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Increasing the Efficiency of the Bonus / Malus Determination Process When Contracting Auto Liability Insurance 在签订汽车责任保险时提高奖金/奖金决定过程的效率
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2201012m
Dragan S. Mihić, Tomislav Vujinović
Decrease in the price of the policy in the following text Bonus and increase in the price of the policy in the following text Malus is currently determined by searching the data in spreadsheets, hereinafter referred to as the Book of Incidents. The owner of the book of incidents is the Insurance Agency, which collects data from all active insurance companies. The insurance agency migrates all collected data into one file and distributes it by e-mail or CD to all active insurance companies. The book of incidents is a Microsoft Excel file from which the insurer can search for a vehicle or insured person who may have caused an incident in the past, damage to his vehicle as well as to the vehicle or a third party.
以下文本保险单价格的降低奖金和以下文本保险单价格的增加目前是通过搜索电子表格中的数据来确定的,以下简称事件手册。事故记录簿的所有者是保险代理机构,它从所有活跃的保险公司收集数据。保险代理将所有收集到的数据迁移到一个文件中,并通过电子邮件或CD分发给所有活跃的保险公司。事故记录簿是一个微软Excel文件,保险公司可以从中搜索过去可能造成事故的车辆或被保险人,对其车辆以及车辆或第三方造成损害。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of the Safety System in the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro 黑山铁路基础设施安全体系的完善
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002057k
S. Kalač, Jasmin Hodžić, Denis Lukač
Safety is an extremely important feature of railway traffic, and, at the same time, it is one of the most important criteria for the organization and functioning of the railways as a complex, technical-technological and dynamic system. [9] Traffic safety is a basic requirement for the operation of the railway system and is based on coordinated activities at the technical and administrative level. The administrative level includes the determination of the obligations and responsibilities of all stakeholders (Infrastructure Managers, Railway Undertakings, Suppliers, Railway Administration, Authorities), and is based on Railway Safety Directive 2004/49 / EC . The technical level includes the definition of standards for each component of the railway system. Continuous development of the safety system is a precondition for the future development of the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro as a modern and reliable partner in the railway system. The safety system is expected to recognize risks in every work area, that may affect its efficiency in operation, and to eliminate or control them. Hence the need for constant monitoring of the functioning and improvement of the Safety Management System. This Paper presents a classification of the railway system, with all the specifics and infrastructural features. Then, the current state of the safety system in the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro (RIoM) is analyzed. Finally, based on a comprehensive analysis, in order to improve the existing situation, the Paper presents the concept of Risk Management Models that can adversely affect the safety system.
安全是铁路交通的一个极其重要的特征,同时也是铁路作为一个复杂的、技术-技术的动态系统的组织和运行的最重要的标准之一。[9]交通安全是铁路系统运行的一项基本要求,是以技术和行政层面的协调活动为基础的。行政层面包括确定所有利益相关者(基础设施管理者、铁路企业、供应商、铁路管理局、当局)的义务和责任,并以铁路安全指令2004/49 / EC为基础。技术层面包括对铁路系统各组成部分的标准定义。安全系统的不断发展是黑山铁路基础设施作为铁路系统中现代和可靠伙伴的未来发展的先决条件。安全系统应该能够识别每个工作领域中可能影响其运行效率的风险,并加以消除或控制。因此,需要不断监测安全管理系统的运作和改进。本文介绍了铁路系统的分类,包括所有的细节和基础设施特征。然后,分析了黑山铁路基础设施(RIoM)安全系统的现状。最后,在综合分析的基础上,为了改善现状,本文提出了可能对安全系统产生不利影响的风险管理模型的概念。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Geometric Elements of Roundabouts on Speed at the Approach 环形交叉路口几何要素对进近速度的影响
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2201005d
Slavko Davidović, Spasoje Mićić, Srećko Stanković
Research conducted in recent decades has shown that there are significant variations in speed at roundabouts depending on the geometric elements. Due to the characteristics of roundabouts and the way vehicles move, there is a reduction in speed, not only in the roundabout zone, but also at the approaches to the roundabout. This paper analyzes the influence of different types of roundabouts as one of the elements of the street system, on speed as one of the basic parameters of traffic flow that defines the functionality and quality of traffic conditions. The research of speeds was done on the approaches to the roundabout, as one of the characteristic segments of the roundabout.
近几十年来进行的研究表明,环形交叉路口的速度根据几何元素的不同而有很大的变化。由于环形交叉路口的特点和车辆行驶的方式,不仅在环形交叉路口区域,而且在环形交叉路口的入口都有减速。本文分析了作为街道系统要素之一的不同类型的环形交叉路口对交通流基本参数之一的速度的影响,速度决定了交通条件的功能和质量。作为环形交叉交叉口的特征路段之一,对环形交叉交叉口进路速度进行了研究。
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引用次数: 0
Models of Management of Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro 黑山铁路基础设施管理模式
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002076k
S. Kalač, D. Jovanovic
In time of rapid economic and technological change and turmoil, no one can manage business successfully, just because they think they are ‘smart’. In order to successfully manage organizations in the era of dramatic change, in this case ŽICG (Railway infrastructure of Montenegro), it is no longer sufficient to master the classical management process, but also to master the overall quality of management process. In order to achieve the best possible business results in the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro, the theoretical and practical knowledge on which the management process is based, starting from planning (goal setting, determining ways to achieve goals, allocating required resources), organizing (a division of labor, delegation of authority, coordination), leadership (supervision, motivation, remuneration and punishment, training), conflict resolution) and lastely control (choice of control parameters, monitoring of results, comparison of planned and realized, taking corrective actions). In order to improve the current situation, the models of management of railway infrastructure are considered, for which as a manager builds and invests in railway infrastructure, takes care of its modernization, current maintenance, provides access and allocates infrastructure capacities and organizes and regulates railway traffic. In the processing of the management model, the work relies on the Strategy for the Development of Transport of Montenegro in the period 2019-2035, which establishes the situation in the areas of transport, defines the infrastructure, organizational and operational goals of the development of the transport system, which are realized through time and long-term implementation plans.
在经济和技术快速变革和动荡的时代,没有人能仅仅因为他们认为自己“聪明”就成功地管理企业。为了在急剧变化的时代成功地管理组织,在本案例ŽICG(黑山铁路基础设施)中,仅仅掌握经典的管理流程已经不够了,还需要掌握管理流程的整体质量。为了在黑山铁路基础设施中实现最佳的业务结果,管理过程所依据的理论和实践知识,从计划(目标设定,确定实现目标的方法,分配所需资源),组织(分工,授权,协调),领导(监督,激励,薪酬和惩罚,培训),冲突解决)和最后的控制(控制参数的选择,结果的监控,计划和实现的比较,采取纠正措施)。为了改善现状,考虑铁路基础设施的管理模式,作为管理者建设和投资铁路基础设施,照顾其现代化,当前维护,提供通道和分配基础设施容量,组织和调节铁路交通。在管理模式的制定过程中,工作依托于《2019-2035年黑山交通发展战略》,该战略确立了交通领域的形势,确定了交通系统发展的基础设施、组织和运营目标,并通过时间和长期实施计划来实现这些目标。
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引用次数: 0
New Phase of Motor Vehicle Development 机动车发展的新阶段
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2201026t
Drago Talijan, Borislav Bajić
Development of motor vehicles has gone through several technological phases and today we are definitely in a new era that is primarily related to steering autonomy and vehicle propulsion systems. Although electric vehicles have become an absolute priority in some countries, their global expansion is happening and it is to be expected that they will become a near future in these regions as well. Today, special attention is drawn to advances in the development of autonomous driving systems, which will cause many changes in design, regulations and the environment. For the coming wave of change, we need to be adequately prepared and take part in global processes. In addition, it should be noted that the futuristic versions of vehicles capable of moving in multiple environments, on land, on or in water and in the air, are being widely promoted, and the EU is introducing mandatory application of some active and passive safety systems.
机动车辆的发展经历了几个技术阶段,今天我们肯定处于一个主要与转向自主和车辆推进系统相关的新时代。虽然电动汽车在一些国家已经成为绝对的优先事项,但它们的全球扩张正在发生,可以预期的是,它们也将成为这些地区不久的将来。今天,人们特别关注自动驾驶系统的发展,这将导致设计、法规和环境的许多变化。面对即将到来的变革浪潮,我们需要做好充分准备,参与全球进程。此外,值得注意的是,能够在陆地、水上和空中等多种环境中移动的未来版车辆正在被广泛推广,欧盟正在引入一些主动和被动安全系统的强制应用。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced Airspace Management Process 先进空域管理程序
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2002095r
Boris Ribarić, D. Vasiljević, J. Vasiljevic, Z. Ribarić
In order to increase efficiency and reduce delays, an improved airspace management process must be implemented leading to optimal route planning, better utilization of available airspace and increased performance targets in service delivery - through the establishment functional blocks of airspace (FABs). The Single European Sky (SES) project supports the establishment of the FAB through greater optimization and better performance, strengthening the ATM network through the introduction of the main objectives of the regulatory package, redesigning the European airspace in order to establish new air traffic flows; creating an increase in additional capacity, all with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the ATM system.
为了提高效率和减少延误,必须实施改进的空域管理流程,从而通过建立空域功能块(FABs)实现最佳路线规划、更好地利用可用空域并提高服务交付的性能目标。单一欧洲天空(SES)项目通过更大的优化和更好的性能来支持FAB的建立,通过引入监管一揽子计划的主要目标来加强ATM网络,重新设计欧洲空域以建立新的空中交通流量;增加额外的容量,所有这些都是为了提高ATM系统的效率。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Freight Vehicle Load on the Condition of Roads in Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那货运车辆负荷对道路状况的影响
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2201033i
Zoran Injac, Danislav Drašković, Goran Amidžić
The number of registered commercial freight vehicles in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been increasing over the years, which affects the traffic load and the condition of roads, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vehicle overloading is considered to be one of the biggest causes of damage to part of the road surface, especially with regard to the load-bearing road substructure. The focus of the research is the vehicle overloading on the roads of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special emphasis on determining the type and degree of overloaded vehicles and determining the equivalence factor (EF). In the research phase, data from weighing control stations were used, taking into account the total weight of vehicles, the distribution of total weight on vehicle axles and the equivalent standard axle load for a particular vehicle type over a period of two years. A high degree of overloading was found, especially 5-axle vehicles (58.7%). The level of overloading in the range of 10-20% in relation to the maximum allowed weight is especially apparent. The calculated EF is 3.64 and is higher than the standard EF.
多年来,波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那境内登记的商业货运车辆的数量一直在增加,这影响到交通负荷和道路状况,特别是在波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那。车辆超载被认为是造成部分路面损坏的最大原因之一,特别是对于承重的道路下部结构。研究的重点是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那道路上的车辆超载,特别强调确定超载车辆的类型和程度以及确定等效系数(EF)。在研究阶段,使用称重控制站的数据,考虑到车辆的总重量,车辆轴上的总重量分布以及两年期间特定车辆类型的等效标准轴重。超载程度较高,特别是5轴车辆(58.7%)。与最大允许重量相关的10-20%的超载水平尤其明显。计算得到的EF值为3.64,高于标准EF值。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible Transportation of Passengers and Combined Mobility 乘客灵活运输与联合出行
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2201039g
P. Gladović, Danislav Drašković, Boris Mikanović
The paper describes the importance and the role of the subsystem of flexible transportation of passengers (paratransit) in the system of a public city transportation of passengers (PCTP). It is a system with several forms and can be defined by several parameters, but in large number of cities in the world it gains more importance in the PCTP system. This paper describes this system with its characteristics, i.e. its positive characteristics that lead to increased combined mobility of population in cities in the PCTP system, i.e. to decreased use of passenger cars.
本文阐述了灵活客运子系统在城市公共客运系统中的重要性和作用。它是一个有多种形式的系统,可以通过多个参数来定义,但在世界上大量的城市中,它在PCTP系统中越来越重要。本文描述了该系统的特点,即其积极的特点,即在PCTP系统中增加城市人口的综合流动性,即减少乘用车的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Key Impacts on Environmental Improvements in Case of Road Transport Companies 以道路运输公司为例,对环境改善的关键影响
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102075a
Sinisa M. Arsic, Velibor Peulić, D. Jovanovic, Milos Arsic
This research includes the analysis of key impacts on environmental improvements, which are engaged in road transport of cargo or passengers. The basic assumption of this paper is that the level of fulfilment of environmental standards (measured by decreasing emissions of harmful gasses) is largely conditioned by the external influences, such as business strategy, performance or logistics management activities. The main goal of this paper is to theoretically identify key impact in the case of transport companies when it comes to potential for improvements of environmental indicators. Improvements for the living environment can be caused by fleet renewal, tighter vehicle lifecycle management and via different government regulations. Key findings suggest that the fact whether a road transport company does business internationally. Future research involves extending this sample of road transport companies to all Balkan countries, who are members of the EU or are candidate countries. Additionally, future research should be including additional environmental indicators that are not conventionally measured during vehicle inspections.
本研究包括分析对环境改善的关键影响,这是从事公路运输的货物或旅客。本文的基本假设是,环境标准的实现水平(通过减少有害气体的排放来衡量)在很大程度上取决于外部影响,如商业战略、绩效或物流管理活动。本文的主要目标是从理论上确定运输公司在改善环境指标方面的关键影响。生活环境的改善可以通过车队更新、更严格的车辆生命周期管理和不同的政府法规来实现。主要研究结果表明,道路运输公司是否开展国际业务的事实。未来的研究涉及将这一道路运输公司样本扩展到所有巴尔干国家,这些国家是欧盟成员国或候选国。此外,未来的研究应包括额外的环境指标,这些指标在车辆检查期间通常不会测量。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of the Age of the Vehicle Fleet on Traffic Safety - Vehicle as the Third Pillar of Traffic Safety 车辆年龄对交通安全的影响-车辆是交通安全的第三支柱
Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.7251/jtttp2102065d
Nemanja N. Deretić, D. Stanimirović
Traffic accidents are, today, accepted as a global problem and activities are being undertaken to adapt and transfer successful practices from the most developed countries to underdeveloped and developing countries. The impact of a road transport system is so significant that its safety or lack of safety affects a wide range of social needs. Road safety or mobility without risk of death or injury affects health, poverty, equality, the environment, employment, education, gender equality and the sustainability of communities. Many nations around the world have improved the effect of pillar interventions by applying them selectively and strategically in accordance with the principles of the safe system approach. The safe system approach addresses problems closer to their root cause and on a broader level than conventional methods. The five pillars of road safety identified in the Global Plan for the Decade of Action 2011-2020 include a set of evidence-based interventions that can measurably improve road safety. Preparation and adoption of strategic documents - a traffic safety system development policy and strategy is a great way to demonstrate traffic safety management. The most important common denominator for all successful traffic safety practices is science-based strategic traffic safety management, which has clear, honest and publicly expressed political support. The paper presents the analysis of the third pillar „safer vehicles“ and its influence on the approach of the safe system from different aspects.
今天,交通事故已被认为是一个全球性问题,目前正在开展活动,以适应最发达国家的成功做法,并将其转让给不发达国家和发展中国家。道路运输系统的影响是如此巨大,以至于它的安全或不安全影响到广泛的社会需求。没有死亡或受伤风险的道路安全或流动影响到健康、贫穷、平等、环境、就业、教育、性别平等和社区的可持续性。世界上许多国家根据安全系统方法的原则,有选择地和战略性地应用支柱干预措施,从而提高了支柱干预措施的效果。与传统方法相比,安全系统方法更接近其根本原因,在更广泛的层面上解决问题。《2011-2020年行动十年全球计划》确定的道路安全五大支柱包括一套可显著改善道路安全的循证干预措施。制订及采用策略性文件-交通安全系统发展政策及策略是展示交通安全管理的好方法。所有成功的交通安全实践最重要的共同点是基于科学的战略交通安全管理,它得到了明确、诚实和公开表达的政治支持。本文从不同角度分析了第三个支柱“更安全的车辆”及其对安全系统方法的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE
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