internet video surveillance traffic nearly doubled, Virtual reality traffic quadrupled, TV grew 50 percent and similar increases for other applications in 2015. The annual global traffic will first time exceed the zettabyte (ZB;1000 exabytes[EB]) threshold in 2016, and will reach 2.3 ZB by 2020. It implies that 1.886ZB belongs to video data. Thus, in order to relieve the burden on video storage, streaming and other video services, researchers from the video community have developed a series of video coding standards. Among them, the most up-to-date is the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) or H.265 standard, which has successfully halved the coding bits of its predecessor, H.264/AVC, without significant increase in perceived distortion. With the rapid growth of network transmission capacity, enjoying high definition video applications anytime and anywhere with mobile display terminals will be a desirable feature in the near future. Due to the lack of hardware computing power and limited bandwidth, lower complexity and higher compression efficiency video coding scheme are still desired. For higher video compression performance, the key optimization problems, mainly decision making and resource allocation problem, shall be solved. In this talk, I will present the most recent research results on machine learning and game theory based video coding. This is very different from the traditional approaches in video coding. We hope applying these intelligent techniques to vide coding could allow us to go further and have more choices in trading off between cost and resources.
2016年6月6日,思科发布了《2015-2020年VNI预测与方法论》白皮书[1],报告称,到2020年,82%的互联网流量将来自视频监控、内容分发网络等视频应用。2015年,互联网视频监控流量几乎翻了一番,虚拟现实流量翻了两番,电视流量增长了50%,其他应用也有类似的增长。2016年,全球年流量将首次突破ZB (ZB; 1000eb [EB])的门槛,到2020年将达到2.3 ZB。这意味着1.886ZB属于视频数据。因此,为了减轻视频存储、流媒体等视频业务的负担,视频界的研究人员开发了一系列视频编码标准。其中,最新的是高效视频编码(HEVC)或H.265标准,它成功地将其前身H.264/AVC的编码位减半,而没有明显增加感知失真。随着网络传输容量的快速增长,使用移动显示终端随时随地享受高清视频应用将是不久的将来的一个理想特征。由于硬件计算能力的不足和带宽的限制,仍然需要更低的复杂度和更高的压缩效率的视频编码方案。为了获得更高的视频压缩性能,需要解决关键的优化问题,主要是决策和资源分配问题。在这次演讲中,我将介绍基于机器学习和博弈论的视频编码的最新研究成果。这与传统的视频编码方法有很大的不同。我们希望将这些智能技术应用于视频编码可以让我们走得更远,在成本和资源之间有更多的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Sequence Learning for Images Recognition in Videos with Differential Neural Networks 基于差分神经网络的视频图像识别序列学习
Yingxu Wang, Omar A. Zatarain, Tony Tsai, D. Graves
Sequence learning from real-time videos is one of the hard challenges to current machine learning technologies and classic neural networks. Since existing supervised learning technologies are heavily dependent on intensive data and prior training, new methodologies for learning temporal sequences by unsupervised learning theories and technologies are yet to be developed. This paper presents the design and implementation of a novel Differential Neural Network (∇NN) for unsupervised sequence learning. The methodology is developed with a set of fundamental theories and enabling technologies for solving the problems of visual object recognition, motion detection, and visual semantic analysis in video sequence. A set of experiments on ∇NN for sequence learning is demonstrated. This work has not only led to a theoretical breakthrough to novel machine sequence learning, but also applicable to a wide range of challenging problems in computational intelligence and the AI industry.
实时视频序列学习是当前机器学习技术和经典神经网络面临的严峻挑战之一。由于现有的监督学习技术严重依赖于密集的数据和事先的训练,因此利用无监督学习理论和技术来学习时间序列的新方法尚未开发。本文提出了一种用于无监督序列学习的新型差分神经网络(∇NN)的设计和实现。该方法是用一套基本理论和使能技术来解决视频序列中的视觉对象识别、运动检测和视觉语义分析问题。演示了一组用于序列学习的∇NN实验。这项工作不仅导致了新的机器序列学习的理论突破,而且适用于计算智能和人工智能行业的广泛挑战性问题。
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引用次数: 6
Thermal Tactile Experiment Device Based on Fuzzy PID Controller and Perception Experiments 基于模糊PID控制器和感知实验的热触觉实验装置
Junjie Bai, Jun Peng, Xue Zhang, Xiuyan Zhang, Zuojin Li, Jing Huang, Kan Luo, Jianxing Li
Using thermal tactile sensing mechanism based on semi-infinite body model, and combining with the advantages of maximum proportional controller, fuzzy and PID controller, a thermal tactile perception and reproduction experiment device (TTPRED) was designed based on the composite control strategy of threshold switching. The finger difference threshold measurement experiment of thermal tactile was carried out and the finger thermal tactile difference threshold was measured. The experiment results show that, the temperature control range of TTPRED is from −10°C to 130°C, the temperature resolution and precision are 0.01°e and ±0.1 °C respectively, the maximum heating or cooling rate is greater than 12 °C, and the TTPRED can realize the temperature output of the specific waveform quickly and accurately. The experiment results of psychophysical experiment will provide the experimental foundations and technical support for the further study of thermal tactile perception and reproduction.
利用基于半无限体模型的热触觉传感机构,结合最大比例控制器、模糊控制器和PID控制器的优点,设计了基于阈值切换复合控制策略的热触觉感知与再现实验装置(TTPRED)。进行了热触觉手指差阈值测量实验,测量了手指热触觉差阈值。实验结果表明,TTPRED的温度控制范围为−10℃~ 130℃,温度分辨率和精度分别为0.01℃和±0.1℃,最大加热或冷却速率大于12℃,TTPRED可以快速准确地实现特定波形的温度输出。心理物理实验的实验结果将为热触觉感知与再现的进一步研究提供实验基础和技术支持。
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引用次数: 0
Human-Centered Symbiotic System Science 以人为本的共生系统科学
R. Fiorini
In previous paper we showed that Symbiotic System Science (SSS) is a growing scientific area which is taking a leadership role in fostering consensus on how best to bring about symbiotic relationships between autonomous systems. Capitalizing on SSS insights and development, the recognition that SAS (Symbiotic Autonomous Systems) are poised to have a revolutionary impact on society over the coming years is quite straightforward. The promise of SSS is to reveal a convenient roadmap to arrive to Human-centered Symbiotic System Science (HCSSS) to develop more reliable Human-centered Symbiotic System (HCSS), to fully utilize the capabilities of cognitive computing and brain-inspired system as support for more effective application of our higher human faculties. In present paper we discuss HCSSS to bring about symbiotic relationships between HCSS, as evidenced by the living human brain modalities, supported by the CICT OUM framework.
在之前的论文中,我们表明共生系统科学(SSS)是一个不断发展的科学领域,在促进如何最好地实现自治系统之间的共生关系的共识方面发挥着领导作用。利用SSS的洞察力和发展,认识到SAS(共生自治系统)在未来几年将对社会产生革命性的影响是相当直接的。SSS的承诺是揭示一个方便的路线图,到达以人为中心的共生系统科学(HCSSS),开发更可靠的以人为中心的共生系统(HCSS),充分利用认知计算和脑启发系统的能力,支持更有效地应用我们的高等人类能力。在本文中,我们讨论了HCSSS,以实现HCSS之间的共生关系,正如在CICT OUM框架的支持下,活生生的人脑模式所证明的那样。
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引用次数: 1
A Machine Learning Radar Scheduling Method Based on the EST Algorithm 基于EST算法的机器学习雷达调度方法
Z. Qu, Z. Ding, P. Moo
A machine learning radar scheduling method is proposed based on the earliest start time (EST) algorithm. In this method, the EST algorithm is used to find an initial schedule, and a reinforcement learning approach is conducted to reduce the cost of the initial schedule. In search for a better starting point, the start time of all the tasks are randomly shifted within their allowed time ranges, the shifted tasks are scheduled with the EST again. Then the gradient descent algorithm is applied to further shift the tasks' start times, in order to find an enhanced solution. The procedure is repeated several times. The schedule with the minimal cost is the final solution. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated numerically, showing 1.3 to 10.5 times less cost than the EST, depending on the scenario. In addition, a full cycle of scheduling takes a few tens of milliseconds thus the method could be considered in real radar systems.
提出了一种基于最早开始时间算法的机器学习雷达调度方法。该方法采用EST算法寻找初始调度,并采用强化学习方法降低初始调度的成本。为了寻找更好的起始点,所有任务的起始时间在允许的时间范围内随机移动,移动后的任务重新与EST进行调度。然后应用梯度下降算法进一步移动任务的开始时间,以寻找增强解。这个过程要重复几次。成本最低的时间表是最终的解决方案。所提出的方法的性能进行了数值评估,根据具体情况,显示成本比EST低1.3至10.5倍。此外,一个完整的调度周期需要几十毫秒,因此可以考虑在实际雷达系统中使用该方法。
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引用次数: 5
A Robust Variance Complexity Measure for Stochastic Self-Affine Processes 随机自仿射过程的鲁棒方差复杂度度量
W. Kinsner
The complexity of a deterministic differentiable process is lower than that of a stochastic nondifferentiable process. Measuring the complexity of such processes may be useful in extracting objective features from the processes for their classification in either reactive, adaptive, or predictive control. This applies to classifiers based not only on the traditional neural networks, but also on deep learning systems, and particularly in cognitive systems. This paper describes a robust algorithm to measure the variance complexity of a self-affine time series using multiscale and polyscale analyses, and provides new insight in the theoretical and practical aspects of extracting the measure.
确定性可微过程的复杂性比随机不可微过程的复杂性低。测量这些过程的复杂性可能有助于从过程中提取客观特征,以便在反应控制、自适应控制或预测控制中进行分类。这不仅适用于基于传统神经网络的分类器,也适用于深度学习系统,特别是在认知系统中。本文提出了一种基于多尺度和多尺度分析的自仿射时间序列方差复杂度的鲁棒测量算法,为自仿射时间序列方差复杂度的提取提供了新的理论和实践见解。
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引用次数: 3
Multi-objective Optimisation of Dynamic Responses for a Rail Freight Wagon using Regression Models 利用回归模型对铁路货车的动态响应进行多目标优化
M. Pandey, Rituparna Datta, Rajarshi Dey, B. Bhattacharya
The optimization problem of the carbody dynamic response for a freight wagon fitted with three-piece bogie can be formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem wherein four of the dynamic response parameters i.e. vertical acceleration on straight track in empty and loaded condition, lateral acceleration on 2° curve in empty and loaded condition, may be selected as representative objective functions for the overall dynamic response of the freight wagon. In this paper, attempts are made to form non-linear regression equations with experimental data to formulate the objective functions. After that, computational intelligence based evolutionary multi-objective optimisation is used to solve the problem and Pareto fronts are drawn for the objective functions using NSGA-II. Subsequently, the weighted optimization problem is solved for a different combination of weights.
装有三件式转向架的货车的车体动态响应优化问题可表述为一个多目标优化问题,其中四个动态响应参数(即空载和满载状态下直线轨道上的垂直加速度、空载和满载状态下 2° 弯道上的横向加速度)可被选为货车整体动态响应的代表性目标函数。本文尝试利用实验数据建立非线性回归方程,以制定目标函数。然后,使用基于计算智能的进化多目标优化来解决问题,并使用 NSGA-II 为目标函数绘制帕累托前沿。随后,针对不同的权重组合求解加权优化问题。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2019 IEEE 18th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC)
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