Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science最新文献_第3页

Dissecting the physics of bacterial biofilms with agent-based simulations 用基于代理的模拟剖析细菌生物膜的物理特性

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101228

Kee-Myoung Nam , Changhao Li , Bastiaan J.R. Cockx , Danh T. Nguyen , Ying Li , Jan-Ulrich Kreft , Jing Yan

Biofilms are surface-attached bacterial communities encased within extracellular matrices (ECMs) of biopolymers that play many significant roles in health and society. Biofilms are versatile, living biomaterials that are resilient to a wide range of external perturbations, primarily due to the ECM, which consists of a complex network of polymeric macromolecules. Newly established platforms for live biofilm imaging at single-cell resolution have revealed a wealth of novel insights into the emergence of cellular organization within a developing biofilm. This has, in turn, necessitated the development of modeling approaches that can pinpoint the mechanistic origins of this organization. In this review, we discuss the use of agent-based models (ABMs) as a general framework for simulating the development of bacterial colonies and biofilms. We describe the ingredients that are typically included in an ABM, together with the biological entity or process that each such ingredient represents, and the assumptions that underlie its precise formulation within the model. We then discuss a selection of recent studies in which ABMs have been used to investigate the physical mechanisms that govern biofilm development, focusing on our recent work on orientational ordering within Vibrio cholerae biofilms. Finally, we describe the numerous ways in which we foresee that ABMs can be leveraged to further our understanding of biofilm development.

生物膜是包裹在生物聚合物细胞外基质（ecm）内的表面附着的细菌群落，在健康和社会中发挥着许多重要作用。生物膜是一种多功能的、有生命的生物材料，它对广泛的外部扰动具有弹性，主要是由于ECM，它由一个复杂的聚合物大分子网络组成。新建立的单细胞分辨率的活生物膜成像平台揭示了大量关于发育中的生物膜内细胞组织出现的新见解。反过来，这就需要开发能够精确定位该组织的机制起源的建模方法。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用基于主体的模型（ABMs）作为模拟细菌菌落和生物膜发育的一般框架。我们描述了ABM中通常包含的成分，以及每种成分所代表的生物实体或过程，以及模型中精确配方的假设。然后，我们讨论了一些最近的研究，其中ABMs已被用于研究控制生物膜发育的物理机制，重点是我们最近在霍乱弧菌生物膜内的定向排序工作。最后，我们描述了许多方法，在这些方法中，我们可以利用ABMs来进一步了解生物膜的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Current opinions on memristor-accelerated machine learning hardware 当前对忆阻器加速机器学习硬件的看法

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101226

Mingrui Jiang , Yichun Xu , Zefan Li , Can Li

The unprecedented advancement of artificial intelligence has placed immense demands on computing hardware, but traditional silicon-based semiconductor technologies are approaching their physical and economic limit, prompting the exploration of novel computing paradigms. Memristor offers a promising solution, enabling in-memory analog computation and massive parallelism, which leads to low latency and power consumption. This manuscript reviews the current status of memristor-based machine learning accelerators, highlighting the milestones achieved in developing prototype chips, that not only accelerate neural networks inference but also tackle other machine learning tasks. More importantly, it discusses our opinion on current key challenges that remain in this field, such as device variation, the need for efficient peripheral circuitry, and systematic co-design and optimization. We also share our perspective on potential future directions, some of which address existing challenges while others explore untouched territories. By addressing these challenges through interdisciplinary efforts spanning device engineering, circuit design, and systems architecture, memristor-based accelerators could significantly advance the capabilities of AI hardware, particularly for edge applications where power efficiency is paramount.

人工智能的空前进步对计算硬件提出了巨大的要求，但传统的硅基半导体技术正在接近其物理和经济极限，促使人们探索新的计算范式。忆阻器提供了一个很有前途的解决方案，实现了内存模拟计算和大规模并行性，从而降低了延迟和功耗。本文回顾了基于忆阻器的机器学习加速器的现状，强调了在开发原型芯片方面取得的里程碑，这些芯片不仅加速了神经网络推理，而且还解决了其他机器学习任务。更重要的是，它讨论了我们对当前该领域仍然存在的关键挑战的看法，例如器件变化，对高效外围电路的需求，以及系统的协同设计和优化。我们还分享了我们对潜在未来方向的看法，其中一些解决了现有的挑战，而另一些则探索了尚未触及的领域。通过跨越器件工程、电路设计和系统架构的跨学科努力来解决这些挑战，基于忆阻器的加速器可以显著提高人工智能硬件的能力，特别是对于功率效率至关重要的边缘应用。

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引用次数: 0

Perspectives and challenges of ultra-high temperature ceramics for fusion plasma-facing applications 超高温陶瓷在融合等离子体中的应用前景与挑战

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101223

Yan-Ru Lin , Takaaki Koyanagi , Steven J. Zinkle , Lance L. Snead , Yutai Katoh

Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) offer several potential advantages as plasma-facing components (PFCs) in fusion reactors due to their extreme melting points, tailorable thermal conductivity, and attractive unirradiated mechanical properties including fracture toughness comparable or superior to tungsten. Recent developments and material properties of UHTCs are briefly reviewed, along with an overview of limited studies on their responses to neutron irradiation and an evaluation of plasma-surface interactions. Five key research pathways, primarily focused on irradiation effects, for advancing UHTCs in PFC applications are discussed: (1) assessing irradiation effects on the coupled thermal–mechanical performance (2) addressing the lack of studies on irradiation, plasma-surface interactions, and their synergistic effects; (3) investigating high-temperature (>1000 °C) neutron irradiation effects critical for PFC performance; (4) optimizing multi-component UHTC compositions or composites to improve thermal or mechanical properties; (5) enhancing radiation resistance to mitigate microcracking and void swelling through strategies such as increasing sink strength by reducing grain size, introducing fine particles, and leveraging complex concentrated alloy concepts.

超高温陶瓷（UHTCs）由于其极高的熔点、可定制的导热性以及极具吸引力的未辐照机械性能（包括与钨相当或优于钨的断裂韧性），在聚变反应堆中作为等离子体面向组件（pfc）提供了几个潜在的优势。简要回顾了超高温超导材料的最新发展和材料特性，并概述了超高温超导材料对中子辐照的响应和等离子体表面相互作用的评价。本文讨论了推进UHTCs在PFC中的应用的五个关键研究途径，主要集中在辐照效应方面：(1)评估辐照对耦合热-力学性能的影响；(2)解决辐照、等离子体表面相互作用及其协同效应研究的不足；(3)研究对PFC性能至关重要的高温（>1000℃）中子辐照效应；(4)优化多组分UHTC组合物或复合材料，以改善热性能或力学性能；(5)通过减小晶粒尺寸、引入细颗粒和利用复杂的浓缩合金概念等策略来提高抗辐射能力，以减轻微裂纹和孔洞膨胀。

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引用次数: 0

History, present status, and future directions of vanadium alloys for fusion reactors 核聚变用钒合金的历史、现状及未来发展方向

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101224

T. Muroga , P.F. Zheng , Y. Yang

Since the need for low-activation fusion reactor materials was recognized in the mid-1980s, vanadium alloys have been researched and developed as promising candidates for blanket structural materials. Vanadium alloys are non-ferromagnetic and ductile materials and thus have advantages different from other candidates. However, since vanadium alloys are still at a premature industrial stage, research and development have been carried out not only on issues specific to fusion reactors but also on those related to industrial materials. Blankets using vanadium alloys as structural materials and liquid Li as a tritium breeder and coolant (self-cooled V/Li blankets) have unique characteristics, and research and development of issues specific to V/Li blankets have been conducted in conjunction with the development of vanadium alloys. In this paper, the progress of this research and development is reviewed, and the remaining issues are pointed out. Furthermore, the future direction of vanadium alloy research and development is discussed, considering recent changes in the environment surrounding fusion energy.

自20世纪80年代中期人们认识到对低活化聚变反应堆材料的需求以来，钒合金作为一种有前途的包层结构材料得到了研究和开发。钒合金是非铁磁性和延展性材料，因此具有不同于其他候选材料的优势。然而，由于钒合金还处于工业发展的初级阶段，因此不仅针对核聚变反应堆的具体问题进行了研究和开发，而且还涉及到与工业材料有关的问题。以钒合金为结构材料，液态锂作为氚增殖剂和冷却剂的电热毯（自冷式V/Li电热毯）具有独特的特点，针对V/Li电热毯的研究与开发一直是在结合钒合金的发展进行的。本文综述了该领域的研究进展，并指出了存在的问题。最后，结合当前聚变能环境的变化，对今后钒合金的研究与发展方向进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Designing biofilm architecture through depletion-mediated self-assembly and emergent nematic order 通过耗竭介导的自组装和涌现的向列秩序设计生物膜结构

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101222

X. Li , S. Zhao , A.S. Utada

Bacteria are ubiquitous and adaptable microorganisms that play crucial roles in the functioning of the ecosystem and hold immense potential for biotechnological applications. In nearly all environments, they form self-assembled biofilm communities. In this mini-review, we examine bacterial aggregation, focusing on two key aspects: the use of depletion forces to direct bacterial assembly and the emergence of liquid crystalline order in biofilms. We explore how the depletion attraction effect can be used to direct the assembly of bacteria into ordered groups, while also highlighting the diversity of ways different bacterial biofilms develop liquid crystal-like order and how it influences biofilm morphology and function. These phenomena offer promising avenues for manipulating bacterial communities and hold the potential to contribute to the development of design rules for engineering biofilms with tailored architectures and functionalities. This knowledge will ultimately expand our ability to harness biofilms for diverse applications in bioremediation, biomanufacturing, and medicine.

细菌是无处不在的适应性微生物，在生态系统的功能中起着至关重要的作用，在生物技术应用方面具有巨大的潜力。在几乎所有的环境中，它们形成自组装的生物膜群落。在这篇小型综述中，我们研究了细菌聚集，重点关注两个关键方面：使用耗竭力来指导细菌组装和生物膜中液晶秩序的出现。我们探索了如何利用耗竭吸引效应来指导细菌组装成有序的群体，同时也强调了不同细菌生物膜形成液晶样秩序的方式的多样性，以及它如何影响生物膜的形态和功能。这些现象为操纵细菌群落提供了有希望的途径，并有可能有助于开发具有定制结构和功能的工程生物膜的设计规则。这些知识最终将扩大我们利用生物膜在生物修复、生物制造和医学方面的各种应用的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Structures, energetics, and dynamics of active tubulin self-organization 活性微管蛋白自组织的结构、能量学和动力学

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101219

Uri Raviv

Microtubules (MTs) are one of the major components of the cytoskeleton. They are involved in many key functions of eukaryotic cells, including cell division, intracellular transport, cell motility, and cell shape. MTs are hollow tubules made of parallel filaments, formed by active (non-equilibrium) self-organization of tubulin dimers. The dynamic self-organization of tubulin is facilitated by the GTPase activity of tubulin. Tubulin self-assembles with microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and other factors into a wide range of morphologies, including tubulin rings, MT bundles, and the spindle apparatus, segregating chromosomes during cell division. In this review, we shall discuss recent insight into the intimate link between tubulin -biochemistry, -structure, -interactions, -dynamics, -stability, -assembly, -disassembly, and -mechanical properties. We shall then focus on recent time-resolved solution X-ray scattering analysis of tubulin self-organization below and above the critical conditions for microtubule assembly. Finally, we shall discuss some of the challenging multiscale unsolved problems requiring the integration of different experimental and theoretical methods. Microtubule formation is an important target for drugs to treat conditions like gout and a wide range of cancers. Understanding the polymerization mechanism could help in the design of future drugs and in the development of active biomaterials that promote the remodeling or regeneration of tissue after disease or injury.

微管是细胞骨架的主要组成部分之一。它们参与真核细胞的许多关键功能，包括细胞分裂、细胞内运输、细胞运动和细胞形状。微管蛋白是由平行细丝组成的空心小管，由微管蛋白二聚体的主动（非平衡）自组织形成。微管蛋白的GTPase活性促进了微管蛋白的动态自组织。微管蛋白与微管相关蛋白（MAPs）和其他因子自组装成多种形态，包括微管蛋白环、MT束和纺锤体，在细胞分裂过程中分离染色体。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论最近对微管蛋白-生物化学，-结构，-相互作用，-动力学，-稳定性，-组装，-拆卸和-机械性能之间密切联系的见解。然后，我们将重点关注微管组装临界条件以下和以上的微管自组织的最新时间分辨溶液x射线散射分析。最后，我们将讨论一些需要整合不同实验和理论方法的具有挑战性的多尺度未解决问题。微管的形成是药物治疗痛风和多种癌症的重要靶点。了解聚合机制可以帮助设计未来的药物和开发活性生物材料，促进疾病或损伤后组织的重塑或再生。

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引用次数: 0

From high-entropy alloys to alloys with high entropy: A new paradigm in materials science and engineering for advancing sustainable metallurgy 从高熵合金到高熵合金：推进可持续冶金的材料科学与工程新范式

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101221

Jose M. Torralba , Alberto Meza , S. Venkatesh Kumaran , Amir Mostafaei , Ahad Mohammadzadeh

The development of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) has marked a paradigm shift in alloy design, moving away from traditional methods that prioritize a dominant base metal enhanced by minor elements. HEAs instead incorporate multiple alloying elements with no single dominant component, broadening the scope of alloy design. This shift has led to the creation of diverse alloys with high entropy (AHEs) families, including high-entropy steels, superalloys, and intermetallics, each highlighting the need to consider additional factors such as stacking fault energy (SFE), lattice misfit, and anti-phase boundary energy (APBE) due to their significant influence on microstructure and performance. Leveraging multiple elements in alloying opens up promising possibilities for developing new alloys from multi-component scrap and electronic waste, reducing reliance on critical metals and emphasizing the need for advanced data generation techniques. With the vast possibilities offered by these multi-component feedstocks, modelling and Artificial Intelligence based tools are essential to efficiently explore and optimize new alloys, supporting sustainable progress in metallurgy. These advancements call for a reimagined alloy design framework, emphasizing robust data acquisition, alternative design parameters, and advanced computational tools over traditional composition-focused methodologies.

高熵合金（HEAs）的发展标志着合金设计的范式转变，摆脱了优先考虑由次要元素增强的主导贱金属的传统方法。相反，HEAs采用了多种合金元素，没有单一的主导成分，扩大了合金设计的范围。这种转变导致了高熵（ahs）家族的各种合金的产生，包括高熵钢、高温合金和金属间化合物，每种合金都强调需要考虑额外的因素，如层错能（SFE）、晶格失配和反相边界能（APBE），因为它们对微观结构和性能有重大影响。利用合金中的多种元素为从多组分废料和电子废物中开发新合金开辟了广阔的可能性，减少了对关键金属的依赖，并强调了对先进数据生成技术的需求。由于这些多组分原料提供了巨大的可能性，建模和基于人工智能的工具对于有效地探索和优化新合金至关重要，从而支持冶金的可持续发展。这些进步需要重新构想合金设计框架，强调稳健的数据采集、可替代的设计参数和先进的计算工具，而不是传统的以成分为中心的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Voltage-controlled skyrmion manipulation chambers for neuromorphic computing 用于神经形态计算的电压控制skyrmion操作室

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101220

Zulfidin Khodzhaev, Jean Anne C. Incorvia

Voltage-controlled magnetic skyrmion manipulation has emerged as a promising approach for designing high-density and low-power magnetic devices. This paper investigates the potential of magnetic skyrmion manipulation chambers for such devices, focusing on applications in neuromorphic computing systems. Here, a comprehensive analysis of the properties and characteristics of magnetic skyrmions, their manipulation techniques, and their suitability for magnetic devices is presented. The findings suggest that voltage-controlled skyrmion manipulation chambers have significant advantages over conventional technologies for applications such as high-density data storage, low-power spintronic devices, and adaptable neuromorphic computing systems. These advantages stem from the unique properties of skyrmions, including their topological stability, nanoscale dimensions, and efficient manipulation through voltage control. Furthermore, the dynamic rearrangement capabilities of skyrmion manipulation chambers make them ideal for implementing adaptable neuromorphic architectures and low-power skyrmion-based synaptic devices. This study provides a foundation for further research and development in skyrmion manipulation chambers to realize their potential in neuromorphic computing systems.

电压控制磁离子操纵已成为设计高密度和低功耗磁性器件的一种有前途的方法。本文研究了磁skyrmion操纵室用于此类设备的潜力，重点是在神经形态计算系统中的应用。本文综合分析了磁陀螺的性质、特点、操纵技术及其在磁性器件中的适用性。研究结果表明，在高密度数据存储、低功率自旋电子器件和适应性神经形态计算系统等应用中，电压控制的skyrmion操作室比传统技术具有显著优势。这些优势源于skyrmions的独特特性，包括它们的拓扑稳定性、纳米级尺寸和通过电压控制的有效操作。此外，skyrion操纵室的动态重排能力使其成为实现适应性神经形态架构和低功耗skyrion突触设备的理想选择。该研究为进一步研究和开发skyrmion操纵室提供了基础，以实现其在神经形态计算系统中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning for inverse design of acoustic and elastic metamaterials 声学和弹性超材料反设计的机器学习

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101218

Krupali Donda , Pankit Brahmkhatri , Yifan Zhu , Bishwajit Dey , Viacheslav Slesarenko

Recent rapid developments in machine learning (ML) models have revolutionized the generation of images and texts. Simultaneously, generative models are beginning to permeate other fields, where they are being applied to the effective design of various structures. In the field of metamaterials, in particular, machine learning has enabled the creation of sophisticated architectures with unconventional behavior and unique properties. In this article, we review recent advancements in the ML-driven design of a particular class of artificial materials — phononic metamaterials — that are capable of programming the propagation of acoustic and elastic waves. This review includes an in-depth discussion of the challenges and future prospects, aiming to inspire the phononic community to advance this research field collectively. We hope this article will help readers understand the recent developments in generative design and build a solid foundation for addressing specific research problems that could benefit from the application of machine learning models.

最近机器学习（ML）模型的快速发展彻底改变了图像和文本的生成。同时，生成模型也开始渗透到其他领域，应用于各种结构的有效设计。特别是在超材料领域，机器学习已经能够创造出具有非常规行为和独特属性的复杂架构。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了机器学习驱动设计的一种特殊人工材料的最新进展-声子超材料-能够编程声波和弹性波的传播。本文对声谱学研究面临的挑战和未来的发展前景进行了深入的讨论，旨在激励声谱学界共同推进这一研究领域的发展。我们希望这篇文章能够帮助读者理解生成设计的最新发展，并为解决具体的研究问题奠定坚实的基础，这些问题可以从机器学习模型的应用中受益。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in understanding iron/steel corrosion: Mechanistic insights from molecular simulations 理解钢铁腐蚀的最新进展：来自分子模拟的机制见解

IF 12.2 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science

Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2025.101216

Lakshitha Jasin Arachchige , Chunqing Li , Feng Wang

Steel structures form the backbone of modern infrastructure, providing strength and durability to buildings, bridges, and other critical constructions. However, iron/steel corrosion is a prevalent issue leading to significant maintenance costs and safety concerns across various industries. Understanding and inhibiting iron/steel corrosion is vital to ensuring the sustainability of these industries. Capturing atomistic scale corrosion mechanisms and interactions using traditional experimental methods is challenging. Recent advances in computational materials chemistry, particularly density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have significantly enhanced our understanding of the corrosion mechanism. This review focuses on the latest progresses using DFT and MD simulations to investigate iron/steel corrosion at the atomistic level. We discuss how these methods are employed to understand the fundamental process of oxidation, passivation and depassivation mechanisms, and the role of aggressive agents so that more effective corrosion prevention methods can be developed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive literature study on iron/steel corrosion mechanisms using computational tools and their contribution in understanding and prevention of corrosion.

钢结构是现代基础设施的支柱，为建筑物、桥梁和其他关键建筑提供强度和耐久性。然而，钢铁腐蚀是一个普遍存在的问题，导致许多行业的维护成本和安全问题。了解和抑制钢铁腐蚀对确保这些行业的可持续性至关重要。利用传统的实验方法捕捉原子尺度的腐蚀机制和相互作用是具有挑战性的。计算材料化学的最新进展，特别是密度泛函理论（DFT）和分子动力学（MD）模拟，极大地增强了我们对腐蚀机理的理解。本文综述了利用DFT和MD模拟在原子水平上研究钢铁腐蚀的最新进展。我们讨论了如何使用这些方法来了解氧化，钝化和脱钝化机制的基本过程，以及侵蚀剂的作用，以便开发更有效的防腐蚀方法。本文综述了利用计算工具对钢铁腐蚀机理的综合文献研究，以及它们在理解和预防腐蚀方面的贡献。

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引用次数: 0