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The Impact on Mobile Phone use on Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviour 使用流动电话对行人过马路行为的影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2101015g
Aleksandar Gavrić, Saša Džigerović, Belmin Avdić, G. Bošnjak, Suzana Miladić-Tešić
Mobile phone use at pedestrian crossings has been recognized as a growing problem in the field of traffic safety. The objective of the paper is to analyze the impact of mobile phone use at pedestrian crossings considering specific territory. Signalized and unsignalized intersections are observed in the study. Several factors having the impact on unsafe pedestrian crossing behaviour are identified such as: age, location and the type of mobile phone using. The model of unsafe pedestrian behaviour based on displayed mobile phone use while crossing the intersection is constructed. It has been shown in this research that talking and texting on mobile phone distract pedestrians. Listening to music does not affect pedestrians to behave unsafely because it requires less cognitive activity than talking or texting. Also, location affects the pedestrian crossing behavior. The results of this research can serve the purpose of preventing the mobile phones use and reduce the negative impact on pedestrian crossing behavior.
在人行横道上使用手机已经成为交通安全领域一个日益严重的问题。本文的目的是分析手机使用的影响在行人交叉路口考虑到特定的领土。研究中观察了有信号和无信号的交叉口。确定了影响不安全过马路行为的几个因素,例如:年龄、地点和使用移动电话的类型。构建了基于显示手机使用情况的行人不安全行为模型。这项研究表明,打电话和发短信会分散行人的注意力。听音乐不会影响行人做出不安全的行为,因为它比说话或发短信需要更少的认知活动。此外,地点也会影响行人过马路的行为。本研究的结果可以起到预防手机使用和减少对行人过马路行为的负面影响的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of a System for the Transport of Goods by Unmanned Aircraft 无人机货物运输系统的建立
Pub Date : 2021-10-09 DOI: 10.7251/JTTTP2101005R
Boris Ribarić, D. Vasiljević, Julijana Vasiljević, Z. Ribarić
Delivery of goods by air using unmanned aerial vehicles is one of the many potential applications of unmanned aerial vehicles. The problem in the operationalization of this type of use of unmanned aircraft is, on the one hand, the limitation in the legal regulations and, on the other hand, the lack of a unified system of control, management and servicing of unmanned aircraft. The paper describes a model of a unique, integrated system of control, management and servicing of unmanned aircraft that can be logistically supported by an extensive network of small airports in the Republic of Serbia. The economic profitability of this way of delivering goods is correlated with the real needs of the market with the efficiency and effectiveness of delivery on the principle of “today for today”.
利用无人驾驶飞行器空运货物是无人驾驶飞行器的众多潜在应用之一。无人驾驶飞机这类用途在实施过程中存在的问题,一方面是法律法规的限制,另一方面是无人驾驶飞机缺乏统一的控制、管理和服务体系。本文描述了一个独特的、集成的无人飞机控制、管理和服务系统的模型,该系统可以由塞尔维亚共和国广泛的小型机场网络提供后勤支持。这种配送方式的经济盈利能力与市场的实际需求相关联,以“今天换今天”的配送效率和有效性为原则。
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引用次数: 0
Training of Drivers for Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods 培训驾驶员安全运输危险品
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002068p
Ljubomir Petrović, D. Jovanovic, Tomislav Vujinović, R. Petrović
The safety of transporting dangerous goods is conditioned by a number of factors, many of which are significantly influenced by drivers. Drivers, as the central component of human resources, are expected to react appropriately at all times during the performance of their professional activity, in order to prevent the occurrence of a traffic accident or reduce its consequences, thus contributing to the safe transport of dangerous goods. He is expected to assess the situation and make a valid decision in accordance with the set tasks. Due to irregularities and omissions in the work when making an independent decision on how to act in certain moments, the driver directly influenced the occurrence of a large number of accidents. In order to minimize the driver’s failures in the transport process, appropriate attention must be paid to their training.
危险货物运输的安全受到许多因素的制约,其中许多因素受驾驶员的影响很大。司机作为人力资源的核心组成部分,在其专业活动的任何时候都应作出适当的反应,以防止交通事故的发生或减少其后果,从而有助于危险货物的安全运输。他需要评估形势,并根据既定的任务做出有效的决定。由于驾驶员在某些时刻自主决定如何行动时工作中的不规范和疏漏,直接影响了大量事故的发生。为了尽量减少司机在运输过程中的失误,必须对他们的培训给予适当的重视。
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引用次数: 0
Traffic Demand Management Tools in Small and Medium-Sized Cities 中小城市交通需求管理工具
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002064g
P. Gladović, Danislav Drašković, Esad Jakupović
The function of the public urban and suburban passenger transport (PUPT) system as a transport activity is to provide transportation services in a certain urban area. By using new solutions in traffic demand management in small and medium-sized cities, which do not have an efficient PUPT system, in combination with paratransit systems, we can significantly increase the combined mobility of the population, reduce the use of passenger cars, reduce the need to build new roads, and take full advantage of the PUPT system. This paper presents the traffic demand management tools by which these effects can be achieved.
城市和郊区公共客运系统作为一种运输活动,其功能是在一定的城市区域内提供运输服务。在没有高效PUPT系统的中小城市,将交通需求管理的新解决方案与辅助交通系统相结合,可以显著提高人口的综合机动性,减少乘用车的使用,减少新建道路的需求,充分发挥PUPT系统的优势。本文提出了实现这些效果的交通需求管理工具。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Aluminum and ITS Alloys in the Automotive Industry With Special Emphasis PN Wheel Rims 铝及ITS合金在汽车工业中的应用,特别是PN轮辋
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102087a
D. Adamović, Tomislav Vujinović, F. Živić, J. Živković, M. Topalovic
The use of aluminum in modern cars began in the early 1970s, when under the pressure of the oil crisis, car manufacturers around the world began to reduce the weight of cars in order to achieve the lowest possible fuel consumption. The first applications of larger volumes were radiators, engine blocks and wheels. Meanwhile, in Europe, the average amount of consumed aluminum has continued to increase, reaching an average of 180 kg per car. Aluminum castings, forgings, sheets and extruded parts are used for a large number of car parts, including car bodies, chassis, suspensions, wheels and many others. The use of aluminum is also important for hybrid and battery electric cars. Due to the threat of global warming due to the greenhouse effect, it is very important to reduce the weight of the car by using aluminum, and thus fuel consumption.This paper explains why, now more than ever, vehicle weight reduction is necessary and how aluminum can be used to further improve the sustainability and safety of future generations of cars. Special attention is given to the use of aluminum for car wheels, which represent almost 15% of the average aluminum content in passenger cars.
铝在现代汽车中的使用始于20世纪70年代初,当时在石油危机的压力下,世界各地的汽车制造商开始减轻汽车的重量,以达到尽可能低的燃料消耗。更大体积的第一个应用是散热器、发动机缸体和车轮。与此同时,在欧洲,铝的平均消费量持续增加,达到平均每辆汽车180公斤。铝铸件,锻件,板材和挤压件用于大量的汽车零部件,包括车身,底盘,悬架,车轮和许多其他。铝的使用对混合动力汽车和电池电动汽车也很重要。由于温室效应导致全球变暖的威胁,通过使用铝来减轻汽车的重量,从而减少燃料消耗是非常重要的。本文解释了为什么现在比以往任何时候都更有必要减轻车辆重量,以及如何使用铝来进一步提高未来几代汽车的可持续性和安全性。特别要注意的是汽车车轮的铝使用,它几乎占乘用车平均铝含量的15%。
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引用次数: 2
Traffic Accident Expertise in Civil Procedure 交通事故民事诉讼专业知识
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102058d
Danislav Drašković, M. Vujanic, Dragan Stanišić, Goran Amidžić
In the process of compensation for the damage suffered by the aggrieved party as a result of a traffic accident, it is often necessary to provide expertise to determine the cause of the accident, the aggrieved party’s contribution to the accident, or increase in the amount of damage. Formally and legally, it is necessary to observe the institute rule of shared responsibility. Shared responsibility is an institute rule that marks the contribution of the aggrieved party to cause damage or to be greater than it would otherwise be. Within the framework of this paper, the model of traffic accident expertise in civil procedure is investigated, primarily from the aspect of the contribution of the inadmissible action of the aggrieved party in the occurrence of the accident or increase of the damage.
在对交通事故受害方所受损害进行赔偿的过程中,往往需要提供专业知识,以确定事故的原因、受害方对事故的贡献,或增加损害金额。在形式上和法律上,都有必要遵守责任共担制度。共同责任是一项学院规则,标志着受害一方对造成损害的贡献或比其他情况下更大的贡献。在本文的框架内,主要从受害方不可接受行为对事故发生或损害加重的贡献这一角度,探讨了交通事故民事诉讼鉴定模式。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Road Vehicles’ Lifecycle Stages 道路车辆生命周期阶段分析
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102072a
Sinisa M. Arsic, Velibor Peulić, D. Jovanovic, Milos Arsic
The paper deals with the issue of lifecycle stages of motor vehicles. This topic is trending around sustainability issues, given the very unfavorable age structure, increasing import of used cars, which causes an increasing intensity of the number of waste vehicles. This situation creates problems with management of all kinds of waste. Optimal life of a motor vehicle is 10-15 years on average. Individual phases of lifecycle are indicated differently with multiple parameters. All phases are influenced by many factors, but this paper focuses on maturity and decline phases. Key findings suggest that different market, business and environment indicators define the key stages of the lifecycle-maturity and decline stages. Future research will expand the sample on other countries from the Balkans region.
本文研究了汽车生命周期阶段问题。这个话题是围绕可持续性问题的趋势,鉴于非常不利的年龄结构,二手车的进口增加,这导致了废物车辆数量的增加。这种情况给各种废物的管理带来了问题。机动车的最佳寿命平均为10-15年。生命周期的各个阶段用多个参数表示不同。各个阶段都受多种因素的影响,但本文主要研究成熟期和衰退期。主要研究结果表明,不同的市场、商业和环境指标定义了生命周期的关键阶段——成熟期和衰退期。未来的研究将扩大巴尔干地区其他国家的样本。
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引用次数: 0
Sustainability of outbound logistics in small businesses in Serbia 塞尔维亚小企业对外物流的可持续性
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002085a
Sinisa M. Arsic, D. Jovanovic, Milos Arsic
A significant percentage of entrepreneurs, micro and small companies in Serbia do not have adequate outbound logistics capacities in order to register significant growth in business. The needs of everyday business and the demand for certain products and services is a reflection of the quality of products, and very often it is not realized in full potential, due to poorly dimensioned aspects of logistics function, or due to insufficient operational capacity of the company itself. The key problems of small companies from Serbia, which are trying to internationalize their products or services, lies in the fact that Serbia (as a country) generally has very poor outbound logistics and transport efficient solutions and capacities. In addition, transport costs and supply chain length have critical impact on the ability of a small company to meet demand outside the local market. The complexity of the problem is affected equally by internal capacities of micro and small companies, but also by weak external support for specialized outbound logistics services (transport, transshipment, etc.). These problems will be analyzed on a sample of small Serbian companies that deal with different fruit cultures processing, and are trying to conquer new markets. The result of the conducted research serves in an attempt of narrowing the problem to specific sectors of the industry, which are affected by inadequate logistics capacities. Future research could contain concrete measures to improve the delivery process and internationalization of goods for companies outside large systems (corporations), by defining concrete proposals to improve outbound logistics management capacities in Serbia.
塞尔维亚有很大比例的企业家、微型和小型公司没有足够的出境物流能力,无法实现业务的显著增长。日常业务的需求和对某些产品和服务的需求是产品质量的反映,而且由于物流功能方面的维度不佳,或者由于公司本身的运营能力不足,往往不能充分发挥其潜力。塞尔维亚的小公司试图将其产品或服务国际化,关键问题在于塞尔维亚(作为一个国家)通常具有非常差的出站物流和运输效率解决方案和能力。此外,运输成本和供应链长度对小公司满足本地市场以外需求的能力有关键影响。问题的复杂性同样受到微型和小型公司内部能力的影响,但也受到专门出站物流服务(运输、转运等)的外部支持薄弱的影响。这些问题将以一些小的塞尔维亚公司为样本进行分析,这些公司处理不同的水果培养加工,并试图征服新的市场。所进行的研究结果有助于将问题缩小到受物流能力不足影响的行业的具体部门。未来的研究可以包含具体措施,通过确定改善塞尔维亚出站物流管理能力的具体建议,改善大型系统(公司)以外公司的货物交付过程和国际化。
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引用次数: 0
TTW (Tank to Wheel) and WTW (Well to Wheel) Analysis Using Electric Buses on the Line Eko 1 in Belgrade 贝尔格莱德Eko 1号线电动公交车从油箱到车轮和从井到车轮的分析
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102049m
S. Mišanović
The bus subsystem is the holder of the public transport function in many cities with a dominant representation of diesel-powered buses. In the last few years, electric buses (E-bus) have been increasingly used in many cities around the world (China, Europe, South America), making them the main alternative to conventional buses (diesel, CNG). The main advantages of using electric buses compared to conventional buses are higher energy efficiency, zero pollution emitted at the local level, more favorable carbon dioxide emissions observed at the regional or national level depending on the method of obtaining electricity, lower noise level. Since 2016, five electric buses have been operating in Belgrade on the EKO 1 line (Vukov spmenik-Belvil). The paper will present the environmental benefits of the use of electric buses observed through TTW (Tank to Wheel) and WTW (Well to Wheel) analysis, compared to diesel and CNG buses.
公交子系统是许多城市公共交通功能的持有者,柴油动力公交车占主导地位。在过去的几年里,电动公交车(E-bus)在世界各地的许多城市(中国、欧洲、南美)得到了越来越多的使用,使它们成为传统公交车(柴油、CNG)的主要替代品。与传统公交车相比,使用电动公交车的主要优点是能源效率更高,在地方一级排放零污染,根据获得电力的方法,在区域或国家一级观察到更有利的二氧化碳排放,噪音水平更低。自2016年以来,五辆电动公交车在贝尔格莱德的EKO 1号线(Vukov spmenik-Belvil)上运行。本文将通过TTW(油箱到车轮)和WTW(油井到车轮)分析,与柴油和CNG公交车相比,展示使用电动公交车的环境效益。
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引用次数: 0
Application of New Materials Technology With the Aim of Satisfying the Regulations 以满足规定为目标的新材料技术的应用
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002090v
Tomislav Vujinović, M. Milovanovic, Danislav Drašković, Dragan S. Mihić
The reconstruction of the passenger car body is approached for several reasons: development of a new model, installation of a new unit, compliance with new regulations, weight reduction, introduction of new materials and technologies, etc. It can be realized through: constructive changes, introduction of new materials or combined. The paper analyses the effects of implemented changes in order to meet regulations as well as the need to change existing technologies on the example of a car body. The introduction of new materials can significantly improve the existing structure with minimal changes.
乘用车车身的改造有几个原因:开发新车型,安装新单元,符合新法规,减轻重量,引入新材料和新技术等。它可以通过:建设性的改变,引入新材料或组合来实现。本文以某汽车车身为例,分析了为满足法规要求而实施的改变以及对现有技术的改变所产生的影响。新材料的引入可以以最小的变化显著改善现有结构。
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引用次数: 0
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JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE
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