Tomislav Vujinović, M. Milovanovic, Danislav Drašković, Dragan S. Mihić
The reconstruction of the passenger car body is approached for several reasons: development of a new model, installation of a new unit, compliance with new regulations, weight reduction, introduction of new materials and technologies, etc. It can be realized through: constructive changes, introduction of new materials or combined. The paper analyses the effects of implemented changes in order to meet regulations as well as the need to change existing technologies on the example of a car body. The introduction of new materials can significantly improve the existing structure with minimal changes.
{"title":"Application of New Materials Technology With the Aim of Satisfying the Regulations","authors":"Tomislav Vujinović, M. Milovanovic, Danislav Drašković, Dragan S. Mihić","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2002090v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2002090v","url":null,"abstract":"The reconstruction of the passenger car body is approached for several reasons: development of a new model, installation of a new unit, compliance with new regulations, weight reduction, introduction of new materials and technologies, etc. It can be realized through: constructive changes, introduction of new materials or combined. The paper analyses the effects of implemented changes in order to meet regulations as well as the need to change existing technologies on the example of a car body. The introduction of new materials can significantly improve the existing structure with minimal changes.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125658151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bus subsystem is the holder of the public transport function in many cities with a dominant representation of diesel-powered buses. In the last few years, electric buses (E-bus) have been increasingly used in many cities around the world (China, Europe, South America), making them the main alternative to conventional buses (diesel, CNG). The main advantages of using electric buses compared to conventional buses are higher energy efficiency, zero pollution emitted at the local level, more favorable carbon dioxide emissions observed at the regional or national level depending on the method of obtaining electricity, lower noise level. Since 2016, five electric buses have been operating in Belgrade on the EKO 1 line (Vukov spmenik-Belvil). The paper will present the environmental benefits of the use of electric buses observed through TTW (Tank to Wheel) and WTW (Well to Wheel) analysis, compared to diesel and CNG buses.
{"title":"TTW (Tank to Wheel) and WTW (Well to Wheel) Analysis Using Electric Buses on the Line Eko 1 in Belgrade","authors":"S. Mišanović","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2102049m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2102049m","url":null,"abstract":"The bus subsystem is the holder of the public transport function in many cities with a dominant representation of diesel-powered buses. In the last few years, electric buses (E-bus) have been increasingly used in many cities around the world (China, Europe, South America), making them the main alternative to conventional buses (diesel, CNG). The main advantages of using electric buses compared to conventional buses are higher energy efficiency, zero pollution emitted at the local level, more favorable carbon dioxide emissions observed at the regional or national level depending on the method of obtaining electricity, lower noise level. Since 2016, five electric buses have been operating in Belgrade on the EKO 1 line (Vukov spmenik-Belvil). The paper will present the environmental benefits of the use of electric buses observed through TTW (Tank to Wheel) and WTW (Well to Wheel) analysis, compared to diesel and CNG buses.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"71 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126108151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research conducted in recent decades has shown that there are significant variations in speed at roundabouts depending on the geometric elements. Due to the characteristics of roundabouts and the way vehicles move, there is a reduction in speed, not only in the roundabout zone, but also at the approaches to the roundabout. This paper analyzes the influence of different types of roundabouts as one of the elements of the street system, on speed as one of the basic parameters of traffic flow that defines the functionality and quality of traffic conditions. The research of speeds was done on the approaches to the roundabout, as one of the characteristic segments of the roundabout.
{"title":"Influence of Geometric Elements of Roundabouts on Speed at the Approach","authors":"Slavko Davidović, Spasoje Mićić, Srećko Stanković","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2201005d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2201005d","url":null,"abstract":"Research conducted in recent decades has shown that there are significant variations in speed at roundabouts depending on the geometric elements. Due to the characteristics of roundabouts and the way vehicles move, there is a reduction in speed, not only in the roundabout zone, but also at the approaches to the roundabout. This paper analyzes the influence of different types of roundabouts as one of the elements of the street system, on speed as one of the basic parameters of traffic flow that defines the functionality and quality of traffic conditions. The research of speeds was done on the approaches to the roundabout, as one of the characteristic segments of the roundabout.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128464071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In time of rapid economic and technological change and turmoil, no one can manage business successfully, just because they think they are ‘smart’. In order to successfully manage organizations in the era of dramatic change, in this case ŽICG (Railway infrastructure of Montenegro), it is no longer sufficient to master the classical management process, but also to master the overall quality of management process. In order to achieve the best possible business results in the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro, the theoretical and practical knowledge on which the management process is based, starting from planning (goal setting, determining ways to achieve goals, allocating required resources), organizing (a division of labor, delegation of authority, coordination), leadership (supervision, motivation, remuneration and punishment, training), conflict resolution) and lastely control (choice of control parameters, monitoring of results, comparison of planned and realized, taking corrective actions). In order to improve the current situation, the models of management of railway infrastructure are considered, for which as a manager builds and invests in railway infrastructure, takes care of its modernization, current maintenance, provides access and allocates infrastructure capacities and organizes and regulates railway traffic. In the processing of the management model, the work relies on the Strategy for the Development of Transport of Montenegro in the period 2019-2035, which establishes the situation in the areas of transport, defines the infrastructure, organizational and operational goals of the development of the transport system, which are realized through time and long-term implementation plans.
{"title":"Models of Management of Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro","authors":"S. Kalač, D. Jovanovic","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2002076k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2002076k","url":null,"abstract":"In time of rapid economic and technological change and turmoil, no one can manage business successfully, just because they think they are ‘smart’. In order to successfully manage organizations in the era of dramatic change, in this case ŽICG (Railway infrastructure of Montenegro), it is no longer sufficient to master the classical management process, but also to master the overall quality of management process. In order to achieve the best possible business results in the Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro, the theoretical and practical knowledge on which the management process is based, starting from planning (goal setting, determining ways to achieve goals, allocating required resources), organizing (a division of labor, delegation of authority, coordination), leadership (supervision, motivation, remuneration and punishment, training), conflict resolution) and lastely control (choice of control parameters, monitoring of results, comparison of planned and realized, taking corrective actions). In order to improve the current situation, the models of management of railway infrastructure are considered, for which as a manager builds and invests in railway infrastructure, takes care of its modernization, current maintenance, provides access and allocates infrastructure capacities and organizes and regulates railway traffic. In the processing of the management model, the work relies on the Strategy for the Development of Transport of Montenegro in the period 2019-2035, which establishes the situation in the areas of transport, defines the infrastructure, organizational and operational goals of the development of the transport system, which are realized through time and long-term implementation plans.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125409391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of motor vehicles has gone through several technological phases and today we are definitely in a new era that is primarily related to steering autonomy and vehicle propulsion systems. Although electric vehicles have become an absolute priority in some countries, their global expansion is happening and it is to be expected that they will become a near future in these regions as well. Today, special attention is drawn to advances in the development of autonomous driving systems, which will cause many changes in design, regulations and the environment. For the coming wave of change, we need to be adequately prepared and take part in global processes. In addition, it should be noted that the futuristic versions of vehicles capable of moving in multiple environments, on land, on or in water and in the air, are being widely promoted, and the EU is introducing mandatory application of some active and passive safety systems.
{"title":"New Phase of Motor Vehicle Development","authors":"Drago Talijan, Borislav Bajić","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2201026t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2201026t","url":null,"abstract":"Development of motor vehicles has gone through several technological phases and today we are definitely in a new era that is primarily related to steering autonomy and vehicle propulsion systems. Although electric vehicles have become an absolute priority in some countries, their global expansion is happening and it is to be expected that they will become a near future in these regions as well. Today, special attention is drawn to advances in the development of autonomous driving systems, which will cause many changes in design, regulations and the environment. For the coming wave of change, we need to be adequately prepared and take part in global processes. In addition, it should be noted that the futuristic versions of vehicles capable of moving in multiple environments, on land, on or in water and in the air, are being widely promoted, and the EU is introducing mandatory application of some active and passive safety systems.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124945418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boris Ribarić, D. Vasiljević, J. Vasiljevic, Z. Ribarić
In order to increase efficiency and reduce delays, an improved airspace management process must be implemented leading to optimal route planning, better utilization of available airspace and increased performance targets in service delivery - through the establishment functional blocks of airspace (FABs). The Single European Sky (SES) project supports the establishment of the FAB through greater optimization and better performance, strengthening the ATM network through the introduction of the main objectives of the regulatory package, redesigning the European airspace in order to establish new air traffic flows; creating an increase in additional capacity, all with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the ATM system.
{"title":"Advanced Airspace Management Process","authors":"Boris Ribarić, D. Vasiljević, J. Vasiljevic, Z. Ribarić","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2002095r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2002095r","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase efficiency and reduce delays, an improved airspace management process must be implemented leading to optimal route planning, better utilization of available airspace and increased performance targets in service delivery - through the establishment functional blocks of airspace (FABs). The Single European Sky (SES) project supports the establishment of the FAB through greater optimization and better performance, strengthening the ATM network through the introduction of the main objectives of the regulatory package, redesigning the European airspace in order to establish new air traffic flows; creating an increase in additional capacity, all with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the ATM system.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131949178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of registered commercial freight vehicles in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been increasing over the years, which affects the traffic load and the condition of roads, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vehicle overloading is considered to be one of the biggest causes of damage to part of the road surface, especially with regard to the load-bearing road substructure. The focus of the research is the vehicle overloading on the roads of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special emphasis on determining the type and degree of overloaded vehicles and determining the equivalence factor (EF). In the research phase, data from weighing control stations were used, taking into account the total weight of vehicles, the distribution of total weight on vehicle axles and the equivalent standard axle load for a particular vehicle type over a period of two years. A high degree of overloading was found, especially 5-axle vehicles (58.7%). The level of overloading in the range of 10-20% in relation to the maximum allowed weight is especially apparent. The calculated EF is 3.64 and is higher than the standard EF.
{"title":"The Impact of Freight Vehicle Load on the Condition of Roads in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Zoran Injac, Danislav Drašković, Goran Amidžić","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2201033i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2201033i","url":null,"abstract":"The number of registered commercial freight vehicles in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been increasing over the years, which affects the traffic load and the condition of roads, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vehicle overloading is considered to be one of the biggest causes of damage to part of the road surface, especially with regard to the load-bearing road substructure. The focus of the research is the vehicle overloading on the roads of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with special emphasis on determining the type and degree of overloaded vehicles and determining the equivalence factor (EF). In the research phase, data from weighing control stations were used, taking into account the total weight of vehicles, the distribution of total weight on vehicle axles and the equivalent standard axle load for a particular vehicle type over a period of two years. A high degree of overloading was found, especially 5-axle vehicles (58.7%). The level of overloading in the range of 10-20% in relation to the maximum allowed weight is especially apparent. The calculated EF is 3.64 and is higher than the standard EF.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127763691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes the importance and the role of the subsystem of flexible transportation of passengers (paratransit) in the system of a public city transportation of passengers (PCTP). It is a system with several forms and can be defined by several parameters, but in large number of cities in the world it gains more importance in the PCTP system. This paper describes this system with its characteristics, i.e. its positive characteristics that lead to increased combined mobility of population in cities in the PCTP system, i.e. to decreased use of passenger cars.
{"title":"Flexible Transportation of Passengers and Combined Mobility","authors":"P. Gladović, Danislav Drašković, Boris Mikanović","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2201039g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2201039g","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the importance and the role of the subsystem of flexible transportation of passengers (paratransit) in the system of a public city transportation of passengers (PCTP). It is a system with several forms and can be defined by several parameters, but in large number of cities in the world it gains more importance in the PCTP system. This paper describes this system with its characteristics, i.e. its positive characteristics that lead to increased combined mobility of population in cities in the PCTP system, i.e. to decreased use of passenger cars.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116310430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traffic accidents are, today, accepted as a global problem and activities are being undertaken to adapt and transfer successful practices from the most developed countries to underdeveloped and developing countries. The impact of a road transport system is so significant that its safety or lack of safety affects a wide range of social needs. Road safety or mobility without risk of death or injury affects health, poverty, equality, the environment, employment, education, gender equality and the sustainability of communities. Many nations around the world have improved the effect of pillar interventions by applying them selectively and strategically in accordance with the principles of the safe system approach. The safe system approach addresses problems closer to their root cause and on a broader level than conventional methods. The five pillars of road safety identified in the Global Plan for the Decade of Action 2011-2020 include a set of evidence-based interventions that can measurably improve road safety. Preparation and adoption of strategic documents - a traffic safety system development policy and strategy is a great way to demonstrate traffic safety management. The most important common denominator for all successful traffic safety practices is science-based strategic traffic safety management, which has clear, honest and publicly expressed political support. The paper presents the analysis of the third pillar „safer vehicles“ and its influence on the approach of the safe system from different aspects.
{"title":"The Impact of the Age of the Vehicle Fleet on Traffic Safety - Vehicle as the Third Pillar of Traffic Safety","authors":"Nemanja N. Deretić, D. Stanimirović","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2102065d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2102065d","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic accidents are, today, accepted as a global problem and activities are being undertaken to adapt and transfer successful practices from the most developed countries to underdeveloped and developing countries. The impact of a road transport system is so significant that its safety or lack of safety affects a wide range of social needs. Road safety or mobility without risk of death or injury affects health, poverty, equality, the environment, employment, education, gender equality and the sustainability of communities. Many nations around the world have improved the effect of pillar interventions by applying them selectively and strategically in accordance with the principles of the safe system approach. The safe system approach addresses problems closer to their root cause and on a broader level than conventional methods. The five pillars of road safety identified in the Global Plan for the Decade of Action 2011-2020 include a set of evidence-based interventions that can measurably improve road safety. Preparation and adoption of strategic documents - a traffic safety system development policy and strategy is a great way to demonstrate traffic safety management. The most important common denominator for all successful traffic safety practices is science-based strategic traffic safety management, which has clear, honest and publicly expressed political support. The paper presents the analysis of the third pillar „safer vehicles“ and its influence on the approach of the safe system from different aspects.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116921630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinisa M. Arsic, Velibor Peulić, D. Jovanovic, Milos Arsic
This research includes the analysis of key impacts on environmental improvements, which are engaged in road transport of cargo or passengers. The basic assumption of this paper is that the level of fulfilment of environmental standards (measured by decreasing emissions of harmful gasses) is largely conditioned by the external influences, such as business strategy, performance or logistics management activities. The main goal of this paper is to theoretically identify key impact in the case of transport companies when it comes to potential for improvements of environmental indicators. Improvements for the living environment can be caused by fleet renewal, tighter vehicle lifecycle management and via different government regulations. Key findings suggest that the fact whether a road transport company does business internationally. Future research involves extending this sample of road transport companies to all Balkan countries, who are members of the EU or are candidate countries. Additionally, future research should be including additional environmental indicators that are not conventionally measured during vehicle inspections.
{"title":"Key Impacts on Environmental Improvements in Case of Road Transport Companies","authors":"Sinisa M. Arsic, Velibor Peulić, D. Jovanovic, Milos Arsic","doi":"10.7251/jtttp2102075a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7251/jtttp2102075a","url":null,"abstract":"This research includes the analysis of key impacts on environmental improvements, which are engaged in road transport of cargo or passengers. The basic assumption of this paper is that the level of fulfilment of environmental standards (measured by decreasing emissions of harmful gasses) is largely conditioned by the external influences, such as business strategy, performance or logistics management activities. The main goal of this paper is to theoretically identify key impact in the case of transport companies when it comes to potential for improvements of environmental indicators. Improvements for the living environment can be caused by fleet renewal, tighter vehicle lifecycle management and via different government regulations. Key findings suggest that the fact whether a road transport company does business internationally. Future research involves extending this sample of road transport companies to all Balkan countries, who are members of the EU or are candidate countries. Additionally, future research should be including additional environmental indicators that are not conventionally measured during vehicle inspections.","PeriodicalId":295974,"journal":{"name":"JTTTP - JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT THEORY AND PRACTICE","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121119898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：