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The Impact on Mobile Phone use on Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour 使用流动电话对行人过马路行为的影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2101015g
Aleksandar Gavrić, Saša Džigerović, Belmin Avdić, G. Bošnjak, Suzana Miladić-Tešić
Mobile phone use at pedestrian crossings has been recognized as a growing problem in the field of traffic safety. The objective of the paper is to analyze the impact of mobile phone use at pedestrian crossings considering specific territory. Signalized and unsignalized intersections are observed in the study. Several factors having the impact on unsafe pedestrian crossing behaviour are identified such as: age, location and the type of mobile phone using. The model of unsafe pedestrian behaviour based on displayed mobile phone use while crossing the intersection is constructed. It has been shown in this research that talking and texting on mobile phone distract pedestrians. Listening to music does not affect pedestrians to behave unsafely because it requires less cognitive activity than talking or texting. Also, location affects the pedestrian crossing behavior. The results of this research can serve the purpose of preventing the mobile phones use and reduce the negative impact on pedestrian crossing behavior.
在人行横道上使用手机已经成为交通安全领域一个日益严重的问题。本文的目的是分析手机使用的影响在行人交叉路口考虑到特定的领土。研究中观察了有信号和无信号的交叉口。确定了影响不安全过马路行为的几个因素,例如:年龄、地点和使用移动电话的类型。构建了基于显示手机使用情况的行人不安全行为模型。这项研究表明,打电话和发短信会分散行人的注意力。听音乐不会影响行人做出不安全的行为,因为它比说话或发短信需要更少的认知活动。此外,地点也会影响行人过马路的行为。本研究的结果可以起到预防手机使用和减少对行人过马路行为的负面影响的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of a System for the Transport of Goods by Unmanned Aircraft 无人机货物运输系统的建立
Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.7251/JTTTP2101005R
Boris Ribarić, D. Vasiljević, Julijana Vasiljević, Z. Ribarić
Delivery of goods by air using unmanned aerial vehicles is one of the many potential applications of unmanned aerial vehicles. The problem in the operationalization of this type of use of unmanned aircraft is, on the one hand, the limitation in the legal regulations and, on the other hand, the lack of a unified system of control, management and servicing of unmanned aircraft. The paper describes a model of a unique, integrated system of control, management and servicing of unmanned aircraft that can be logistically supported by an extensive network of small airports in the Republic of Serbia. The economic profitability of this way of delivering goods is correlated with the real needs of the market with the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery on the principle of “today for today”.
利用无人驾驶飞行器空运货物是无人驾驶飞行器的众多潜在应用之一。无人驾驶飞机这类用途在实施过程中存在的问题,一方面是法律法规的限制,另一方面是无人驾驶飞机缺乏统一的控制、管理和服务体系。本文描述了一个独特的、集成的无人飞机控制、管理和服务系统的模型,该系统可以由塞尔维亚共和国广泛的小型机场网络提供后勤支持。这种配送方式的经济盈利能力与市场的实际需求相关联,以“今天换今天”的配送效率和有效性为原则。
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引用次数: 0
Training of Drivers for Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods 培训驾驶员安全运输危险品
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002068p
Ljubomir Petrović, D. Jovanovic, Tomislav Vujinović, R. Petrović
The safety of transporting dangerous goods is conditioned by a number of factors, many of which are significantly influenced by drivers. Drivers, as the central component of human resources, are expected to react appropriately at all times during the performance of their professional activity, in order to prevent the occurrence of a traffic accident or reduce its consequences, thus contributing to the safe transport of dangerous goods. He is expected to assess the situation and make a valid decision in accordance with the set tasks. Due to irregularities and omissions in the work when making an independent decision on how to act in certain moments, the driver directly influenced the occurrence of a large number of accidents. In order to minimize the driver’s failures in the transport process, appropriate attention must be paid to their training.
危险货物运输的安全受到许多因素的制约,其中许多因素受驾驶员的影响很大。司机作为人力资源的核心组成部分,在其专业活动的任何时候都应作出适当的反应,以防止交通事故的发生或减少其后果,从而有助于危险货物的安全运输。他需要评估形势,并根据既定的任务做出有效的决定。由于驾驶员在某些时刻自主决定如何行动时工作中的不规范和疏漏,直接影响了大量事故的发生。为了尽量减少司机在运输过程中的失误,必须对他们的培训给予适当的重视。
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引用次数: 0
Traffic Demand Management Tools in Small and Medium-Sized Cities 中小城市交通需求管理工具
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002064g
P. Gladović, Danislav Drašković, Esad Jakupović
The function of the public urban and suburban passenger transport (PUPT) system as a transport activity is to provide transportation services in a certain urban area. By using new solutions in traffic demand management in small and medium-sized cities, which do not have an efficient PUPT system, in combination with paratransit systems, we can significantly increase the combined mobility of the population, reduce the use of passenger cars, reduce the need to build new roads, and take full advantage of the PUPT system. This paper presents the traffic demand management tools by which these effects can be achieved.
城市和郊区公共客运系统作为一种运输活动,其功能是在一定的城市区域内提供运输服务。在没有高效PUPT系统的中小城市,将交通需求管理的新解决方案与辅助交通系统相结合,可以显著提高人口的综合机动性,减少乘用车的使用,减少新建道路的需求,充分发挥PUPT系统的优势。本文提出了实现这些效果的交通需求管理工具。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Aluminum and ITS Alloys in the Automotive Industry With Special Emphasis PN Wheel Rims 铝及ITS合金在汽车工业中的应用,特别是PN轮辋
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102087a
D. Adamović, Tomislav Vujinović, F. Živić, J. Živković, M. Topalovic
The use of aluminum in modern cars began in the early 1970s, when under the pressure of the oil crisis, car manufacturers around the world began to reduce the weight of cars in order to achieve the lowest possible fuel consumption. The first applications of larger volumes were radiators, engine blocks and wheels. Meanwhile, in Europe, the average amount of consumed aluminum has continued to increase, reaching an average of 180 kg per car. Aluminum castings, forgings, sheets and extruded parts are used for a large number of car parts, including car bodies, chassis, suspensions, wheels and many others. The use of aluminum is also important for hybrid and battery electric cars. Due to the threat of global warming due to the greenhouse effect, it is very important to reduce the weight of the car by using aluminum, and thus fuel consumption.This paper explains why, now more than ever, vehicle weight reduction is necessary and how aluminum can be used to further improve the sustainability and safety of future generations of cars. Special attention is given to the use of aluminum for car wheels, which represent almost 15% of the average aluminum content in passenger cars.
铝在现代汽车中的使用始于20世纪70年代初,当时在石油危机的压力下,世界各地的汽车制造商开始减轻汽车的重量,以达到尽可能低的燃料消耗。更大体积的第一个应用是散热器、发动机缸体和车轮。与此同时,在欧洲,铝的平均消费量持续增加,达到平均每辆汽车180公斤。铝铸件,锻件,板材和挤压件用于大量的汽车零部件,包括车身,底盘,悬架,车轮和许多其他。铝的使用对混合动力汽车和电池电动汽车也很重要。由于温室效应导致全球变暖的威胁,通过使用铝来减轻汽车的重量,从而减少燃料消耗是非常重要的。本文解释了为什么现在比以往任何时候都更有必要减轻车辆重量,以及如何使用铝来进一步提高未来几代汽车的可持续性和安全性。特别要注意的是汽车车轮的铝使用,它几乎占乘用车平均铝含量的15%。
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引用次数: 2
Traffic Accident Expertise in Civil Procedure 交通事故民事诉讼专业知识
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102058d
Danislav Drašković, M. Vujanic, Dragan Stanišić, Goran Amidžić
In the process of compensation for the damage suffered by the aggrieved party as a result of a traffic accident, it is often necessary to provide expertise to determine the cause of the accident, the aggrieved party’s contribution to the accident, or increase in the amount of damage. Formally and legally, it is necessary to observe the institute rule of shared responsibility. Shared responsibility is an institute rule that marks the contribution of the aggrieved party to cause damage or to be greater than it would otherwise be. Within the framework of this paper, the model of traffic accident expertise in civil procedure is investigated, primarily from the aspect of the contribution of the inadmissible action of the aggrieved party in the occurrence of the accident or increase of the damage.
在对交通事故受害方所受损害进行赔偿的过程中,往往需要提供专业知识,以确定事故的原因、受害方对事故的贡献,或增加损害金额。在形式上和法律上,都有必要遵守责任共担制度。共同责任是一项学院规则,标志着受害一方对造成损害的贡献或比其他情况下更大的贡献。在本文的框架内,主要从受害方不可接受行为对事故发生或损害加重的贡献这一角度,探讨了交通事故民事诉讼鉴定模式。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of the Safety System in the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro 黑山铁路基础设施安全体系的完善
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002057k
S. Kalač, Jasmin Hodžić, Denis Lukač
Safety is an extremely important feature of railway traffic, and, at the same time, it is one of the most important criteria for the organization and functioning of the railways as a complex, technical-technological and dynamic system. [9] Traffic safety is a basic requirement for the operation of the railway system and is based on coordinated activities at the technical and administrative level. The administrative level includes the determination of the obligations and responsibilities of all stakeholders (Infrastructure Managers, Railway Undertakings, Suppliers, Railway Administration, Authorities), and is based on Railway Safety Directive 2004/49 / EC . The technical level includes the definition of standards for each component of the railway system. Continuous development of the safety system is a precondition for the future development of the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro as a modern and reliable partner in the railway system. The safety system is expected to recognize risks in every work area, that may affect its efficiency in operation, and to eliminate or control them. Hence the need for constant monitoring of the functioning and improvement of the Safety Management System. This Paper presents a classification of the railway system, with all the specifics and infrastructural features. Then, the current state of the safety system in the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro (RIoM) is analyzed. Finally, based on a comprehensive analysis, in order to improve the existing situation, the Paper presents the concept of Risk Management Models that can adversely affect the safety system.
安全是铁路交通的一个极其重要的特征,同时也是铁路作为一个复杂的、技术-技术的动态系统的组织和运行的最重要的标准之一。[9]交通安全是铁路系统运行的一项基本要求,是以技术和行政层面的协调活动为基础的。行政层面包括确定所有利益相关者(基础设施管理者、铁路企业、供应商、铁路管理局、当局)的义务和责任,并以铁路安全指令2004/49 / EC为基础。技术层面包括对铁路系统各组成部分的标准定义。安全系统的不断发展是黑山铁路基础设施作为铁路系统中现代和可靠伙伴的未来发展的先决条件。安全系统应该能够识别每个工作领域中可能影响其运行效率的风险,并加以消除或控制。因此,需要不断监测安全管理系统的运作和改进。本文介绍了铁路系统的分类,包括所有的细节和基础设施特征。然后,分析了黑山铁路基础设施(RIoM)安全系统的现状。最后,在综合分析的基础上,为了改善现状,本文提出了可能对安全系统产生不利影响的风险管理模型的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability of outbound logistics in small businesses in Serbia 塞尔维亚小企业对外物流的可持续性
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002085a
Sinisa M. Arsic, D. Jovanovic, Milos Arsic
A significant percentage of entrepreneurs, micro and small companies in Serbia do not have adequate outbound logistics capacities in order to register significant growth in business. The needs of everyday business and the demand for certain products and services is a reflection of the quality of products, and very often it is not realized in full potential, due to poorly dimensioned aspects of logistics function, or due to insufficient operational capacity of the company itself. The key problems of small companies from Serbia, which are trying to internationalize their products or services, lies in the fact that Serbia (as a country) generally has very poor outbound logistics and transport efficient solutions and capacities. In addition, transport costs and supply chain length have critical impact on the ability of a small company to meet demand outside the local market. The complexity of the problem is affected equally by internal capacities of micro and small companies, but also by weak external support for specialized outbound logistics services (transport, transshipment, etc.). These problems will be analyzed on a sample of small Serbian companies that deal with different fruit cultures processing, and are trying to conquer new markets. The result of the conducted research serves in an attempt of narrowing the problem to specific sectors of the industry, which are affected by inadequate logistics capacities. Future research could contain concrete measures to improve the delivery process and internationalization of goods for companies outside large systems (corporations), by defining concrete proposals to improve outbound logistics management capacities in Serbia.
塞尔维亚有很大比例的企业家、微型和小型公司没有足够的出境物流能力,无法实现业务的显著增长。日常业务的需求和对某些产品和服务的需求是产品质量的反映,而且由于物流功能方面的维度不佳,或者由于公司本身的运营能力不足,往往不能充分发挥其潜力。塞尔维亚的小公司试图将其产品或服务国际化,关键问题在于塞尔维亚(作为一个国家)通常具有非常差的出站物流和运输效率解决方案和能力。此外,运输成本和供应链长度对小公司满足本地市场以外需求的能力有关键影响。问题的复杂性同样受到微型和小型公司内部能力的影响,但也受到专门出站物流服务(运输、转运等)的外部支持薄弱的影响。这些问题将以一些小的塞尔维亚公司为样本进行分析,这些公司处理不同的水果培养加工,并试图征服新的市场。所进行的研究结果有助于将问题缩小到受物流能力不足影响的行业的具体部门。未来的研究可以包含具体措施,通过确定改善塞尔维亚出站物流管理能力的具体建议,改善大型系统(公司)以外公司的货物交付过程和国际化。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing the Efficiency of the Bonus / Malus Determination Process When Contracting Auto Liability Insurance 在签订汽车责任保险时提高奖金/奖金决定过程的效率
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2201012m
Dragan S. Mihić, Tomislav Vujinović
Decrease in the price of the policy in the following text Bonus and increase in the price of the policy in the following text Malus is currently determined by searching the data in spreadsheets, hereinafter referred to as the Book of Incidents. The owner of the book of incidents is the Insurance Agency, which collects data from all active insurance companies. The insurance agency migrates all collected data into one file and distributes it by e-mail or CD to all active insurance companies. The book of incidents is a Microsoft Excel file from which the insurer can search for a vehicle or insured person who may have caused an incident in the past, damage to his vehicle as well as to the vehicle or a third party.
以下文本保险单价格的降低奖金和以下文本保险单价格的增加目前是通过搜索电子表格中的数据来确定的,以下简称事件手册。事故记录簿的所有者是保险代理机构,它从所有活跃的保险公司收集数据。保险代理将所有收集到的数据迁移到一个文件中,并通过电子邮件或CD分发给所有活跃的保险公司。事故记录簿是一个微软Excel文件,保险公司可以从中搜索过去可能造成事故的车辆或被保险人,对其车辆以及车辆或第三方造成损害。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Road Vehicles’ Lifecycle Stages 道路车辆生命周期阶段分析
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102072a
Sinisa M. Arsic, Velibor Peulić, D. Jovanovic, Milos Arsic
The paper deals with the issue of lifecycle stages of motor vehicles. This topic is trending around sustainability issues, given the very unfavorable age structure, increasing import of used cars, which causes an increasing intensity of the number of waste vehicles. This situation creates problems with management of all kinds of waste. Optimal life of a motor vehicle is 10-15 years on average. Individual phases of lifecycle are indicated differently with multiple parameters. All phases are influenced by many factors, but this paper focuses on maturity and decline phases. Key findings suggest that different market, business and environment indicators define the key stages of the lifecycle-maturity and decline stages. Future research will expand the sample on other countries from the Balkans region.
本文研究了汽车生命周期阶段问题。这个话题是围绕可持续性问题的趋势,鉴于非常不利的年龄结构,二手车的进口增加,这导致了废物车辆数量的增加。这种情况给各种废物的管理带来了问题。机动车的最佳寿命平均为10-15年。生命周期的各个阶段用多个参数表示不同。各个阶段都受多种因素的影响,但本文主要研究成熟期和衰退期。主要研究结果表明,不同的市场、商业和环境指标定义了生命周期的关键阶段——成熟期和衰退期。未来的研究将扩大巴尔干地区其他国家的样本。
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引用次数: 0
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JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE
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